Njira 12 Zokulitsira Kuchita Zophunzira M'kalasi mu 2024

Timamva nthawi zonse: mphunzitsi wamkulu ndi wolimbikitsa kwambiri. Ndi lingaliro losavuta, koma likukhazikika pamalingaliro omwe aphunzitsi akhala akulimbana nawo kwazaka zambiri: ndimalimbikitsa bwanji ophunzira anga?

Kuchotsa demotivation kumabweretsa demotivation. Ngati simungathe kulimbikitsa ophunzira anu, mungalimbikitse bwanji kuwaphunzitsa?

Ndi mkombero wankhanza, koma nsonga 12 kupeza ophunzira m'kalasi mndandanda wa zochita za m'kalasi pansipa kungakuthandizeni kuyimitsa zowola.

Momwe Mungakulitsire Chibwenzi cha Ophunzira M'kalasi - Bukuli

• N'chifukwa Chiyani Kuchita M'kalasi Kwa Ophunzira Kumafunika?
• #1 - Gwiritsani Ntchito Malingaliro a Ophunzira
• # 2 - Pezani Kuyankhula
• # 3 - Mpikisano Woswana ndi Mafunso
• # 4 - Khazikitsani malo oyendera a Q&A
• # 5 - Asiyeni Aphunzitseni
• #6 - Sakanizani Mawonekedwe Anu
• # 7 - Ipangeni Kukhala Yothandiza
• # 8 - Apatseni Kusankha
• # 9 - Landirani Ukadaulo
• # 10 - Flip the Script
• # 11 - Tengani Kuyenda Pazithunzi
• # 12 - Osasiya Ntchito Gulu

Maupangiri Enanso Oyang'anira Makalasi okhala ndi AhaSlides

• Njira Zoyendetsera Mkalasi
• Njira Zokulitsira Kuchita Kwa Ophunzira M'makalasi Apaintaneti
• Njira Zatsopano Zophunzitsira
• Zida 14 Zabwino Kwambiri Zopangira Maganizo Kusukulu ndi Ntchito mu 2024
• Idea Board | Chida chaulere chaulere pa intaneti
• Mwachisawawa Team Jenereta | 2024 Wopanga Gulu Lachisawawa Akuwulula

N'chifukwa Chiyani Kuchita M'kalasi Kwa Ophunzira Kumafunika?

Zitha kukhala zophweka kuletsa ophunzira omwe adzipatula kukhala osasinthika kapenanso kuletsa 'zochita za ophunzira' ngati lingaliro la aphunzitsi omwe ali ndi nthawi yochulukirapo. Koma podumphira pamutuwu, mwawonetsa chidwi cholimbikitsa. Ndipo ndizolimbikitsa!

Mwatengapo njira yoyenera kuti muwongolere maphunziro a ophunzira anu. Ngati ndinu wophunzira amene mukufuna thandizo ndi ntchito zanu, ganizirani kupeza thandizo kuchokera kwa omwe ali abwino kwambiri nkhani kulemba utumiki. Ntchitozi zitha kukupatsani chithandizo chofunikira pakukulitsa luso lanu lolemba ndikuwonetsetsa kuti maphunziro anu akuyenda bwino.

• 53% ya ophunzira aku America ali ayi engaopalasa or osadzipereka mu maphunziro. (bungwe la Gallup linachita)
• Pakutha chaka chamaphunziro cha 2020, ophunzira 1.3 miliyoni anali atasiya kuchita nawo chifukwa chakusinthira kuphunzira kwakutali. (Kumbutsani)
• Ophunzira omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi 2.5x atha kunena kuti apeza sukulu yabwino kwambiri. (bungwe la Gallup linachita)

Kudzipatula ndi mliri, koma nthawi zonse pali njira zothetsera vutoli. Malangizo omwe ali pansipa akuthandizani kutsitsimutsanso chidwi cha wophunzira wanu kuti aphunzire, kaya popanda intaneti kapena pa intaneti, pogwiritsa ntchito kuphunzira pa intaneti kwa ophunzira njira.

4 Kupambana Kosavuta

Njira zinayi pansipa ndi mofulumira kwambiri ndi zosavuta njira zokopera chidwi cha ophunzira. Amafuna ntchito yaying'ono kuti akhazikitse ndipo zimamveka mosavuta pagulu lililonse la ophunzira anu.

