Menene Gudanar da Ayyuka? | Duk abin da za a sani a 2024
Nitsewa a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe? Jin gajiya? Jagora Project Management a 2024 kuma canza yadda kuke aiki.
Tsawon ƙarnuka, tsarin San Francisco's Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART), tare da mahaya 400,000 a rana ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan da suka fi nasara kuma Bechtel shine jagoran ayyukan duniya na manyan ayyukan gini da injiniya. Wannan misalin kyakkyawan shaida ne na yadda mahimmancin sarrafa aikin ke da tasiri. Tushen nasarar kowane aikin yana bayan kyawawan manajojin ayyuka.
Don haka, a cikin wannan labarin, za mu bincika menene gudanarwar aikin, yadda yake da mahimmanci, da mafi kyawun dabarun tsarawa, tsarawa, sarrafawa da kimanta aikin.
Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- Menene Gudanar da Ayyuka da Misalai?
- Me yasa Gudanar da Ayyukan Yana da Muhimmanci?
- Menene Mahimman Matakai guda uku na Gudanar da Ayyuka?
- Menene Dabarun Gudanar da Ayyukan: PERT da CPM
- Amfani da Software Management Software don Sarrafa Ayyuka
- Tambayoyin da
- Kwayar
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Menene Gudanar da Ayyuka da Misalai?
Ayyuka wani bangare ne na rayuwar yau da kullum. Wataƙila muna shirin bikin aure ko bikin ranar haihuwa mai ban mamaki, sake gyara gida, ko shirya aikin aji na tsawon semester. Ana iya ambata manyan ayyuka kamar gina gada, ƙaura mazauna, samar da sabbin layin jiragen sama, da ƙari. Duk suna buƙatar gudanar da ayyuka.
Gudanar da aikin yana bayyana tsarin tsari, dabaru, da ayyukan da ake amfani da su don tsarawa, tsarawa, sarrafawa, da kimanta ayyukan daga farawa zuwa ƙarshe. Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan ayyuka da matakai da nufin cimma takamaiman buƙatu a cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙuntatawa kamar lokaci, farashi, iyaka, inganci, da albarkatu.
Me yasa Gudanar da Ayyukan Yana da Muhimmanci?
Yana da wuya a ƙaryata mahimmancin gudanarwa a cikin ayyukan da ke taimakawa kowane aikin kasuwanci ya fi dacewa da inganci. Bari mu ga manyan fa'idodi guda uku na gudanar da ayyuka masu inganci.
Adana Lokaci Da Kudi
Kyakkyawar tsarin aiki ya ƙunshi tsarawa a hankali da rarraba albarkatu. Manajojin aikin suna tantance abubuwan da ake buƙata na aikin, gano abubuwan da ake buƙata, da rarraba su yadda ya kamata. Ta hanyar ƙididdige buƙatun albarkatu daidai da guje wa gama gari ko rashin amfani da su, masu gudanar da ayyukan suna haɓaka amfani da albarkatu, rage farashin da ba dole ba da adana lokaci.
Inganta Haɗin kai Da Sadarwa
Manajojin aikin suna ayyana da kuma sadar da bayyanannun ayyuka da nauyi ga membobin ƙungiyar. Kowane mutum ya fahimci takamaiman ayyukansa, abubuwan da za a iya bayarwa, da kuma wuraren da za a biya su. Wannan bayyananniyar yana rage rudani da ruɗewa, yana bawa membobin ƙungiyar damar yin aiki tare cikin sauƙi da inganci.
Rage Hatsari Da Matsaloli
Ayyuka a zahiri sun ƙunshi haɗari da rashin tabbas, waɗanda, idan ba a sarrafa su ba, na iya haifar da ƙalubale masu mahimmanci ko ma gazawa. Kyakkyawan gudanar da ayyukan yana jaddada haɗarin gano haɗari, ƙima, da dabarun ragewa. Ta hanyar tsinkaya da magance matsalolin da za a iya fuskanta tun da wuri, masu gudanar da ayyukan za su iya rage tasirin su kuma tabbatar da cewa ayyukan suna kan hanya, ko ma an kammala su kafin ranar da ake so.
A duba: Menene maigidan Scrum yake yi?
Menene Mahimman Matakai guda uku na Gudanar da Ayyuka?
Gudanar da ayyukan ya ƙunshi matakai uku: tsara ayyuka, tsara tsarin aiki, da sarrafa ayyuka. Anan akwai cikakkun bayanai na kowane lokaci.
Tsare-tsaren Ayyuka
Gudanarwa da tsara aikin suna farawa ne da tsarin tsarawa, inda aka ayyana manufofin aikin, maƙasudai, da iyawarsa. A wannan lokaci, masu gudanar da ayyuka suna aiki tare da masu ruwa da tsaki don fahimtar bukatunsu da tsammaninsu.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa akwai hanyoyi da yawa da ake amfani da su wajen tsara ayyuka, kuma ɗayan mafi inganci hanyoyin tsarawa shine tsarin rushewar aiki (WBS). An bayyana shi a matsayin tsari na rarraba aiki zuwa manyan sassansa (ko ayyuka), wanda sai a raba shi zuwa ƙarin cikakkun bayanai, kuma a ƙarshe zuwa jerin ayyuka da farashin da suka danganci su.
shafi: Duban idon tsuntsu na tsarin tsara aikin
Tsara Ayyuka
Jadawalin aikin yana nufin tsarin jeri da ba da lokaci ga duk ayyukan aikin. A wannan mataki, manajoji sun yanke shawarar tsawon lokacin da kowane aiki zai ɗauka da ƙididdige albarkatun da ake buƙata a kowane mataki na samarwa.
