Gịnị bụ Project Management? | Ihe niile ịmara na 2025
Na-eri mmiri n'oge ngwụcha? Ọ na-adị gị ka ike gwụ gị? Nna-ukwu Njikwa ọrụ ma gbanwee ụzọ ị na-arụ ọrụ.
N'ime narị afọ gara aga, San Francisco's Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) usoro, yana ndị na-agba ịnyịnya 400,000 kwa ụbọchị bụ otu n'ime ọrụ kacha aga nke ọma na Bechtel bụ onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ ngo n'ụwa nke nnukwu ihe owuwu na injinịa. Ihe atụ a bụ ezigbo ihe akaebe na-egosi na njikwa ọrụ dị irè dị. Isi ihe na-aga nke ọma ọrụ ọ bụla dị n'azụ ezigbo ndị njikwa ọrụ.
Ya mere, n'isiokwu a, anyị ga-enyocha ihe njikwa ọrụ bụ, otu o si dị mkpa, na usoro kachasị mma maka ịhazi, ịhazi, ịchịkwa na nyochaa ọrụ.
Kedu ihe bụ njikwa ọrụ na ihe atụ?
Ọrụ bụ akụkụ nkịtị nke ndụ anyị kwa ụbọchị. Anyị nwere ike na-eme atụmatụ agbamakwụkwọ ma ọ bụ mmemme ncheta ụbọchị ọmụmụ, na-achọgharị ụlọ, ma ọ bụ na-akwado ọrụ klaasị ogologo ọkara ọkara. Enwere ike ịkpọ nnukwu ọrụ dị ka ịrụ àkwà mmiri, ịkwaga ndị bi, imepụta ahịrị ụgbọ elu ọhụrụ, na ihe ndị ọzọ. Ha niile chọrọ njikwa oru ngo.
Nlekọta oru ngo na-akọwa usoro nhazi, usoro, na omume ndị a na-eji hazie, hazie, jikwaa, na nyochaa ọrụ site na mmalite ruo na mmecha. Ọ gụnyere ọtụtụ mmemme na usoro ebumnuche iji nweta ebumnuche akọwapụtara n'ime mmachi akọwapụtara dị ka oge, ọnụ ahịa, oke, ịdịmma na akụrụngwa.
Kedu ihe kpatara njikwa ọrụ ji dị mkpa?
O siri ike ịgọnarị mkpa njikwa na oru ngo nke na-enyere aka ọrụ ọ bụla nke azụmahịa na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na nke ọma. Ka anyị lelee uru atọ dị na njikwa ọrụ dị irè.
Chekwaa oge na ego
Ezi nhazi oru ngo gụnyere nhazi nke ọma na ikenye ihe onwunwe. Ndị na-ahụ maka ọrụ na-enyocha ihe achọrọ, chọpụta akụrụngwa ndị dị mkpa, wee kenye ha nke ọma. Site n'ịtụle mkpa akụ nke ọma na izere mkpokọta ma ọ bụ ejighi ya eme ihe, ndị na-ahụ maka ọrụ na-ebuli ojiji akụrụngwa, na-ebelata ụgwọ ndị na-adịghị mkpa yana ịchekwa oge.
Melite mmekorita na nzikọrịta ozi
Ndị na-ahụ maka ọrụ na-akọwapụta ma na-agwa ndị otu otu ọrụ na ọrụ doro anya. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha na-aghọta kpọmkwem ọrụ ha, ihe ndị a ga-ewepụta, na ebe a ga-aza ajụjụ. Nke a doro anya na-ebelata mgbagwoju anya na ndakọrịta, na-enye ndị otu otu aka ịrụkọ ọrụ ọnụ nke ọma na nke ọma.
Mbelata ihe egwu na nsogbu
Ihe omume na-agụnye ihe egwu na ejighị n'aka, nke, ọ bụrụ na a naghị ejikwa ya, nwere ike ibute nnukwu ihe ịma aka ma ọ bụ ọbụna ọdịda. Ezi njikwa oru ngo na-emesi njirimara, nleba anya na atụmatụ mbelata ihe ize ndụ. Site n'ịtụ anya na ịza ajụjụ ndị nwere ike ịmalite n'oge, ndị na-ahụ maka ọrụ nwere ike ibelata mmetụta ha ma hụ na oru ngo na-aga n'ihu, ma ọ bụ ọbụna mechaa tupu ụbọchị a chọrọ.
Kedu ihe bụ isi usoro atọ nke njikwa oru ngo?
Nlekọta nke oru ngo na-agụnye akụkụ atọ: nhazi atụmatụ, nhazi ọrụ, na njikwa ọrụ. Nke a bụ nkọwa nke usoro nke ọ bụla.
