Ko kuna sarrafa ayyuka, gudanar da kasuwanci, ko aiki a matsayin mai zaman kansa, aikin yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka haɓakar ƙirar kasuwancin ku. Yana ba da tsari mai tsari da tsari don tantance ayyukan aikin, nuna wuraren da ke buƙatar haɓakawa, da cimma sakamako mafi kyau. 

a cikin wannan blog Bayan haka, za mu zurfafa cikin kimanta aikin, gano ma'anarsa, fa'idodi, mahimman abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, nau'ikan, misalan kimanta aikin, rahoton ƙima bayan ƙima, da ƙirƙirar tsarin kimanta aikin.

Bari mu bincika yadda kimanta aikin zai iya ɗaukar kasuwancin ku zuwa sabon matsayi.

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Menene Kima Aikin?

Ƙimar aikin ita ce tantance ayyukan aikin, tasiri, da sakamakonsa. Ya ƙunshi bayanai don ganin ko aikin yana nazarin manufofinsa kuma ya cika ka'idojin nasara. 

Ƙimar aikin ya wuce kawai auna kayan aiki da abubuwan da za a iya bayarwa; yana nazarin tasiri da kimar da aikin ya haifar.

Ta hanyar koyo daga abin da ya yi aiki da wanda bai yi aiki ba, ƙungiyoyi za su iya inganta shirinsu da yin canje-canje don samun sakamako mai kyau a gaba. Yana kama da komawa baya don ganin babban hoto da gano yadda za a ƙara samun nasara.

Amfanin Ƙimar Aikin

Ƙimar aikin tana ba da fa'idodi da yawa waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga nasara da haɓaka ƙungiya, gami da:

Hoto: freepik

Muhimman Abubuwan Tattalin Arziki

1/ Bayyana Manufofi da Ma'aunai

Ƙimar aikin yana farawa tare da kafa maƙasudai da ma'auni don auna nasara. Waɗannan manufofi da sharuɗɗa suna ba da tsari don kimantawa da tabbatar da daidaitawa tare da manufofin aikin.

Ga wasu misalan shirin kimanta aikin da tambayoyi waɗanda zasu iya taimakawa wajen ayyana maƙasudai da ma'auni masu ma'ana:

Tambayoyi don Bayyana Manufofin Manufofin:

  1. Wane takamaiman buri ne muke son cimmawa da wannan aikin?
  2. Wadanne sakamako masu aunawa ko sakamako muke nema?
  3. Ta yaya za mu iya ƙididdige nasara ga wannan aikin?
  4. Shin makasudin gaskiya ne kuma ana iya cimma su a cikin albarkatun da aka ba su da lokacin?
  5. Shin makasudin sun yi daidai da manyan manufofin kungiyar?

Misalai na Ma'auni:

  1. Amfani da kuɗi: Ƙimar idan an kammala aikin a cikin kasafin kuɗin da aka keɓe kuma an kawo darajar kuɗi.
  2. tafiyar lokaci: Tattaunawa idan an kammala aikin a cikin jadawalin da aka tsara kuma ya sami ci gaba.
  3. Quality: Binciken ko abubuwan da ake iya aiwatarwa da sakamakon aikin sun cika ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodi.
  4. Gamsar da masu ruwa da tsaki: Tara martani daga masu ruwa da tsaki don auna matakin gamsuwarsu da sakamakon aikin.
  5. Imfani: Auna mafi girman tasirin aikin akan ƙungiya, abokan ciniki, da al'umma.

2/ Tarin Bayanai da Nazari

Ƙimar aikin mai inganci ya dogara ne akan tattara bayanai masu dacewa don tantance aikin aikin. Wannan ya haɗa da tattara bayanai masu ƙididdigewa da ƙididdiga ta hanyoyi daban-daban kamar su safiyo, tambayoyi, dubawa, da nazarin takardu. 

