Apa Manajemen Proyek? | Kabeh Ngerti ing 2024

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Over centuries, San Francisco’s Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system, with 400,000 riders a day has been one of the most successful projects and Bechtel is the world's leading project manager of massive construction and engineering projects. This example is excellent evidence of how important effective project management is. The core of any project's success lies behind good project managers.

Dadi, ing artikel iki, kita bakal njelajah apa manajemen proyek, kepiye pentinge, lan teknik paling apik kanggo gawe jadwal, ngrancang, ngontrol lan ngevaluasi proyek. 

Bab lan Paragraf

• What is Project Management and Examples?
• Why is Project Management Important?
  • Ngirit wektu lan dhuwit
  • Ngapikake Kolaborasi lan Komunikasi
  • Mitigate Risks And Issues
• What are the Three Key Stages of Project Management?
  • Perencanaan Proyek
  • Penjadwalan Proyek
  • Kontrol Proyek
• What are Project Management Techniques: PERT and CPM
• Nggunakake Piranti Lunak Manajemen Proyek kanggo Ngatur Proyek
• Pitakonan Paling Sering
• Line ngisor

Tips Kanggo Engagement Luwih

• Pengembangan pribadi
• Manajemen Kinerja

What is Project Management and Examples?

Proyek minangka bagean umum saka urip saben dina. Kita bisa uga ngrancang pesta ulang tahun utawa pesta ulang tahun sing kaget, dekorasi omah, utawa nyiapake proyek kelas semester. Proyek sing luwih gedhe bisa disebutake kayata mbangun jembatan, mindhah warga, ngasilake jalur pesawat anyar, lan liya-liyane. Kabeh mau butuh manajemen proyek. 

Project management describes the systematic approach, methodologies, and practices used to schedule, plan, control, and evaluate projects from start to completion. It encompasses a wide range of activities and processes aimed at achieving specific goals within defined constraints such as time, cost, scope, quality, and resources.

Why is Project Management Important?

It is hard to deny the significance of management in projects which helps every project of the business run more efficiently and effectively. Let's go over the three main benefits of effective project management.

Ngirit wektu lan dhuwit

Organisasi proyek sing apik mbutuhake perencanaan sing ati-ati lan alokasi sumber daya. Manajer proyek netepake syarat proyek, ngenali sumber daya sing dibutuhake, lan nyedhiyakake kanthi efektif. Kanthi ngira-ngira kabutuhan sumber daya kanthi akurat lan ngindhari sakabèhé lokasi utawa underutilization, manajer proyek ngoptimalake panggunaan sumber daya, nyuda biaya sing ora perlu lan ngirit wektu.

Ngapikake Kolaborasi lan Komunikasi

Manajer proyek nemtokake lan ngandhani peran lan tanggung jawab sing jelas marang anggota tim. Saben individu ngerti tugas tartamtu, kiriman, lan area tanggung jawab. Kejelasan iki nyuda kebingungan lan tumpang tindih, ngidini anggota tim bisa kerja kanthi lancar lan efisien.

Mitigate Risks And Issues

Proyek-proyek kasebut nduweni risiko lan kahanan sing durung mesthi, sing, yen ora dikelola, bisa nyebabake tantangan sing signifikan utawa malah gagal. Manajemen proyek sing apik nandheske identifikasi risiko, penilaian, lan strategi mitigasi. Kanthi ngantisipasi lan ngatasi masalah potensial ing awal, manajer proyek bisa nyilikake pengaruhe lan mesthekake yen proyek tetep ing trek, utawa malah rampung sadurunge tanggal sing dikarepake.

Deloken: What does a Scrum master do?

What Are the Three Key Stages Of Project Management?

Manajemen proyek kalebu telung fase: perencanaan proyek, jadwal proyek, lan kontrol proyek. Punika rincian saben fase.

Perencanaan Proyek

The management and organization of the project start with the planning phase, where the project goals, objectives, and scope are defined. During this phase, project managers work closely with stakeholders to understand their requirements and expectations.

