7 Ingantattun Ayyukan Ƙirar Ƙirar don Ingantaccen Koyon Aji a 2025

Ana ɗaukar ayyukan ƙima da ƙima ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan ilimi saboda kwaɗayinsu ga xaliban da tasirinsu nan take kan tsarin koyo-koyarwa. Waɗannan ayyukan suna taimaka wa malamai su karɓi ra'ayoyinsu ga iyakokin fahimtar kansu, da kuma ƙwarewar halin yanzu, don haɓaka matakai na gaba a cikin aji. 

A cikin wannan sakon, ina musayar ayyuka bakwai na ƙima waɗanda suka canza aji na da na malamai da nake aiki da su. Waɗannan ba ra'ayoyi ba ne na ka'idoji daga littafin koyarwa- dabarun yaƙi ne da aka gwada waɗanda suka taimaka wa dubban ɗalibai su ji an gani, an fahimce su, da kuma ƙarfafa su cikin tafiyar koyo.

Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

Me Ya Sa Ƙimar Kima Mai Mahimmanci a 2025?

Ƙimar ƙima ita ce ci gaba da tattara shaida game da koyo na ɗalibi yayin koyarwa don yin gyare-gyare nan da nan wanda ya inganta duka sakamakon koyarwa da koyo. A cewar Majalisar Manyan Jami’an Makarantun Jiha (CCSSO), kima mai inganci “tsari ne mai gudana, wanda dukkan ɗalibai da malamai ke amfani da su a lokacin koyo da koyarwa don ba da shaida da amfani da shaidar koyan ɗalibi don inganta fahimtar ɗalibi game da sakamakon koyo na ladabtarwa da kuma tallafa wa ɗalibai su zama masu koyi da kai. Ba kamar taƙaitaccen kimantawa waɗanda ke kimanta koyo bayan an gama koyarwa, ƙima mai ƙima na faruwa a wannan lokacin, ba da damar malamai su jagoranci, sake koyarwa, ko haɓaka bisa bayanan ainihin lokaci.

Yanayin ilimi ya canza sosai tun lokacin da na fara shiga aji a cikin 2015. Mun kewaya koyo mai nisa, mun rungumi sabbin fasahohi, kuma mun sake fayyace yadda haɗin gwiwa ya kasance a duniyarmu ta bayan annoba. Amma duk da haka ainihin buƙatun fahimtar tafiyar koyo na ɗalibanmu ba ta canzawa - idan wani abu, ya zama mafi mahimmanci fiye da kowane lokaci.

Bincike Bayan Ƙididdiga Tsari

Tushen bincike akan ƙima mai ƙima, wanda ya fara da Black and Wiliam mai tasiri na 1998 bitar nazarin sama da 250, a koyaushe yana nuna tasiri mai kyau akan nasarar ɗalibi. Binciken nasu ya samo tasiri masu girma dabam daga 0.4 zuwa 0.7 daidaitattun sabani-daidai da haɓaka karatun ɗalibai ta hanyar watanni 12-18. Ƙarin nazarin meta-bincike na baya-bayan nan, gami da bitar Hattie na meta-bincike na 12 akan ra'ayoyin a cikin azuzuwan, ya kammala da cewa a ƙarƙashin ingantattun yanayi, ra'ayi a cikin yanayin tsari na iya ba da gudummawa sosai ga nasarar ɗalibai, tare da matsakaicin girman tasiri na 0.73.

Kungiyar Hadin Kan Tattalin Arziki da Tattalin Arziki (OECD) ta bayyana kima mai inganci a matsayin "daya daga cikin dabaru masu inganci don inganta manyan ayyuka a makarantu," tare da lura da cewa nasarorin da aka samu da ake dangantawa da kima mai inganci "yana da girma sosai". Koyaya, OECD kuma ta lura cewa duk da waɗannan fa'idodin, ƙima na ƙima "har yanzu ba a aiwatar da shi cikin tsari ba" a yawancin tsarin ilimi.

Makullin ya ta'allaka ne a ƙirƙirar madaidaicin ra'ayi inda:

• Dalibai suna karɓar amsa ta musamman game da fahimtar su
• Malamai suna daidaita umarni bisa ga shaidar karatun ɗalibi
• Koyo ya zama bayyane ga malamai da dalibai
• Dalibai suna haɓaka ƙwarewar fahimta kuma su zama masu koyi da kai

7 Babban Tasirin Ayyukan Ƙirar Ƙirar Ƙirar da ke Canza Koyo

1. Gaggawar Tambayoyi Masu Tsara

Manta tambarin tambaya masu jawo tsoro. Tambayoyi masu sauri (tambayoyi 3-5, mintuna 5-7) suna aiki azaman bincike na koyo wanda ke sanar da motsinku na gaba na koyarwa.