Sannan ana nazarin bayanan da aka tattara don samun haske game da ƙarfin aikin, rauninsa, da aikin gaba ɗaya. Ga wasu misalai na tambayoyi lokacin shirya tattarawa da tantance bayanai:

3/ Ma'aunin Aiki

Ma'aunin aiki ya ƙunshi tantance ci gaban aikin, abubuwan da aka fitar, da sakamakonsa game da kafaffun maƙasudai da ma'auni. Ya haɗa da bin diddigin mahimman alamun aiki (KPIs) da kuma kimanta yadda aikin ya bi jadawali, kasafin kuɗi, ƙa'idodin inganci, da buƙatun masu ruwa da tsaki.

4/ Huldar masu ruwa da tsaki

Masu ruwa da tsaki su ne daidaikun mutane ko kungiyoyi wadanda aikin ya shafa kai tsaye ko a kaikaice ko kuma suna da matukar sha'awar sakamakonsa. Suna iya haɗawa da masu tallafawa aikin, membobin ƙungiyar, masu amfani na ƙarshe, abokan ciniki, membobin al'umma, da sauran abubuwan da suka dace. 

Shigar da masu ruwa da tsaki a cikin tsarin tantance aikin na nufin shigar da su da neman ra'ayoyinsu, ra'ayoyinsu, da fahimtarsu. Ta hanyar shigar da masu ruwa da tsaki, ana la'akari da ra'ayoyinsu da gogewa daban-daban, tare da tabbatar da ingantaccen kimantawa.

5/ Rahoto da Sadarwa

Maɓalli na ƙarshe na kimanta aikin shine bayar da rahoto da sadarwa na sakamakon kimantawa. Wannan ya ƙunshi shirya cikakken rahoton kimantawa wanda ke gabatar da bincike, ƙarshe, da shawarwari. 

Ingantacciyar hanyar sadarwa ta sakamakon kimantawa tana tabbatar da cewa an sanar da masu ruwa da tsaki game da ayyukan aikin, darussan da aka koya, da kuma wuraren da za a iya ingantawa.

Hoto: freepik

Nau'in Ƙimar Aikin

Gabaɗaya akwai manyan nau'ikan kimanta aikin guda huɗu:

#1 - Ƙimar Ayyuka

Wannan nau'in kimantawa yana mai da hankali ne kan tantance ayyukan aiki ta fuskar riko da shi tsare-tsaren ayyuka, jadawali, kasafin kuɗi, da kuma matsayi mai kyau

Yana nazarin ko aikin yana cimma manufofinsa, yana fitar da abubuwan da aka yi niyya, da kuma amfani da albarkatun yadda ya kamata.

#2 - Ƙimar Sakamako

Ƙimar sakamako tana tantance babban tasiri da sakamakon aikin. Yana kallon bayan abubuwan da aka fitar nan da nan kuma yana nazarin sakamako na dogon lokaci da fa'idodin da aikin ya haifar. 

Wannan nau'in kimantawa yana la'akari da ko aikin ya cimma nasa burin da ake so, halitta canje-canje masu kyau, kuma ya ba da gudummawa tasirin da ake nufi.

#3 - Ƙimar Tsari

Ƙimar tsari yana nazarin tasiri da ingancin tsarin aiwatar da aikin. Yana kimanta gudanar da aikin dabarun, hanyoyin, Da kuma hanyoyi amfani da shi don aiwatar da aikin. 

Wannan nau'in kimantawa yana mai da hankali kan gano wuraren da za a inganta a cikin tsara ayyuka, aiwatarwa, daidaitawa, da sadarwa.

#4 - Tasiri Tasiri

Tasirin kimantawa ya wuce fiye da kimanta sakamakon da nufin tantance aikin dangantaka mai haddasawa tare da canje-canjen da aka lura ko tasiri. 

Yana neman fahimtar iyakar abin da za a iya danganta aikin ga sakamakon da aka samu da tasiri, la'akari da abubuwan waje da yiwuwar bayani.

* Note: Ana iya haɗa waɗannan nau'ikan kimantawa ko daidaita su don dacewa da takamaiman buƙatu da mahallin aikin. 