It's crucial to note that there are several methods being used in project planning, and one of the most effective ways of planning is work breakdown structure (WBS). It is defined as a process of dividing a project into its major subcomponents (or tasks), which are then subdivided into more detailed components, and finally into a set of activities and their related costs.

web: A bird eye's view of the project planning process

Penjadwalan Proyek

Penjadwalan proyek nuduhake proses urutan lan wektu kanggo kabeh kegiatan proyek. Ing tahap iki, manajer mutusake suwene saben kegiatan lan ngitung sumber daya sing dibutuhake ing saben tahap produksi.

Tujuan penjadwalan proyek bisa diringkes kaya ing ngisor iki:

• Nuduhake hubungan saben kegiatan karo wong liya lan kabeh proyek
• Nemtokake urutan logis lan korélasi antarane aktivitas
• Nggampangake nggawe prakiraan wektu lan biaya sing nyata kanggo saben kegiatan
• Njamin sumber daya manungsa, dhuwit, lan materi digunakake kanthi optimal kanthi ngenali bottlenecks kritis.

Salah sawijining pendekatan penjadwalan proyek sing populer yaiku grafik Gantt. Bagan Gantt minangka cara murah sing tujuane mbantu para manajer supaya:

• Kegiatan direncanakake
• Urutan kinerja didokumentasikan
• Perkiraan wektu kegiatan dicathet
• Sakabèhé wektu project wis dikembangaké. 

web:

• Teknik Tinju Wektu - Pandhuan kanggo Gunakake ing 2024
• Contoh Jadwal Proyek

Kontrol Proyek

The control of a project describes a close handling of resources, costs, quality, and budgets. Controlling projects can be difficult. Not all projects are well-defined at first, some may be ill-defined. Projects typically only become well-defined after detailed extensive initial planning and careful definition of required inputs, resources, processes, and outputs.

In controlling, there is a term called Waterfall Methodology which involves a sequential approach where the project focuses in a step-by-step manner and each phase is completed before moving on to the next. The project manager and team focus on planning and executing one phase at a time, following a predetermined sequence. When constraints are known, changes are small enough to be managed without substantially revising plans.

Beda karo metodologi Waterfall, Metodologi Agile nandheske planning podo utawa simultaneous lan eksekusi komponen project. Biasane digandhengake karo metodologi Agile kayata Scrum lan Kanban. Tinimbang ngrampungake saben fase sadurunge miwiti sabanjure, tim nggarap macem-macem aspek proyek bebarengan, fokus ing iterasi sing luwih cilik utawa tambahan wektu. Ana akeh checkpoints lan puteran umpan balik kanggo nglacak kemajuan, sing bisa ndhukung sampeyan nindakake evaluasi proyek mengko.

Deloken: Implementasi Proyek lan Proses Evaluasi Proyek

Apa Teknik Manajemen Proyek: PERT lan CPM

Loro-lorone Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) lan Critical Path Method (CPM) minangka teknik manajemen proyek sing kondhang digunakake kanggo ngrancang lan jadwal kegiatan, sing nuduhake kesamaan babagan proses sakabèhé saka 6 langkah kaya ing ngisor iki:

• Netepake kegiatan proyek sing dibutuhake kanggo ngrampungake proyek lan nyiapake struktur pemecahan karya
• Ngenali aktivitas sing gumantung marang wong liya lan gawe hubungan sing logis, kayata "rampung-kanggo-wiwitan" utawa "wiwitan-kanggo-wiwitan".
• Gambar jaringan sing nyambungake kabeh aktivitas kanthi nggunakake simpul kanggo makili aktivitas lan panah kanggo nuduhake aliran lan dependensi ing antarane
• Estimate each activity's duration and cost 
• Nemtokake Path Kritis (urutan paling dawa saka aktivitas gumantung sing nemtokake durasi minimal proyek)
• Saindhenging proyek, kemajuan dipantau miturut jadwal, lan pangaturan ditindakake yen perlu kanggo mesthekake rampung pas wektune.