Za a iya taƙaita dalilan tsara tsarin aiki kamar haka:
- Nuna dangantakar kowane aiki ga wasu da kuma ga dukan aikin
- Ƙayyade tsari mai ma'ana da alaƙa tsakanin ayyuka
- Gudanar da kafa ingantaccen lokaci da kimanta farashi don kowane aiki
- Tabbatar da an yi amfani da mutane, kuɗi, da albarkatun kayan aiki da kyau ta hanyar gano maƙasudin ƙulla.
Ɗayan sanannen tsarin tsara aikin shine taswirar Gantt. Taswirar Gantt hanyoyi ne masu ƙarancin farashi waɗanda ke nufin taimakawa manajoji su tabbatar da cewa:
- An shirya ayyuka
- An rubuta odar aiki
- Ana yin rikodin ƙididdigar lokacin aiki
- An haɓaka lokacin aikin gabaɗaya.
shafi:
Gudanar da Ayyuka
Gudanar da aikin yana bayyana kusancin sarrafa albarkatu, farashi, inganci, da kasafin kuɗi. Sarrafa ayyukan na iya zama da wahala. Ba duk ayyukan da aka bayyana da kyau a farkon ba, wasu na iya zama marasa lafiya. Ayyuka yawanci suna samun ma'anarsu dalla-dalla bayan cikakken shiri na farko da cikakken ma'anar abubuwan da ake buƙata, albarkatun, matakai, da abubuwan da ake buƙata.
A cikin sarrafawa, akwai kalmar da ake kira Waterfall Methodology wanda ya ƙunshi tsari na jeri inda aikin ya mayar da hankali kan mataki-mataki kuma kowane lokaci ya ƙare kafin a ci gaba zuwa gaba. Manajan aikin da tawagar sun mayar da hankali kan tsarawa da aiwatar da lokaci ɗaya a lokaci guda, bin ƙayyadaddun jeri. Lokacin da aka san takura, canje-canje sun yi ƙanƙanta da za a iya sarrafa su ba tare da sake duba tsare-tsare ba.
Sabanin hanyar Waterfall, Hanyar Agile ya jaddada daidaici ko tsari tare da aiwatar da sassan aikin. An danganta shi da hanyoyin Agile kamar su Scrum dan Kanban. Maimakon kammala kowane lokaci kafin farawa na gaba, ƙungiyoyi suna aiki akan fannonin ayyuka da yawa a lokaci ɗaya, suna mai da hankali kan ƙarami na sake maimaitawa ko ƙarar lokaci. Akwai wuraren bincike da yawa da madaukai na amsa don bin diddigin ci gaba, waɗanda zasu iya tallafa muku don yin kimanta aikin daga baya.
A duba: Tsarin aikin da kuma Tsarin Aiki Aiki
Menene Dabarun Gudanar da Ayyukan: PERT da CPM
Dukansu Dabarun Binciken Shirin da Bita (PERT) da Hanyar Hanya Mai Mahimmanci (CPM) sanannun dabarun sarrafa ayyukan da ake amfani da su don tsarawa da tsara ayyukan, waɗanda ke raba abubuwan gama gari dangane da gabaɗayan tsarin matakai 6 kamar haka:
- Ƙayyade ayyukan aikin da ake buƙata don kammala aikin kuma shirya tsarin rushewar aikin
- Gano waɗanne ayyuka ne suka dogara ga wasu kuma kafa alaƙa mai ma'ana, kamar "ƙarshe-zuwa-fara" ko "farawa-farawa".
- Zana hanyar sadarwar da ke haɗa duk ayyukan ta amfani da nodes don wakiltar ayyuka da kibau don nuna kwarara da dogaro tsakanin su
- Yi ƙididdige tsawon lokacin kowane aiki da farashi
- Ƙayyade Hanyar Mahimmanci (mafi tsayin jerin ayyukan dogaro waɗanda ke ƙayyade mafi ƙarancin lokacin aikin)
- A duk tsawon aikin, ana lura da ci gaban da aka yi daidai da jadawalin, kuma ana yin gyare-gyare kamar yadda ake buƙata don tabbatar da kammalawa akan lokaci.
Menene fa'idodi da rashin amfanin PERT da CPM?
