What is Project Management? | All to Know in 2024
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Over centuries, San Francisco’s Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system, with 400,000 riders a day has been one of the most successful projects and Bechtel is the world's leading project manager of massive construction and engineering projects. This example is excellent evidence of how important effective project management is. The core of any project's success lies behind good project managers.
So, in this article, we'll explore what project management is, how it is important, and the best techniques to schedule, plan, control and evaluate a project.
Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- What is Project Management and Examples?
- Why is Project Management Important?
- What are the Three Key Stages of Project Management?
- What are Project Management Techniques: PERT and CPM
- Amfani da Software Management Software don Sarrafa Ayyuka
- Tambayoyin da
- Kwayar
Nasihu Don Ingantaccen Haɗin kai
Neman hanyar mu'amala don sarrafa aikin ku da kyau?.
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🚀 Ajiye Asusu Kyauta
What is Project Management and Examples?
Ayyuka wani bangare ne na rayuwar yau da kullum. Wataƙila muna shirin bikin aure ko bikin ranar haihuwa mai ban mamaki, sake gyara gida, ko shirya aikin aji na tsawon semester. Ana iya ambata manyan ayyuka kamar gina gada, ƙaura mazauna, samar da sabbin layin jiragen sama, da ƙari. Duk suna buƙatar gudanar da ayyuka.
Project management describes the systematic approach, methodologies, and practices used to schedule, plan, control, and evaluate projects from start to completion. It encompasses a wide range of activities and processes aimed at achieving specific goals within defined constraints such as time, cost, scope, quality, and resources.
Why is Project Management Important?
It is hard to deny the significance of management in projects which helps every project of the business run more efficiently and effectively. Let's go over the three main benefits of effective project management.
Adana Lokaci Da Kudi
Kyakkyawar tsarin aiki ya ƙunshi tsarawa a hankali da rarraba albarkatu. Manajojin aikin suna tantance abubuwan da ake buƙata na aikin, gano abubuwan da ake buƙata, da rarraba su yadda ya kamata. Ta hanyar ƙididdige buƙatun albarkatu daidai da guje wa gama gari ko rashin amfani da su, masu gudanar da ayyukan suna haɓaka amfani da albarkatu, rage farashin da ba dole ba da adana lokaci.
Inganta Haɗin kai Da Sadarwa
Manajojin aikin suna ayyana da kuma sadar da bayyanannun ayyuka da nauyi ga membobin ƙungiyar. Kowane mutum ya fahimci takamaiman ayyukansa, abubuwan da za a iya bayarwa, da kuma wuraren da za a biya su. Wannan bayyananniyar yana rage rudani da ruɗewa, yana bawa membobin ƙungiyar damar yin aiki tare cikin sauƙi da inganci.
Mitigate Risks And Issues
Ayyuka a zahiri sun ƙunshi haɗari da rashin tabbas, waɗanda, idan ba a sarrafa su ba, na iya haifar da ƙalubale masu mahimmanci ko ma gazawa. Kyakkyawan gudanar da ayyukan yana jaddada haɗarin gano haɗari, ƙima, da dabarun ragewa. Ta hanyar tsinkaya da magance matsalolin da za a iya fuskanta tun da wuri, masu gudanar da ayyukan za su iya rage tasirin su kuma tabbatar da cewa ayyukan suna kan hanya, ko ma an kammala su kafin ranar da ake so.
A duba: What does a Scrum master do?
What Are the Three Key Stages Of Project Management?
Gudanar da ayyukan ya ƙunshi matakai uku: tsara ayyuka, tsara tsarin aiki, da sarrafa ayyuka. Anan akwai cikakkun bayanai na kowane lokaci.
Tsare-tsaren Ayyuka
The management and organization of the project start with the planning phase, where the project goals, objectives, and scope are defined. During this phase, project managers work closely with stakeholders to understand their requirements and expectations.
It's crucial to note that there are several methods being used in project planning, and one of the most effective ways of planning is work breakdown structure (WBS). It is defined as a process of dividing a project into its major subcomponents (or tasks), which are then subdivided into more detailed components, and finally into a set of activities and their related costs.
shafi: A bird eye's view of the project planning process
Tsara Ayyuka
Jadawalin aikin yana nufin tsarin jeri da ba da lokaci ga duk ayyukan aikin. A wannan mataki, manajoji sun yanke shawarar tsawon lokacin da kowane aiki zai ɗauka da ƙididdige albarkatun da ake buƙata a kowane mataki na samarwa.
Za a iya taƙaita dalilan tsara tsarin aiki kamar haka:
- Nuna dangantakar kowane aiki ga wasu da kuma ga dukan aikin
- Ƙayyade tsari mai ma'ana da alaƙa tsakanin ayyuka
- Gudanar da kafa ingantaccen lokaci da kimanta farashi don kowane aiki
- Tabbatar da an yi amfani da mutane, kuɗi, da albarkatun kayan aiki da kyau ta hanyar gano maƙasudin ƙulla.
Ɗayan sanannen tsarin tsara aikin shine taswirar Gantt. Taswirar Gantt hanyoyi ne masu ƙarancin farashi waɗanda ke nufin taimakawa manajoji su tabbatar da cewa:
- An shirya ayyuka
- An rubuta odar aiki
- Ana yin rikodin ƙididdigar lokacin aiki
- An haɓaka lokacin aikin gabaɗaya.
shafi:
Gudanar da Ayyuka
The control of a project describes a close handling of resources, costs, quality, and budgets. Controlling projects can be difficult. Not all projects are well-defined at first, some may be ill-defined. Projects typically only become well-defined after detailed extensive initial planning and careful definition of required inputs, resources, processes, and outputs.
In controlling, there is a term called Waterfall Methodology which involves a sequential approach where the project focuses in a step-by-step manner and each phase is completed before moving on to the next. The project manager and team focus on planning and executing one phase at a time, following a predetermined sequence. When constraints are known, changes are small enough to be managed without substantially revising plans.
Sabanin hanyar Waterfall, Hanyar Agile ya jaddada daidaici ko tsari tare da aiwatar da sassan aikin. An danganta shi da hanyoyin Agile kamar su Scrum dan Kanban. Maimakon kammala kowane lokaci kafin farawa na gaba, ƙungiyoyi suna aiki akan fannonin ayyuka da yawa a lokaci ɗaya, suna mai da hankali kan ƙarami na sake maimaitawa ko ƙarar lokaci. Akwai wuraren bincike da yawa da madaukai na amsa don bin diddigin ci gaba, waɗanda zasu iya tallafa muku don yin kimanta aikin daga baya.
A duba: Tsarin aikin da kuma Tsarin Aiki Aiki
Menene Dabarun Gudanar da Ayyukan: PERT da CPM
Dukansu Dabarun Binciken Shirin da Bita (PERT) da Hanyar Hanya Mai Mahimmanci (CPM) sanannun dabarun sarrafa ayyukan da ake amfani da su don tsarawa da tsara ayyukan, waɗanda ke raba abubuwan gama gari dangane da gabaɗayan tsarin matakai 6 kamar haka:
- Ƙayyade ayyukan aikin da ake buƙata don kammala aikin kuma shirya tsarin rushewar aikin
- Identify which activities are dependent on others and establish logical relationships, such as "finish-to-start" or "start-to-start".
- Zana hanyar sadarwar da ke haɗa duk ayyukan ta amfani da nodes don wakiltar ayyuka da kibau don nuna kwarara da dogaro tsakanin su
- Estimate each activity's duration and cost
- Determine the Critical Path (the longest sequence of dependent activities that determines the project's minimum duration)
- A duk tsawon aikin, ana lura da ci gaban da aka yi daidai da jadawalin, kuma ana yin gyare-gyare kamar yadda ake buƙata don tabbatar da kammalawa akan lokaci.
Menene fa'idodi da rashin amfanin PERT da CPM?
Akwai zargi game da PERT da CPM ko suna da mahimmanci ga gudanar da ayyuka. Anan akwai fa'idodi da iyakancewar fasahohin biyu:
| Abũbuwan amfãni | gazawar |
| - They provide a systematic approach to project planning, particularly for large, complex projects with numerous activities. - By focusing on critical activities in a critical path, project managers can prioritize resources and efforts to ensure timely project completion. - They also offer a framework for monitoring project progress and comparing it against the planned schedule. |
- Accurately identifying and quantifying these dependencies can be challenging - Time estimates in project management can often be subjective and influenced by various factors, which lead to a risk of biased estimations and potential inaccuracies in the project timeline. - It is equally important to closely monitor the near-critical paths within the project. Neglecting these near-critical paths can pose inherent risks and may result in potential delays or disruptions to the project's overall timeline. |
Amfani da Software Management Software don Sarrafa Ayyuka
Menene mafi kyau aikin sarrafa software ? Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don kamfanoni don sarrafa ayyuka. Dangane da sikelin aikin, manajoji na iya yanke shawarar amfani da hanyoyin da aka tattauna a sama don gudanar da ƙananan ayyuka ko haɗa software na sarrafa ayyuka na musamman don manyan ayyuka masu rikitarwa.
Yana da kyau a gabatar da Microsoft Project, ɗaya daga cikin mashahurin software na musamman, wanda ke da matuƙar amfani wajen zana hanyoyin sadarwa, gano jadawalin aikin, da sarrafa farashin aiki da sauran albarkatu da yin kimanta aikin. Hakanan zaka iya la'akari da madadinsa such as Asana, Trello, Jira, and Basecamp project management software. They are all paid project management software with a free trial of many advanced features that can help you manage your projects and teams more effectively.
shafi: Hanyoyi 10 don Amfani da Gudanar da Ayyukan Asana yadda ya kamata a cikin 2024 or Alternatives na Microsoft Project
Tambayoyin da
Menene ka'idodin zinariya guda 4 na gudanar da ayyuka?
Dokokin zinariya guda huɗu na gudanar da ayyuka sune: sadarwa mai kyau tare da abokin ciniki, haɓaka ingantaccen aiki, kiyaye alaƙar ɗabi'a tare da ƙungiyar, da tunawa cewa mutane suna ƙidaya.
Menene matakai 5 na gudanar da ayyuka?
Matakai na asali guda 5 na gudanar da ayyukan sun haɗa da: farawa, tsarawa, aiwatarwa, sarrafawa, da rufewa.
Menene nau'ikan gudanar da ayyuka guda 4?
Wasu nau'ikan hanyoyin gudanar da ayyukan gama gari sun ƙunshi: Waterfall, Agile, Scrum, da Hanyar Kanban.
Three phases involved in the management of large projects are...
Tsare-tsare kan yadda ake aiwatar da aikin, tsara tsari tare da tsarin lokaci da gudanar da aiwatarwa.
Kwayar
Kamar yadda muke iya gani, yana da kyau kowane kamfani ya saka hannun jari don haɓaka ƙwarewar gudanar da ayyuka. Ingantacciyar gudanar da aikin ba zai iya rasa ƙwararrun manajojin ayyuka da ƙungiyar manyan ayyuka ba. Akwai ƙwararrun kwasa-kwasan da yawa kuma horarwa na iya taimaka wa xaliban samun zurfafa da ilimi mai amfani game da gudanar da ayyuka. Idan kun kasance da tabbaci kuma kuna da isasshen shiri, me zai hana ku ɗauki ƙalubale daga SMEs, the world's most appreciated project management certification, embracing traditional, agile, and hybrid concepts.
Koyaya, idan kuna son adana kuɗi, ɗaukar kwas ɗin sarrafa ayyukan Coursera kyauta shima babban ra'ayi ne. Ga Hr-ers, yin amfani da horo na musamman na iya haifar da kyakkyawan sakamako. Kuna iya tsara darussa masu jan hankali da Gabatarwar AhaSlides kayan aiki, inda za ku iya samun samfura masu yawa da za a iya daidaita su kyauta na tambayoyi da wasanni tare da tasirin gabatarwa na musamman.
Ayyukan da aka ambata: Render, Barry, Heizer, Jay, Munson, Chuck. (2017). Gudanar da Ayyuka : dorewa da kuma Supply Sarkar Management 12th. Ed. (12 ed.).
Ref: Hadin | M. Laburare