Apa kaluwihan lan kekurangan saka PERT lan CPM?

Ana kritik babagan PERT lan CPM manawa penting kanggo manajemen proyek. Mangkene keuntungan lan watesan saka rong teknik kasebut:

Kaluwihan

watesan

- Padha nyedhiyakake pendekatan sistematis kanggo perencanaan proyek, utamane kanggo proyek gedhe lan kompleks kanthi akeh kegiatan. - Kanthi fokus ing aktivitas kritis ing dalan kritis, manager project bisa prioritas sumber daya lan efforts kanggo mesthekake rampung project pas wektune. - Dheweke uga nawakake kerangka kanggo ngawasi kemajuan proyek lan mbandhingake karo jadwal sing direncanakake.

- Ngenali lan ngitung dependensi kasebut kanthi akurat bisa dadi tantangan - Prakiraan wektu ing manajemen proyek bisa asring subyektif lan dipengaruhi dening macem-macem faktor, sing nyebabake risiko prakiraan bias lan kemungkinan ora akurat ing timeline proyek. - Sampeyan uga penting kanggo ngawasi dalan sing cedhak kritis ing proyek kasebut. Nglirwakake dalan sing meh kritis iki bisa nyebabake risiko sing ana lan bisa nyebabake telat utawa gangguan ing garis wektu proyek.

Nggunakake Piranti Lunak Manajemen Proyek kanggo Ngatur Proyek

Apa sing paling apik software manajemen proyek ? Ana sawetara opsi kanggo perusahaan kanggo ngatur proyek. Gumantung ing skala proyek, manajer bisa mutusake nggunakake pendekatan sing dibahas ing ndhuwur kanggo ngatur proyek cilik utawa nggabungake piranti lunak manajemen proyek khusus kanggo proyek gedhe lan kompleks.

Perlu ngenalake Microsoft Project, salah sawijining piranti lunak khusus sing paling populer, sing migunani banget kanggo nggambar jaringan proyek, ngenali jadwal proyek, lan ngatur biaya proyek lan sumber daya liyane lan nindakake evaluasi proyek. Sampeyan uga bisa nimbang alternatif sawijining such as Asana, Trello, Jira, and Basecamp project management software. They are all paid project management software with a free trial of many advanced features that can help you manage your projects and teams more effectively. 

web: 10 Tips Gunakake Manajemen Proyek Asana kanthi Efektif Ing 2024 or Alternatif Microsoft Project

Pitakonan Paling Sering

Line ngisor

Kaya sing kita deleng, saben perusahaan kudu nandur modal kanggo nambah katrampilan manajemen proyek. Manajemen proyek sing efektif ora bisa kekurangan manajer proyek sing cerdas lan tim kinerja sing dhuwur. Ana akeh kursus lan pelatihan sing disertifikasi sing bisa mbantu para siswa entuk kawruh sing luwih jero lan migunani babagan manajemen proyek. Yen sampeyan manteb ing ati lan uga-disiapake cukup, kok ora njupuk tantangan saka UKM, sertifikasi manajemen proyek sing paling dihargai ing donya, ngrangkul konsep tradisional, lincah, lan hibrida. 

Nanging, yen sampeyan pengin ngirit dhuwit, njupuk kursus manajemen proyek Coursera gratis uga dadi ide sing apik. Kanggo HR-ers, nggunakake latihan khusus uga bisa nyebabake asil sing luwih apik. Sampeyan bisa ngrancang pelajaran sing menarik Presentasi AhaSlides alat, ngendi sampeyan bisa nemokake akeh free Cithakan customizable kuis interaktif lan game bebarengan karo efek presentation unik.

Karya dikutip: Render, Barry, Heizer, Jay, Munson, Chuck. (2017). Manajemen Operasi : Sustainability lan Manajemen Rantai Pasokan kaping 12. Ed. (Ed. 12).

Ref: guyub | M. Pustaka