# 1 - Gwiritsani Ntchito Maganizo A Ophunzira

Mavoti ali otsimikiza chifukwa zisankho zimagwirizanitsa nkhani yanu ndi pakati pa chilengedwe cha wachinyamata aliyense - iwo eni.

Ndine mwana, kumene. Komabe, kuwalola perekani malingaliro awo ku china chake, ndikuwona momwe malingaliro awo akukwanira mkati mwa makina oyandikana nawo, akhoza kuchita zodabwitsa chidwi cha ophunzira.

Kuwapatsa mawu omwe akutenga nawo gawo phunziroli kuli ndi maubwino ambiri, koma osatinso koposa kuwadziwitsa ophunzirawo awo malingaliro, ayi lanu nkhani, ndiye nyenyezi yeniyeni yawonetsero apa.

Onani funso ili pansipa, lomwe lingafunsidwe mu phunziro la ESL.

Kafukufukuyu ndiwothandiza kwambiri chifukwa:

• Funso limangonena za iwo.
• Ophunzira amatha kuwona pomwe momwe malingaliro awo amawunjikana ndi ena kuzungulira iwo.
• Inu, monga mphunzitsi, mutha kuphunzira za zina mwa ophunzira anu zomwe simunadziwe kale.

Kuchokera pakuwunika kokhazikika komanso kosiyanasiyana, njira yachiwiri yachiwiri imakhala gawo lotsatira…

# 2 - Pezani Kuyankhula

Pali njira imodzi yophunzitsira ophunzira yomwe ndiyosavuta kuposa kafukufuku. Kukambirana kwathunthu.

Kukhala ndi ophunzira kuti afotokoze malingaliro awo ang'onoang'ono m'njira yomveka bwino komanso yoyezera ndi amodzi mwa maloto omaliza ophunzitsa. Zachisoni, loto ili limakhala ndi mizere yabwino kwambiri mkalasi pakati palibe amene akuyankhula ndi chisokonezo mtheradi.

ndipo izi chifukwa chake tech ilipo.

Zida zambiri za ed-tech zimalimbikitsa mayankho olembedwa kwa mafunso otseguka, omwe amathandiza aliyense kuti amve mawu awo ndikusunga zinthu mwadongosolo kwathunthu.

Kamodzi kutumizidwa, yankho limalowa mulingo wosewera ndi ena onse. Mumawerenga ndi kuyambitsa kukambirana kuchokera pa yankho lililonse lofunikira lomwe lili pa bolodi, zonse mwadongosolo.

Nanga ana amanyazi? Amatha kulowa yankho lawo mosadziwika, kutanthauza kuti palibe kuwopa kuweruzidwa pazomwe adalemba. Kwa gulu lamphamvu lamagulu aliwonse omwe ali ndi ophunzira omwe amadzidalira, kuphweka kwa kuyankha mosadziwika kumatha kukhala chilimbikitso chokwanira kuchitapo kanthu.

Mukufuna kuwerenga zambiri? 💡 Tili ndi wowongolera wathunthu momwe mungapangire mtsutso wa ophunzira m'njira zisanu ndi chimodzi!

# 3 - Mpikisano Woswana ndi Mafunso

Kuchuluka kwa mpikisano ndi fumbi la golide kwa aphunzitsi. Tsoka ilo, kupatula dongosolo la mphotho zachisawawa komanso zopanda tanthauzo, mpikisano ngati njira yophunzirira mkalasi ya ophunzira ikugwiritsidwabe ntchito monyanyira.

Mpikisano uli ndi zambiri zopereka m'maphunziro, ngakhale mukuwona bwanji…. ndipo ayenera kusangalala ndi kulandiridwa kwakukulu.

Dr. Tom Verhoeff, Yunivesite ya Eindhoven ya Technology.

Ndi mtundu uti wa mpikisano womwe umakonda kwambiri womwe timachita nawo akakula? Chabwino, ndi mafunso amoyo ngati muli ngati ine. Ndi mafunso, sindikutanthauza mayeso kapena mayeso; Ndikutanthauza mafunso abwino okhala ndi bolodi, zosangalatsa, sewero ndi gulu limodzi la otenga nawo mbali.