Akwai zargi game da PERT da CPM ko suna da mahimmanci ga gudanar da ayyuka. Anan akwai fa'idodi da iyakancewar fasahohin biyu:
| Abũbuwan amfãni | gazawar |
| - Suna samar da tsari mai tsari don tsara ayyuka, musamman don manyan ayyuka masu rikitarwa tare da ayyuka masu yawa. - Ta hanyar mayar da hankali kan ayyuka masu mahimmanci a cikin hanya mai mahimmanci, masu gudanar da aikin za su iya ba da fifiko ga albarkatu da ƙoƙari don tabbatar da kammala aikin lokaci. - Har ila yau, suna ba da tsari don lura da ci gaban aikin da kwatanta shi da jadawalin da aka tsara. | - Gano daidai da ƙididdige waɗannan abubuwan dogaro na iya zama ƙalubale - Ƙididdiga na lokaci a cikin gudanar da ayyukan sau da yawa na iya zama na yau da kullun da kuma tasiri ta hanyar abubuwa daban-daban, waɗanda ke haifar da haɗarin ƙididdige ƙididdigewa da yuwuwar rashin kuskure a cikin jadawalin aikin. - Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a sa ido sosai akan hanyoyin da ke kusa da su a cikin aikin. Yin watsi da waɗannan hanyoyi masu mahimmanci na iya haifar da haɗari na asali kuma yana iya haifar da yuwuwar jinkiri ko rushewa ga ɗaukacin lokacin aikin. |
Amfani da Software Management Software don Sarrafa Ayyuka
Menene mafi kyau aikin sarrafa software ? Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don kamfanoni don sarrafa ayyuka. Dangane da sikelin aikin, manajoji na iya yanke shawarar amfani da hanyoyin da aka tattauna a sama don gudanar da ƙananan ayyuka ko haɗa software na sarrafa ayyuka na musamman don manyan ayyuka masu rikitarwa.
Yana da kyau a gabatar da Microsoft Project, ɗaya daga cikin mashahurin software na musamman, wanda ke da matuƙar amfani wajen zana hanyoyin sadarwa, gano jadawalin aikin, da sarrafa farashin aiki da sauran albarkatu da yin kimanta aikin. Hakanan zaka iya la'akari da madadinsa kamar Asana, Trello, Jira, da software na sarrafa ayyukan Basecamp. Dukkansu software ne na sarrafa ayyukan da aka biya tare da gwaji kyauta na abubuwan ci gaba da yawa waɗanda zasu iya taimaka muku sarrafa ayyukanku da ƙungiyoyin ku yadda ya kamata.
shafi: Hanyoyi 10 don Amfani da Gudanar da Ayyukan Asana yadda ya kamata a cikin 2024 or Alternatives na Microsoft Project
Tambayoyin da
Menene ka'idodin zinariya guda 4 na gudanar da ayyuka?
Dokokin zinariya guda huɗu na gudanar da ayyuka sune: sadarwa mai kyau tare da abokin ciniki, haɓaka ingantaccen aiki, kiyaye alaƙar ɗabi'a tare da ƙungiyar, da tunawa cewa mutane suna ƙidaya.
Menene matakai 5 na gudanar da ayyuka?
Matakai na asali guda 5 na gudanar da ayyukan sun haɗa da: farawa, tsarawa, aiwatarwa, sarrafawa, da rufewa.
Menene nau'ikan gudanar da ayyuka guda 4?
Wasu nau'ikan hanyoyin gudanar da ayyukan gama gari sun ƙunshi: Waterfall, Agile, Scrum, da Hanyar Kanban.
Hanyoyi guda uku da suka shafi gudanar da manyan ayyuka sune...
Tsare-tsare kan yadda ake aiwatar da aikin, tsara tsari tare da tsarin lokaci da gudanar da aiwatarwa.
Kwayar
Kamar yadda muke iya gani, yana da kyau kowane kamfani ya saka hannun jari don haɓaka ƙwarewar gudanar da ayyuka. Ingantacciyar gudanar da aikin ba zai iya rasa ƙwararrun manajojin ayyuka da ƙungiyar manyan ayyuka ba. Akwai ƙwararrun kwasa-kwasan da yawa kuma horarwa na iya taimaka wa xaliban samun zurfafa da ilimi mai amfani game da gudanar da ayyuka. Idan kun kasance da tabbaci kuma kuna da isasshen shiri, me zai hana ku ɗauki ƙalubale daga SMEs, mafi girman daraja a duniya takardar shedar gudanar da ayyuka, rungumar al'ada, agile, da ra'ayoyin gauraye.
Koyaya, idan kuna son adana kuɗi, ɗaukar kwas ɗin sarrafa ayyukan Coursera kyauta shima babban ra'ayi ne. Ga Hr-ers, yin amfani da horo na musamman na iya haifar da kyakkyawan sakamako. Kuna iya tsara darussa masu jan hankali da AhaSlides gabatar kayan aiki, inda za ku iya samun samfura masu yawa da za a iya daidaita su kyauta na tambayoyi da wasanni tare da tasirin gabatarwa na musamman.
Ayyukan da aka ambata: Render, Barry, Heizer, Jay, Munson, Chuck. (2017). Gudanar da Ayyuka : dorewa da kuma Supply Sarkar Management 12th. Ed. (12 ed.).
Ref: Hadin | M. Laburare