Misalan Ƙimar Aikin

Misalai daban-daban na kimanta aikin sune kamar haka:

#1 - Ƙimar Ayyuka 

Aikin gine-gine yana nufin kammala ginin a cikin ƙayyadadden lokaci da kasafin kuɗi. Ƙimar aiki zai tantance ci gaban aikin, riko da jadawalin gini, ingancin aiki, da kuma amfani da albarkatun. 

bangarenMa'auni/Mai nuna alamaAn shiryaActualsãɓã wa jũna
Jadawalin GinaAbubuwan da aka cimma[Abubuwan da aka tsara][Ainihin abubuwan tarihi][Bambanci a cikin kwanaki]
Ingancin AikiBinciken yanar gizo[Binciken da aka tsara][Ainihin dubawa][Bambancin cikin ƙidaya]
Amfani da AlbarkatuAmfani da kasafin kuɗi[Kudiddigar da aka tsara][Kudaden gaske][Bambancin adadin]

#2 - Ƙimar Sakamako

Ƙungiya mai zaman kanta tana aiwatar da aikin ci gaban al'umma game da inganta ƙimar karatu a yankunan da ba su da galihu. Ƙimar sakamako zai ƙunshi tantance matakan karatu, halartar makaranta, da haɗin gwiwar al'umma. 

bangarenMa'auni/Mai nuna alamaKafin shiga tsakaniBayan TsangwamaCanji/Tasiri
Matakan KaratuKima karatu[Makin kima kafin kima][Maki-kiman bayan kima][Canja maki]
Halartar MakarantaBayanan halartar[Halartar gabanin shiga tsakani][Halartar bayan shiga tsakani][Canja wurin halarta]
Ƙungiyoyin Al'ummaBincike ko tsokaci[Maganin riga-kafi][Bayanin shiga tsakani][Canja cikin haɗin gwiwa]

#3 - Tsari Tsari - Misalan Ƙimar Aikin

Aikin IT ya ƙunshi aiwatar da sabon tsarin software a cikin sassan kamfani. Ƙimar tsari zai bincika matakai da ayyukan aiwatar da aikin.

bangarenMa'auni/Mai nuna alamaAn shiryaActualsãɓã wa jũna
Tsare-tsaren AyyukaShirye-shiryen riko[Tsarin riko][Ainihin riko][Bambancin kashi]
sadarwaJawabi daga membobin kungiyar[Maganar da aka tsara][Ainihin ra'ayi][Bambancin cikin ƙidaya]
TrainingKimanta zaman horo[Kimanin da aka tsara][Ainihin kimantawa][Bambanci a cikin rating]
Canja CanjaCanja rates tallafi[Tsarin tallafi][Ainihin tallafi][Bambancin kashi]

#4 - Tasiri Tasiri

Wani yunƙuri na kiwon lafiyar jama'a yana da nufin rage yaduwar wata cuta a cikin al'ummar da aka yi niyya. Tasirin tasirin zai tantance gudunmawar aikin don rage yawan cututtuka da inganta sakamakon lafiyar al'umma.

bangarenMa'auni/Mai nuna alamaKafin shiga tsakaniBayan TsangwamaTasiri
Yaduwar CutaBayanan lafiya[Kafin shiga tsakani][Bayan shiga tsakani][Canja cikin yaduwa]
Sakamakon Lafiyar Al'ummaBincike ko kimantawa[Sakamakon riga-kafi][Sakamakon sa baki][Canja cikin sakamako]
Hoto: freepik

Mataki-mataki Don Ƙirƙirar Ƙimar Ayyuka

Anan akwai jagorar mataki-mataki don taimaka muku ƙirƙirar kimanta aikin:

1/ ayyana Manufa da Manufa

2/ Gano Ma'auni da Ma'auni

3/Tsarin Hanyoyin Tattara Bayanai

4/ Tara Data

5/ Nazari Bayanai

Da zarar an tattara bayanan, bincika shi don samun fahimta mai ma'ana. Kuna iya amfani da kayan aiki da dabaru don fassara bayanai da gano alamu, abubuwan da ke faruwa, da mahimman binciken. Tabbatar cewa bincike ya yi daidai da ka'idojin kimantawa da makasudi.

6/ Zana Ƙarshe da Ba da Shawarwari

7/ Sadar da Raba Sakamakon 

Bayan kimantawa (Rahoto) 

Idan kun kammala aikin kimantawa, lokaci ya yi da za a ba da rahoto na gaba don samar da cikakken bayani game da tsarin kimantawa, sakamakonsa, da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi ayyukan. 

Misalan Ƙimar Aikin
Misalan Ƙimar Aikin

Ga abubuwan da kuke buƙatar kiyayewa don bayar da rahoto bayan kimantawa:

Samfuran Ƙimar Aikin

Anan ga samfuran kimanta aikin gabaɗaya. Kuna iya keɓance shi bisa takamaiman aikinku da buƙatun kimantawa:

Gabatarwa:
- Bayanin Ayyuka: [...]
- Manufar kimantawa:[...]

Ma'auni na kimantawa:
- Bayyana Manufofin:
- Maɓallin Ayyuka Maɓalli (KPIs):[...]
- Tambayoyin kimantawa:[...]

Tarin Bayanai da Bincike:
- Tushen Bayanai:[...]
- Hanyoyin tattara bayanai:[...]
- Dabarun Binciken Bayanai: [...]

Abubuwan Kima:
a. Ƙimar Ayyuka:
- Tantance ci gaban aikin, riko da jadawali, ingancin aiki, da amfani da albarkatu.
- Kwatanta ainihin nasarorin da aka cimma a kan matakan da aka tsara, gudanar da binciken wuraren, da kuma duba rahotannin kuɗi.

b. Ƙimar Sakamako:
- Auna tasirin aikin akan sakamakon da ake so da fa'idodin.
- Auna canje-canje a cikin alamun da suka dace, gudanar da bincike ko kimantawa, da kuma nazarin bayanai don tantance tasirin aikin.

c. Ƙimar Tsari:
- Yi nazarin matakai da ayyukan aiwatar da aikin.
- Tantance tsare-tsaren ayyuka, sadarwa, horarwa, da dabarun gudanarwa na canji.

d. Haɗin gwiwar masu ruwa da tsaki:
- Haɗa masu ruwa da tsaki a duk lokacin aikin tantancewa.
- Tattara ra'ayoyin, shigar da masu ruwa da tsaki a cikin bincike ko tambayoyi, da la'akari da ra'ayoyinsu da tsammaninsu.

e. Ƙimar Tasiri:
- Ƙayyade gudunmawar aikin ga manyan canje-canje ko tasiri.
- Tattara bayanai kan alamun riga-kafi da kuma bayan shiga tsakani, bincika bayanan, da auna tasirin aikin.

Rahoto da Shawarwari:
- Sakamakon Kima:[...]
- Shawarwari:[...]
- Koyon Darussan:[...]

Kammalawa:
- Maimaita babban binciken da ƙarshe na kimantawa.
- Nanata mahimmancin yin amfani da hangen nesa na kimantawa don yanke shawara da ingantawa nan gaba.

Maɓallin Takeaways 

Ƙimar aikin wani tsari ne mai mahimmanci wanda ke taimakawa wajen tantance aiki, sakamako, da ingancin aikin. Yana ba da bayanai masu mahimmanci game da abin da ya yi aiki da kyau, wuraren ingantawa, da darussan da aka koya. 

Kuma kar a manta AhaSlides taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin tantancewa. Mun bayar samfuran da aka riga aka yi tare da fasali na hulɗa, wanda za a iya amfani da shi don tattara bayanai, fahimta da kuma shiga masu ruwa da tsaki! Bari mu bincika!

Tambayoyin da

Menene nau'ikan kimanta aikin guda 4?

Ƙimar Ayyuka, Ƙimar Sakamako, Ƙimar Tsari da Tasirin Tasiri.

Menene matakai a cikin aikin kimantawa?

Anan akwai matakai don taimaka muku ƙirƙirar kimanta aikin:
Ƙayyade Makasudi da Makasudi
Gano Ma'auni da Ma'auni
Shirye-shiryen Tarin Bayanai
Tattara Bayanai da Nazartar Bayanai
Zana Ƙarshe kuma Yi Shawarwari
Sadarwa da Raba Sakamakon

Menene abubuwa 5 na kimantawa a cikin sarrafa ayyukan?

Bayyana Manufofin da Ma'auni
Tattara bayanai da nazari
Ma'aunin Aiki
Shigowar masu ruwa da tsaki
Rahoto da Sadarwa

Ref: Project Manager | Al'ummar Eva | AHRQ