Kaya paokha kapena m'magulu, kuthamangira kwa ophunzira kupikisana ndi anzawo kumatha kukhala chinkhoswe. Ngati chiwopsezo chakwera (mwachitsanzo, mphotho ndi yabwino), mafunso atha kukhala njira imodzi yothandiza kwambiri yophunzirira mkalasi pamndandandawu.

Nawa maupangiri pakupanga mafunso abwino ophunzitsira:

• Sungani mafunso pafupifupi 10 - Lolani ophunzira anu alowemo, koma musalole kuti atope nazo.
• Sakanizani zovuta - Khalani aliyense m'manja.
• Gwiritsani ntchito ukadaulo - Pazochitika zanga, mafunso olembera ndi mapepala ndi ovuta kuwongolera m'kalasi lalikulu. Yesani kuyambitsa mafunso anu akatswiri Edtech software.

Msonkho 👊 Sakanizani zinthu ndi gudumu la spinner. Mutha kuyesa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, monga Mpikisano wa Dollar Miliyoni, kapena gwiritsani ntchito ngati bonasi pamafunso anu!

# 4 - Khazikitsani malo oyendera a Q&A

Chimodzi mwazomwe zimathandizira kuti munthu asatengere izi sizokhudzana ndi machitidwe, ndizokhudza kumvetsetsa. Ngakhale zili choncho, ngati ophunzira anu samazimvetsetsa, mudzakhala mukuyang'ana chipinda chazitali.

Zedi, mutha kuwafunsa ngati amvetsetsa kufotokozera kwanu kwa lingaliro latsopano, koma ndi angati ophunzira odzimva okha omwe angavomereze, pamaso pa aliyense, kuti asatsatire?

M'zaka za Edtech, yankho ndilo Malo obwereza a Q&A. Ichi ndichifukwa chake amagwira ntchito:

• Iwo sakudziwika - Ophunzira atha kukhalabe opanda dzina ndikufunsa chilichonse popanda mantha.
• Iwo mwatsatanetsatane - Ophunzira ali ndi nthawi yolingalira mozama zomwe sakumvetsa.
• Iwo ali bungwe - Mayankho onse amalembedwa, atha kusanjidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana ndikukhala okhazikika.

Musanyalanyaze kuphunzira kwenikweni.

Yesani zonse zomwe zili pamwambapa kwaulere. Lankhulani nawo m'kalasi yanu yapaintaneti kapena yopanda intaneti!

4 Masewera Aitali

Njira zinayi izi ndi pang'ono masewera yaitali. Ndiko kusintha kwakung'ono kwa njira yanu yophunzitsira, yofunikira nthawi yakumvetsetsa ndikukhazikitsa.

Komabe, mukakhala nawo mu locker, awa akhoza kukhala ena mwa njira zogwiritsira ntchito m'kalasi.

# 5 - Asiyeni Aphunzitseni

Limodzi mwatsoka la kusagwirizana m'kalasi ndilokuti 85% yamaphunziro pasukulu ndi okhwima kwambiri kuti asalole luso loganiza bwino. Izi, ngakhale kuganiza mozama kuposa silabasi yoletsa, nthawi zambiri ndizomwe zimapangitsa maphunziro kukhala osangalatsa.

Izi ndizovuta kuzigonjetsa kwa mphunzitsi yekha, koma kupereka ophunzira udindo wophunzitsa gawo la nkhaniyi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri.

Yendani kubwerera ku maphunziro anu auphunzitsi. Kodi munali otanganidwa kwambiri ndi maphunziro a kasamalidwe kakhalidwe kapena mukamayang'anizana ndi achichepere pazochitika zomwe mwawona? Ndi nthawi iti yomwe mumaganiza ndikugwira ntchito pamlingo wapamwamba?

Nawa maupangiri ochepa pakusintha ophunzira kukhala aphunzitsi:

• Chitani pang'onopang'ono. Pali chifukwa chake iyi ndi njira ya 'sewero lalitali' la maphunziro a ophunzira. Ophunzira amafunikira nthawi ndi kuyeserera kuti aphunzitse chilichonse, ngakhale timagulu tating'ono. Pezani nthawi yoyeserera chaka chonse.
• Sungani nthawi yake. Apatseni nthawi yochepa yophunzitsa kuti asawalepheretse. Pophunzitsa, muziyang’anira nthawi kuti amvetse kuti nthawi ndi yofunika kwambiri pophunzitsa.
• Kwezani zoyembekezera zanu. Ophunzira nthawi zambiri amatha njira kuposa momwe timawapatsa ulemu. Apatseni vuto ndipo muwawone akakumana nawo.