Ka'idodin ƙira:

• Mayar da hankali kan maɓalli ɗaya kowace tambaya
• Haɗa cakuda nau'ikan tambaya: zabi mai yawa, gajeriyar amsa, da aikace-aikace
• Ka sanya su a cikin ƙananan jari: darajar mafi ƙarancin maki ko mara daraja
• Bayar da amsa nan take ta hanyar tattaunawar amsa

Tambayoyi masu wayo:

• "Bayyana wannan ra'ayi ga dalibi na 5th"
• "Me zai faru idan muka canza wannan canjin?"
• "Haɗa karatun yau da abin da muka karanta a makon jiya"
• "Mene ne ke damun wannan batu?"

Kayan aikin dijital da ke aiki:

• Kahoot don haɗin gwiwa
• AhaSlides don saurin kai da sakamako na ainihi
• Google Forms don cikakkun bayanai

2. Tikitin Fitar Dabarun: Wasan Wuta na 3-2-1

Tikitin ficewa ba aikin kula da gida na ƙarshe ba ne kawai - su ne ma'adinan gwal na koyo lokacin da aka tsara su da dabara. Tsarin da na fi so shine 3-2-1 tunani:

• Abubuwa 3 da kuka koya yau
• Tambayoyi 2 har yanzu kuna da
• Hanya 1 da zaku yi amfani da wannan ilimin

Nasihu masu aiwatarwa:

• Yi amfani da kayan aikin dijital kamar Google Forms ko Padlet don tattara bayanai nan take
• Ƙirƙirar tikitin fita daban bisa manufar koyo
• Rarraba martani zuwa tara uku: "Samu shi," "Samun wurin," da "Need goyon baya"
• Yi amfani da bayanan don tsara ayyukan buɗewar rana mai zuwa

Misalin ajin gaske: Bayan koyar da photosynthesis, na yi amfani da tikitin fita don gano cewa kashi 60% na ɗalibai har yanzu suna rikita chloroplasts da mitochondria. Kashegari, na fara da aikin kwatancen gani da sauri maimakon matsawa zuwa numfashin salula kamar yadda aka tsara.

3. Zaɓen Sadarwa

Kuri'a na mu'amala yana canza masu sauraro masu saurara zuwa ƙwararrun mahalarta yayin da suke ba ku haske na ainihin-lokaci game da fahimtar ɗalibi. Amma sihirin ba ya cikin kayan aiki-yana cikin tambayoyin da kuke yi.

Tambayoyin zaɓe masu tasiri:

• Fahimtar tunani: "Wane ne mafi kyawun bayanin dalilin da yasa..."
• Aikace-aikace: "Idan za ku yi amfani da wannan ra'ayi don warwarewa..."
• Metacognitive: "Yaya kike da kwarin gwiwa akan iyawarki..."
• Binciken kuskure: "Me zai faru idan..."

Dabarun aiwatarwa:

• Yi amfani da kayan aikin kamar AhaSlides don yin zaɓe mai sauƙi
• Yi tambayoyi na dabaru 2-3 a kowane darasi, ba kawai abubuwan ban sha'awa ba
• Nuna sakamako don haifar da tattaunawa game da tunani
• Ci gaba da "Me yasa kuka zaɓi wannan amsar?" tattaunawa

4. Tunani-Biyu-Raba 2.0

Tsarin tunani-biyu-share na yau da kullun yana samun haɓakawa na zamani tare da ingantaccen lissafi. Anan ga yadda ake haɓaka yuwuwar ƙima na ƙima:

Ingantaccen tsari:

1. Yi tunani (minti 2): Dalibai suna rubuta tunaninsu na farko
2. Biyu (minti 3): Abokan hulɗa suna rabawa kuma suna ginawa akan ra'ayoyi
3. Raba (minti 5): Biyu suna gabatar da ingantaccen tunani ga ajin
4. Yi tunani (minti 1): Tunani ɗaya kan yadda tunani ya samo asali

Bincike:

• Kula da ɗaliban da suka dogara kacokan akan abokan haɗin gwiwa tare da ba da gudummawa daidai
• Zagaya yayin tattaunawa guda biyu don jin ra'ayoyin marasa fahimta
• Yi amfani da takarda mai sauƙi don lura da abin da ɗalibai ke gwagwarmaya don bayyana ra'ayoyi
• Saurari amfani da ƙamus da haɗin kai

5. Hotunan Koyo

Canza bangon ajin ku zuwa ɗakunan karatu inda ɗalibai ke nuna tunaninsu a gani. Wannan aikin yana aiki a duk faɗin batutuwa kuma yana ba da cikakkun bayanan ƙima.

Tsarin Gallery:

• Taswirorin ra'ayi: Dalibai suna ƙirƙira alamun gani na yadda ra'ayoyi ke haɗuwa
• Tafiya na warware matsala: Takaddun mataki-mataki na matakan tunani
• Hotunan hasashe: Dalibai suna aika tsinkaya, sannan su sake duba bayan koyo
• Allolin tunani: Amsoshi na gani ga tsokaci ta amfani da zane, kalmomi, ko duka biyun

Dabarun tantancewa:

• Yi amfani da tafiye-tafiyen gallery don ra'ayin takwarorinsu ta amfani da takamaiman ladabi
• Ɗauki hotunan aikin ɗalibi don fayilolin dijital
• Yi la'akari da alamu a cikin rashin fahimta a cikin kayan tarihi na ɗalibai da yawa
• Ka sa ɗalibai su bayyana tunaninsu yayin gabatar da hotuna

6. Ka'idojin Tattaunawa na Haɗin gwiwa

Tattaunawar aji mai ma'ana ba ta faruwa ta hanyar haɗari - suna buƙatar tsarin niyya waɗanda ke sa ɗalibin tunanin gani yayin da suke ci gaba da haɗa kai.

Ka'idar Fishbowl:

• 4-5 ɗalibai suna tattauna wani batu a cikin da'irar tsakiya
• Dalibai da suka rage suna kallo kuma suna yin bayanin kula akan tattaunawar
• Masu sa ido na iya "shiga ciki" don maye gurbin mai tattaunawa
• Debrief yana mai da hankali kan abubuwan ciki da ingancin tattaunawa

Ƙimar Jigsaw:

• Dalibai sun zama ƙwararru a fannoni daban-daban na wani batu
• Ƙungiyoyin masana suna haɗuwa don zurfafa fahimta
• Dalibai suna komawa ƙungiyoyin gida don koyar da wasu
• Kima yana faruwa ta hanyar lura da koyarwa da tunani na fita

Taron karawa juna sani na Socratic da:

• Taron karawa juna sani na Socratic na Gargajiya tare da ƙarin ƙima
• Dalibai suna bin nasu shigar da tunanin juyin halitta
• Haɗa tambayoyin tunani game da yadda tunaninsu ya canza
• Yi amfani da takaddun lura don lura da tsarin haɗin gwiwa

7. Kayan Aikin Kiwon Kai

Koyar da ɗalibai don tantance koyonsu watakila shine mafi ƙarfi dabarun tantance ƙima. Lokacin da ɗalibai za su iya kimanta fahimtar su daidai, sun zama abokan tarayya a cikin ilimin nasu.

Tsarin kimanta kai:

1. Koyon masu bin diddigin ci gaba:

• Dalibai suna kimanta fahimtar su akan ma'auni tare da takamaiman bayanai
• Haɗa buƙatun shaida don kowane matakin
• rajistan shiga na yau da kullun a cikin raka'a
• Saitin manufa bisa fahimtar halin yanzu

2. Mujallu na tunani:

• Shigarwar mako-mako tana magance nasarorin koyo da ƙalubale
• Takamaiman tsokaci masu alaƙa da makasudin koyo
• Rarraba takwarorinsu na fahimta da dabaru
• Ra'ayin malamai kan haɓakar haɓakar fahimta

3. Kuskuren ladabi ladabi:

• Dalibai suna bincika kurakuran nasu akan ayyuka
• Rarraba kurakurai ta nau'in (ra'ayi, tsari, rashin kulawa)
• Ƙirƙirar dabarun sirri don guje wa kuskure iri ɗaya
• Raba ingantattun dabarun rigakafin kuskure tare da takwarorinsu

Ƙirƙirar Dabarun Ƙimar Ku

Fara ƙarami, tunani babba -Kada kayi ƙoƙarin aiwatar da duk dabarun bakwai lokaci guda. Zaɓi 2-3 waɗanda suka dace da salon koyarwa da bukatun ɗalibai. Jagora waɗannan kafin ƙara wasu.

Quality fiye da yawa - Yana da kyau a yi amfani da dabarun tantancewa guda ɗaya da kyau da a yi amfani da dabaru biyar mara kyau. Mayar da hankali kan tsara tambayoyi masu inganci da ayyuka waɗanda ke bayyana tunanin ɗalibi da gaske.

Rufe madauki - Babban muhimmin sashi na kima na tsari ba shine tarin bayanai ba - abin da kuke yi ne da bayanin. Koyaushe yi shirin yadda za ku daidaita koyarwa bisa abin da kuka koya.

Sanya shi na yau da kullun - Ƙimar ƙima ya kamata ya ji na halitta, ba kamar ƙarin nauyi ba. Gina waɗannan ayyukan cikin darasin ku na yau da kullun don su zama sassa na koyo mara sumul.

Kayayyakin Fasaha waɗanda ke Haɓaka (Ba Matsala ba) Ƙimar Ƙimar

Kayan aikin kyauta ga kowane aji:

• AhaSlides: Mai yawa don safiyo, tambayoyi, da tunani
• Paddled: Mai girma don haɗa kai da kwakwalwa da kuma raba ra'ayi
• Mintimeter: Mafi kyau ga zaɓe kai tsaye da girgije kalmomi
• Flipgrid: Cikakke don martanin bidiyo da martanin takwarorinsu
• Kahoot: Kasancewa don bita da ayyukan tunawa

Premium kayan aikin da ya kamata a yi la'akari:

• Socrative: Cikakken ɗakin kima tare da fahimtar ainihin lokacin
• Dutsen Pear: gabatarwar nunin faifai mai mu'amala tare da ƙima mai ƙima
• Nearpod: Darussa masu zurfi tare da ginanniyar ayyukan tantancewa
• Quizizz: Gamified kimantawa tare da cikakken nazari

Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙirar Kowane Lokaci

Ƙimar ƙima ba game da yin ƙari ba ne - game da kasancewa da niyya tare da hulɗar da kuka riga kuka yi da ɗalibai. Yana game da canza waɗancan lokutan jefarwa zuwa dama don fahimta, haɗi, da haɓaka.

Lokacin da kuka fahimci ainihin inda ɗalibanku suke cikin tafiyar koyo, zaku iya saduwa da su daidai inda suke kuma ku jagorance su zuwa inda suke buƙatar zuwa. Wannan ba koyarwa ba ce mai kyau ba - wannan shine fasaha da kimiyyar ilimi suna aiki tare don buɗe damar kowane ɗalibi.

Fara gobe. Zaɓi dabara ɗaya daga wannan jerin. Gwada shi har tsawon mako guda. Daidaita bisa ga abin da kuka koya. Sa'an nan kuma ƙara wani. Kafin ka san shi, za ku canza ajin ku zuwa wurin da ake ganin koyo, da daraja, da kuma ci gaba da ingantawa.

Daliban da ke zaune a cikin ajin ku a yau ba su cancanci komai ba sai ƙoƙarin ku na fahimta da tallafawa karatun su. Ƙimar ƙima shine yadda kuke sa hakan ta faru, lokaci ɗaya, tambaya ɗaya, fahimta ɗaya a lokaci guda.

References

Bennett, RE (2011). Ƙimar ƙima: nazari mai mahimmanci. Kima a Ilimi: Ka'idoji, Manufofi & Aiki, 18(1), 5-25.

Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (1998). Kimantawa da koyan aji. Kima a Ilimi: Ka'idoji, Manufofi & Aiki, 5(1), 7-74.

Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (2009). Haɓaka ka'idar ƙima mai ƙima. Ƙimar Ilimi, Ƙimar da Lamuni, 21(1), 5-31.

Majalisar Manyan Jami’an Makarantun Jiha. (2018). Bita ma'anar kima na tsari. Washington, DC: CCSSO.

Fuchs, LS, & Fuchs, D. (1986). Tasirin ƙima na tsari na tsari: Meta-bincike. Na Musamman Yara, 53(3), 199-208.

Graham, S., Hebert, M., & Harris, KR (2015). Ƙimar ƙima da rubutu: Meta-bincike. Jaridar Elementary School, 115(4), 523-547.

Hatti, J. (2009). Koyon Ganuwa: Haɗin kai sama da 800 meta-bincike da suka shafi nasara. London: Routledge.

Hattie, J., & Timperley, H. (2007). Ikon amsawa. Binciken Nazarin Ilimi, 77(1), 81-112.

Kingston, N., & Nash, B. (2011). Ƙimar ƙima: Meta-bincike da kira don bincike. Ma'aunin Ilimi: Batutuwa da Aiki, 30(4), 28-37.

Klute, M., Apthorp, H., Harlacher, J., & Reale, M. (2017). Ƙididdigar ƙima da nasarar karatun ɗaliban makarantar firamare: Binciken shaidu (REL 2017-259). Washington, DC: Sashen Ilimi na Amurka, Cibiyar Kimiyyar Ilimi, Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimi ta ƙasa da Taimakon Yanki, Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Yanki ta Tsakiya.

OECD. (2005). Ƙimar ƙima: Inganta koyo a cikin azuzuwan sakandare. Paris: Bugawa na OECD.

William, D. (2010). Ƙididdigar haɗaɗɗiyar wallafe-wallafen bincike da abubuwan da suka shafi sabon ka'idar kima. A cikin HL Andrade & GJ Cizek (Eds.), Littafin Jagora na Ƙimar ƙima (shafi na 18-40). New York: Routledge.

Wiliam, D., & Thompson, M. (2008). Haɗa ƙima tare da koyo: Me zai ɗauka don sa ta yi aiki? A cikin CA Dwyer (Ed.), Makomar tantancewa: Tsarin koyarwa da koyo (shafi na 53-82). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.