Nhazi oru ngo
Nlekọta na nhazi nke oru ngo na-amalite site na nhazi nhazi, ebe a na-akọwapụta ebumnuche, ebumnobi na oke ọrụ. N'ime oge a, ndị na-ahụ maka ọrụ na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na ndị na-eme ihe iji ghọta ihe ha chọrọ na atụmanya ha.
Ọ dị mkpa iburu n'obi na e nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ a na-eji na-eme atụmatụ ọrụ, na otu n'ime ụzọ kachasị dị irè isi mee atụmatụ bụ usoro mmebi ọrụ (WBS). A kọwapụtara ya dị ka usoro nke ikewa ọrụ n'ime akụkụ ya ndị bụ isi (ma ọ bụ ọrụ), nke a na-ekewa ya na akụkụ zuru ezu karị, na n'ikpeazụ n'ime usoro ihe omume na ụgwọ ndị metụtara ya.
Usoro nhazi oru ngo
Nhazi oge oru ngo na-ezo aka na usoro nke usoro na ikenye oge maka mmemme niile. N'oge a, ndị njikwa na-ekpebi ogologo oge ọrụ ọ bụla ga-ewe ma gbakọọ ihe onwunwe achọrọ na ọkwa ọ bụla nke mmepụta.
Enwere ike ịchịkọta ebumnuche nke nhazi oge ọrụ dịka ndị a:
- Na-egosi mmekọrịta nke ọrụ ọ bụla na ndị ọzọ na ọrụ dum
- Ịchọpụta usoro ezi uche dị na ya na njikọ dị n'etiti mmemme
- Ịkwado nguzobe nke ezigbo oge na atụmatụ ọnụ ahịa maka ọrụ ọ bụla
- Ịhụ na a na-eji ndị mmadụ, ego na ihe onwunwe eme ihe nke ọma site n'ịchọpụta ihe mgbochi dị egwu.
Otu ụzọ nhazi usoro ọrụ ama ama bụ eserese Gantt. Chaatị Gantt bụ ụzọ dị ọnụ ala nke chọrọ inyere ndị njikwa aka ijide n'aka na:
- A na-eme atụmatụ mmemme
- A na-edekọ usoro arụmọrụ
- A na-edekọ atụmatụ oge mmemme
- A na-emepụta oge ọrụ n'ozuzu ya.
Njikwa oru ngo
Njikwa nke oru ngo na-akọwa njikwa akụrụngwa, ọnụ ahịa, ịdịmma na mmefu ego. Ịchịkwa ọrụ nwere ike isi ike. Ọ bụghị ọrụ niile ka akọwapụtara nke ọma na mbụ, ụfọdụ nwere ike ịkọwapụta nke ọma. A na-akọwapụtakwa ọrụ niile nke ọma naanị ka emechara atụmatụ izizi zuru oke yana nkọwa nke ọma maka ntinye, akụrụngwa, usoro na nsonaazụ achọrọ.
N'ịchịkwa, e nwere okwu akpọrọ Waterfall Methodology nke gụnyere usoro usoro ebe ọrụ ahụ na-elekwasị anya n'usoro site na nzọụkwụ na nke ọ bụla agwụla tupu ọ gawa na nke ọzọ. Onye njikwa oru ngo na ndị otu na-elekwasị anya na ịhazi na ime otu akụkụ n'otu oge, na-agbaso usoro a kara aka. Mgbe amaara ihe mgbochi, mgbanwe dị ntakịrị nke a ga-ejikwa na-enweghị ntughari atụmatụ.
In contrast to Waterfall methodology, Agile Methodology emphasizes parallel or simultaneous planning and execution of project components. It is commonly associated with Agile methodologies such as Scrum na Kanban. Kama imecha usoro nke ọ bụla tupu ịmalite nke na-esote, ndị otu na-arụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ akụkụ oru ngo n'otu oge, na-elekwasị anya na ntanye ntanye ma ọ bụ ntinye oge. Enwere ọtụtụ ebe nlele na loops nzaghachi iji soro ọganihu, nke nwere ike ịkwado gị ịme nyocha ọrụ ma emechaa.
Kedu ihe bụ usoro njikwa ọrụ: PERT na CPM
Both the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and Critical Path Method (CPM) are well-known project management techniques used to plan and schedule activities, which share commonalities in terms of the overall process of 6 steps as follows:
- Kọwaa ihe omume oru ngo a chọrọ iji wuchaa ọrụ ahụ ma kwadebe usoro mmebi ọrụ
- Chọpụta mmemme ndị dabere na ndị ọzọ wee guzobe mmekọrịta ezi uche dị na ya, dị ka “ịmalite-mmalite” ma ọ bụ “mmalite-mmalite”.
- See netwọk na-ejikọta ihe omume niile site na iji ọnụ iji gosipụta mmemme na akụ iji gosi ọsọ na ịdabere n'etiti ha.
- Tụlee ogologo oge na ọnụ ahịa mmemme ọ bụla
- Kpebie ụzọ dị egwu (usoro kachasị ogologo nke mmemme dabere na-ekpebi oge kacha nta nke ọrụ ahụ)
- N'ime ọrụ a niile, a na-enyocha ọganihu megide usoro ihe omume, a na-eme mgbanwe dịka ọ dị mkpa iji hụ na emecha ya n'oge.
Kedu uru na ọghọm dị na PERT na CPM?
There is a critique about PERT and CPM whether they are important to project management. Here are the benefits and limitations of the two techniques:
| uru | -agaghị emeli |
| - Ha na-enye usoro nhazi usoro nhazi atụmatụ, karịsịa maka nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ. - Site n'ilekwasị anya na ihe omume dị oke mkpa n'ụzọ dị oke mkpa, ndị na-ahụ maka ọrụ nwere ike ibute ihe onwunwe na mbọ iji hụ na mmecha ọrụ n'oge. - Ha na-enyekwa usoro maka nyochaa ọganihu oru ngo ma jiri ya tụnyere usoro nhazi. | - Ịmata nke ọma na ịgụta ihe ndabere ndị a nwere ike bụrụ ihe ịma aka - Atụmatụ oge na njikwa oru ngo nwere ike bụrụ nke a na-ahụ anya na ihe dị iche iche na-emetụta ya, nke na-eduga n'ihe ize ndụ nke nleba anya na-ezighị ezi na enweghị ike na-ezighị ezi na usoro iheomume. - Ọ dịkwa mkpa iji nlezianya nyochaa ụzọ ndị dị nso dị mkpa n'ime ọrụ ahụ. Ileghara ụzọ ndị a dị nso dị oke egwu nwere ike ibute ihe egwu dị na ya ma nwee ike bute igbu oge ma ọ bụ mebie n'usoro iheomume n'ozuzu ya. |
Iji Project Management Software jikwaa oru ngo
What is the best project management software ? There are several options for companies to manage projects. Depending on the scale of a project, managers can decide to use above-discussed approaches to manage small projects or incorporate specialized project management software for large and complex projects.
It is worth introducing Microsoft Project, one of the most popular specialized software, which is extremely useful in drawing project networks, identifying the project schedule, and managing project costs and other resources and do project evaluation. You also can consider its alternatives such as Asana, Trello, Jira, and Basecamp project management software. They are all paid project management software with a free trial of many advanced features that can help you manage your projects and teams more effectively.
Ọtụtụ mgbe Ẹbụp Ajụjụ
Kedu iwu ọla edo 4 nke njikwa oru ngo?
Iwu ọla edo anọ nke njikwa oru ngo bụ: nkwurịta okwu kwesịrị ekwesị na onye ahịa, ịmepụta ọrụ zuru oke, idobe mmekọrịta ziri ezi na nzukọ, na icheta na ndị mmadụ na-agụta.
What are the five stages of project management?
The 5 basic stages of project management include: initiation, planning, execution, controlling, and closure.
Kedu ụdị njikwa ọrụ 4 dị?
Some common types of project management approaches consist of Waterfall, Agile, Scrum, and Kanban methods.
Three phases are involved in the management of large projects:
Na-eme atụmatụ maka otu esi emejuputa oru ngo, nhazi usoro na usoro iheomume na njikwa mmezu.
Bottom Line
As we can see, it is worthwhile for every company to invest in enhancing project management skills. Effective project management cannot lack resourceful project managers and a high-performance team. There are many certified courses and training that can help learners get deeper and more useful knowledge about project management. If you are confident and well-prepared enough, why not take a challenge from PMI, the world's most appreciated project management certification, embracing traditional, agile, and hybrid concepts?
However, if you want to save money, taking a free Coursera project management course is also a great idea. For HR-ers, using customized training can also lead to better outcomes. You can design engaging lessons with the AhaSlides ngosi mmekọrịta ngwá ọrụ, ebe ị nwere ike ịhụ ọtụtụ ndebiri free customizable nke mkparịta ụka ajụjụ na egwuregwu tinyere pụrụ iche ngosi mmetụta.
Ọrụ e zoro aka na ya: Render, Barry, Heizer, Jay, Munson, Chuck. (2017). Ọrụ Njikwa: nkwado na Njikwa njikọ mbufe 12th. Ed. (Nkeji 12 Ed.).
Ref: Mmekọrịta ọrụ | M. Library