#6 - Sakanizani mawonekedwe anu

Njira zambiri zophunzirira masitayilo ndizofunika kwambiri pakuphunzitsira aphunzitsi. Timawadziwa, ndithudi, koma monga momwe tingaganizire timawakopa zithunzi, zofufuza ndi zokhala ophunzira, mwayi ndikuti tikulephera osachepera amodzi mwa magulu ophunzira.

Ngati ndinu wophunzira wofunitsitsa, muyenera zochuluka kuposa zochitika zodziwikiratu zomwe mumachita sabata iliyonse. Ophunzira owerengera amafunikira zokambirana zoposa 2 semesita iliyonse. Amafuna kukondoweza kosasintha kupitiriza kuchita nawo maphunziro.

Pa phunziro lililonse, onetsetsani kuti alipo chochita chimodzi mwanjira iliyonse yophunzirira. Izi zitha kukhala…

• Zowonetsa malingaliro, kulemba manotsi, kuwonera makanema, kusewera mafunso - (Zowoneka)
• Kumvera ma podcast, kukhala ndi zokambirana, kuwerenga mokweza, kupanga nyimbo - (Zomvera)
• Kuyesera, kupanga china chake chakuthupi, choyerekeza, kusuntha mkalasi - (Zojambulajambula)

Kumbukirani, izi zitha kukhala ntchito yambiri, koma ndizoyenera. Pamene maphunziro anu akukhala osadziŵika bwino, ophunzira anu amakhala atcheru kwa nthawi yaitali.

Msonkho 👊 Tanthauzirani njira yophunzirira ya wophunzira aliyense ndi mafunso awa 25.

# 7 - Ipangeni Kukhala Yothandiza

Pomwe ndimaphunzitsa Chingerezi ku Vietnam, ndidazindikira kuti mabuku onse amangotengera zikhalidwe zaku Britain kapena America. Malinga ndi National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE), anali othekera kwambiri kuyimba chifukwa ophunzira anga aku Vietnamese sanapeze chilichonse chogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe chawo m'maphunziro.

Vuto limadutsa chikhalidwe. Ngati mulibe chilichonse m'maphunziro anu kuti ophunzira agwirizane nacho, bwanji avutike kuphunzira mutuwo?

Kwa ophunzira achichepere makamaka, kulumikiza mutu wanu ndi china chake chokhudzana ndi zofuna zawo ndikofunikira kwambiri.

Kuzindikira izi kumatha kuchitika kudzera mwa kafukufuku wosavuta. M'zaka za m'ma 90, boma la Connecticut anathamanga imodzi yotchedwa Interest-a-Lyzer m'masukulu aboma, omwe ndi aatali kwambiri komanso akutali kwambiri 90 kuti mugwiritse ntchito masiku ano, koma mafunso omwe amafunsa angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa kafukufuku wanu. (Izi zilinso ndi bonasi yokhala ndi ntchito yabwino yolemba!)

Mukalandira mayankho kuchokera kwa ophunzira anu, mutha kupanga mafotokozedwe ndi zochitika mokhudzana ndi zomwe amakonda.

# 8 - Apatseni Kusankha

Kwa ophunzira achikulire, pali zinthu ziwiri zomwe ntchito zonse ziyenera kukhala nazo: kufunika (zomwe tangokambiranazi) ndi kusankha.

Pazaka zomwe ophunzira anu amapeza njira mdziko, tiye kusankha ndiye chirichonse. Maphunziro nthawi zambiri si nkhani yosankha kwa ophunzira, koma kuwapatsa zosankha m'kalasi kungapereke chiwonjezeko chodabwitsa cha chilimbikitso cha ophunzira.

Nazi njira zingapo zophatikizira kusankha mkalasi yanu:

• Activities - Perekani gulu la zochitika ngati zolimbitsa thupi, kenako lolani ophunzira asankhe.
• kapangidwe - Yankhani dongosolo la phunzirolo ndikuwasiya asankhe momwe akufuna kuchitira.
• zokongoletsa - Aloleni iwo anenepo pa masanjidwe a kalasi.

Ndi bwino kuyambitsa kusankha pang'onopang'ono mu maphunziro anu. Ophunzira ambiri alibe chosankha kusukulu, ndipo mwina m'miyoyo yawo, kotero kuti nthawi zambiri samadziwa momwe zimagwirira ntchito m'kalasi.

Mukufuna kuwerenga zambiri? Out Onani Nkhani yabwinoyi za momwe mphunzitsi adakulitsira chidwi cha ophunzira popereka chisankho.

4 ya Kuphunzira Paintaneti

Kuphunzira pa intaneti kukuchulukirachulukira, koma kupangitsa ophunzira kukhala olimbikira patali kukuwoneka kuti kukukulirakulira.

Nawa maupangiri 4 oyesera china chake chosiyana ndi chanu kalasi yakutaliKapena mungathe pezani zambiri apa!

# 9 - Landirani Ukadaulo

Maphunziro onse atapita pa intaneti mu 2020, panali chizolowezi chomveka choti aphunzitsi azitsatira njira zomwe akudziwa. Izo zawuluka mu magawo oyambirira; sichikuwuluka tsopano.

Kuchuluka kwa zida zophunzitsira, zopanga komanso zogwirira ntchito zasintha kalasi yeniyeni. Pali njira zochitira zinthu zomwe aphunzitsi kapena ophunzira sakanalota m'bandakucha wa Coronavirus.

Nazi ena ochepa kwaulere zida zomwe aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira angagwiritse ntchito pophunzira pa intaneti:

1. Chidwi 📊
   Wopanga zokambirana yemwe amalola ophunzira kuchititsa mutu ndikupanga live uchaguzi, mafunso pa intaneti ndi kukambirana za izo. Ndi imodzi mwa njira zophunzitsira zatsopano zomwe zimamveka mozungulira mabwalo a aphunzitsi.
2. Chinthaka ????
   Chidutswa chosavuta koma champhamvu chosintha zithunzi ndi pulogalamu yojambula. Colorcinch ili ndi zithunzi zambiri za vekitala, zithunzi za masheya, ndi zotsatira zapadera.
3. Canva @Alirezatalischioriginal
   Njira yosavuta yopangira zithunzi, zikwangwani, timabuku, timapepala ndi zina. Canva ili ndi laibulale yayikulu ya ma templates ndi zinthu zopangiratu zomangapo.
4. Miro @Alirezatalischioriginal
   Bolodi yoyera yomwe ophunzira angagwiritse ntchito pokambirana imasonyeza njira zoganizira ndi kupanga zothetsera nthawi imodzi.
5. FlipGrid ????
   Pulatifomu yomwe aphunzitsi amatha kufunsa mafunso ndikulandila mayankho kuchokera kwa ophunzira.

Ophunzira azaka zina ali ndi chidwi chachilengedwe chaukadaulo, kotero kukumbatira kungakhale njira yabwino yowonjezerera kuchitapo kanthu kwa ophunzira. Komabe, chenjerani ndikuchita mopambanitsa - zida zambiri zatsopano nthawi imodzi zitha kusokoneza ophunzira.

# 10 - Flip the Script

'Kuphunzira mopepuka' amatanthauza ophunzira kuphunzira mfundo kunyumba, kenako kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi ya kalasi kukambirana mwachangu ndi kuthetsa mavuto okhudzana ndi lingaliro lomwe aphunzira. Ganizirani izi ngati ntchito yapasukulu ndi homuweki yanthawi zonse… yasintha.

M'mayiko akutali akumasukulu, komwe ntchito yakusukulu ndi homuweki zimachitika patebulo lomwelo, kuphunzira mosamalitsa ndizokhudza kusinthana kwa ntchito yolumikizana (ndi mphunzitsi wamoyo) ndi ntchito yodziwika bwino (popanda mphunzitsi wamoyo).

Pali maumboni ambiri omwe amaloza ku kusintha kwakusintha kwamaphunziro kusukulu yakutali. Chimodzi mwa ziwerengero zolimbikitsa kwambiri chimachokera kafukufuku wochokera ku Flipped Learning Network - 80% ya aphunzitsi omwe amayesa njirayi adanenedwa kulimbikitsa chidwi cha ophunzira.

Chifukwa chiyani? Onani zina mwa zabwino zophunzirira zomwe zingakulitse ophunzira kutenga nawo mbali:

• M'kalasi, ophunzira akhoza kutenga nawo mbali paulendo wawo. Ophunzira otsika komanso apamwamba amatha kuyang'ana kwambiri ntchito zomwe zili pamlingo woyenera kwa iwo.
• Zambiri kudzilamulira ndi ufulu wa umwini wa maphunziro awo amaika ophunzira kulamulira - chinthu chachikulu cholimbikitsa.
• Kuphunzira mopepuka kumapereka ophunzira chochita m'malo mowaona ngati ongolowetsa zidziwitso. Izi zimasiyanitsa maphunziro anu ndi maphunziro ena wamba tsiku lonse la sukulu ndipo zimalimbikitsa ophunzira kutenga nawo mbali.

Mukufuna kuchitapo kanthu? Yesani izi m'kalasi lanu lotsatira la intaneti:

1. Asanaphunzire: Pangani chikwatu chogawana cha mutu wa ophunzira (makanema, ma podcast, nkhani zojambulidwa, zida zowerengera, ndi zina zambiri) ndi kuwauza kuti apite patsogolo.
2. Kumayambiriro kwa phunziroli: Apatseni ophunzira mafunso ofulumira kuti azindikire kumvetsetsa kwa mutuwo, kenako gawani wophunzira aliyense pamlingo wawo womvetsetsa.
3. Phunziro: Perekani gulu lirilonse ndi zochitika zolimbikitsa (zokambirana, mgwirizano, kuthetsa mavuto) kuti mukhale ndi kumvetsetsa.

Mukufuna kuwerenga zambiri? 💡 Onani izi mawu oyamba oyamba pakuphunzirira ndi University of Lesley

# 11 - Tengani Kuyenda Pazithunzi

Kodi mungalimbikitsidwe motani ngati mutadziwa kuti ntchito yanu idzawonetsedwa kwa anzanu? Mwina pang'ono. Ndilo lingaliro kumbuyo kwa kuyenda kwa gallery.

Kuyenda kwazithunzi ndi chiwonetsero chazithunzi momwe ntchito za ophunzira zimawonetsedwa kuti wina ndi mnzake aziwona. Poyang'ana gawo la ntchito, ophunzira amawona ndikulemba malingaliro awo pa chidutswacho.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuli ntchito yabwino kwambiri yochita nawo kalasi ya ophunzira:

• Ikuwonjezeka chidwi cha ophunzira kudzera munthawi yawo yampikisano.
• Ikuwonjezeka cholinga cha ophunzira momwe amaonera ntchito kuchokera kwa anzawo osati munthu wosagwirizana nawo.
• Ikuwonjezeka ufulu wophunzira mawu, omwe nthawi zonse amakhala abwino pazolimbikitsa.

Kumbali yanu, kuyenda kwazithunzi ndikosavuta kukhazikitsa. Ingopangani chiwonetsero chokhala ndi malo olembera ndemanga, monga ili pansipa.

# 12 - Osasiya Ntchito Gulu

Mwa njira zonse zophunzirira zomwe zidagwera m'mbali mwa kusamuka kwakukulu kupita kumaphunziro akutali, chovulala chachikulu chinali ntchito yamagulu.

Nthawi yomwe ophunzira amafunikira kuyanjana ndi mgwirizano kwambiri, aphunzitsi ambiri adaganiza kuti kumasulira ntchito zamagulu pa intaneti ndi ntchito yosatheka. Ophunzira amathera nthawi yawo yambiri yophunzira akudzimva kukhala otalikirana ndi anzawo akusukulu.

Izi zimawononga kwambiri chidwi cha ophunzira. Nawa maupangiri ochepa pantchito yolimbana nawo:

• Apatseni mwayi wogawana mafayilo, monga Google Drive.
• Apatseni mwayi wapa kanban board (task tasking) pulogalamu, monga Trello.
• Gwiritsani ntchito 'zipinda zopumira' pa Zoom ndi mapulogalamu ena oyimbira makanema kuti muzitsanzira ntchito zenizeni zamagulu.
• Gawani ntchito zikuluzikulu m'magulu angapo oti mumalizitsidwe m'magulu.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri