Njira zoyeserera yapeza kutchuka kwakukulu pakupanga mapulogalamu chifukwa cha njira yake yosinthika komanso yobwerezabwereza. Ndi kusiyanasiyana kwamachitidwe ndi machitidwe, njira ya Agile imapereka njira yosiyana yoyendetsera ntchito poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe za mathithi.
Ngati simukufuna kuti mpikisano wanu akusiyeni, kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya Agile pakuwongolera projekiti kungakhale njira zabwino kwambiri zopititsira patsogolo bizinesi yothamanga kwambiri masiku ano. Koma izi zisanachitike, ndikofunikira kudziwa mozama za njira za Agile. Tiyeni tikambirane zina zofunika za njira ya Agile yomwe imapereka kumvetsetsa bwino momwe njira ya Agile imagwirira ntchito.
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Kodi njira ya Agile ndi chiyani?
Njira ya Agile ndi njira yoyendetsera polojekiti yomwe imayang'ana kusinthasintha, kuwongolera mosalekeza, komanso mgwirizano wamakasitomala. Zinayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa njira zachikhalidwe za mathithi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zinkapangitsa kuti pakhale chitukuko chautali komanso njira zokhwima. Njira ya Agile imagogomezera kwambiri chitukuko chobwerezabwereza, maulendo obwerezabwereza pafupipafupi, komanso kutha kuyankha pakufunika kusintha.
Kodi njira 5 za Agile ndi ziti?
Mu gawoli, tiwona njira zisanu zoyambirira za Agile kuphatikiza Scrum, Kanban, Lean, Extreme Programming (XP), ndi Crystal Method. Njira iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe akeake, mfundo, ndi machitidwe omwe amathandizira kuyendetsa bwino ntchito ya Agile.
Scrum
Agile Scrum framework ndi imodzi mwa njira zodziwika bwino za Agile. Kasamalidwe ka projekiti ya Agile ndi Scrum amagawa mapulojekiti kukhala mafupipafupi otchedwa sprints, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala masabata awiri kapena anayi. Ndondomekoyi imaphatikizapo maudindo angapo, kuphatikizapo Scrum Master, Product Owner, ndi Development Team. Scrum imagogomezera misonkhano yoyimilira tsiku ndi tsiku, kukonzekera sprint, kukonzanso zobwerera m'mbuyo, ndi ndemanga zothamanga kuti zitsimikizire kuwonekera, kulankhulana bwino, ndi kusintha kosalekeza. Ubwino wake umaphatikizapo kuwonjezereka kwa mgwirizano, kufulumira kwa nthawi ndi msika, komanso kusinthika kwa kusintha kwa polojekiti.
Kanban
Kanban ndi mtundu wina wotchuka wa Agile wogwira ntchito womwe umayang'ana kwambiri kuwona ndikuwongolera kayendedwe ka ntchito. Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito bolodi la Kanban kuti muwone mwatsatanetsatane ntchito ndi kupita patsogolo kwawo, zomwe zimaimiridwa ngati mizati ndi makadi. Kanban amalimbikitsa kukoka kokhazikika komwe zinthu zantchito zimakokedwa kuchokera ku gawo lina kupita ku lina monga momwe mphamvu zimaloleza. Imapatsa magulu mawonekedwe owoneka bwino pantchito yawo ndikuwathandiza kuzindikira zolepheretsa ndikuwongolera njira zawo mosalekeza. Ubwino wa Kanban ukuphatikiza kuchita bwino, kuchepa kwa zinyalala, komanso kukulitsa chidwi chamagulu pakubweretsa phindu.
Extreme Programming (XP)
Njira ina yabwino ya Agile, Extreme Programming (XP) ikufuna kukweza mapulogalamu apulogalamu ndikukweza zokolola zamagulu kudzera muzochita ndi makonda. Pogogomezera kulankhulana, kuphweka, ndi kusinthasintha, machitidwe a XP mu Agile amapereka njira yokhazikika yopangira mapulogalamu omwe amathandiza magulu kuti apereke zinthu zamtengo wapatali pamene akukwaniritsa zofunikira zosintha.
Lean Development
Njira zotsamira, ngakhale sizimangokhala za Agile, zimagawana mfundo ndi machitidwe ambiri ndi Agile. Kuchokera pakupanga, Lean ikufuna kuthetsa zinyalala ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito poyang'ana pakupanga phindu ndikuwongolera mosalekeza. Lean akugogomezera kufunikira kwa mtengo wamakasitomala, kuchepetsa ntchito zosafunikira, ndikuwongolera kuyenda bwino. Potengera mfundo za Lean mkati mwa Agile, magulu amatha kupititsa patsogolo mgwirizano, kuchepetsa zinyalala, ndikupereka phindu moyenera.
Njira ya Crystal
Zikafika pakuyika anthu pawokha komanso machitidwe awo, njira ya Crystal ndiyomwe imakonda kwambiri. Yopangidwa ndi Alistair Cockburn, Crystal Method idapangidwa kuti iziyika patsogolo mfundo ndi zikhalidwe zokomera anthu mkati mwa njira yopangira mapulogalamu. Imavomereza kufunikira kwa luso la munthu payekha komanso ukatswiri pakupambana kwa polojekiti. Kuphatikiza apo, imayang'ana pa kuzindikira ndi kuwongolera mphamvu za mamembala a gulu, kuwonetsetsa kuti anthu oyenerera amapatsidwa ntchito zoyenera.
Kodi maubwino ogwiritsira ntchito njira ya Agile ndi chiyani?
Kutengera mfundo ndi zikhalidwe za Agile kumatha kubweretsa zabwino zambiri kumabungwe. Nawa makiyi ena
Kuwoneka bwino kwa polojekiti
Njira ya Agile imapereka mawonekedwe owonekera komanso enieni a momwe polojekiti ikuyendera. Misonkhano yanthawi zonse, monga kuyimirira tsiku ndi tsiku ndi ndemanga zothamanga, zimathandiza magulu kuti akambirane zomwe akwaniritsa, zovuta, ndi ntchito zomwe zikubwera. Mawonekedwe awa amalola okhudzidwa kupanga zisankho zodziwitsidwa, kuzindikira zotchinga zomwe zingachitike, ndikusintha zofunika patsogolo molingana. Zotsatira zake, mapulojekiti amatha kukhala panjira ndikukwaniritsa zolinga zawo.
Kuwonjezeka kusinthasintha
M'mabizinesi omwe akusintha mwachangu masiku ano, kutha kusintha mwachangu ndikofunikira kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino. Njira ya Agile imapambana m'derali pothandiza magulu kuti ayankhe mwachangu pazofunikira zatsopano, zomwe zikuchitika pamsika, kapena mayankho amakasitomala. Mwa kuphwanya mapulojekiti kukhala ntchito zing'onozing'ono, zoyendetsedwa bwino, Agile imalola magulu kuti asinthe mapulani awo ndi zofunikira zawo popanda kusokoneza ntchito yonse. Kusinthasintha uku kumatsimikizira kuti mabizinesi amatha kusintha mosalekeza ndikubweretsa phindu kwa makasitomala awo.
Nthawi yofulumira ku msika
Njira ya Agile imagogomezera kupereka zinthu zogwirira ntchito pafupipafupi. M'malo modikirira mpaka kumapeto kwa pulojekiti kuti atulutse chomaliza, Agile amalola magulu kuti atulutse zosintha zowonjezera panthawi yonse yachitukuko. Njira yobwerezabwereza iyi imathandiza mabizinesi kusonkhanitsa mayankho oyambilira, kutsimikizira zomwe akuganiza, ndikupanga kusintha kofunikira mwachangu. Pochepetsa kukonzanso zomwe zimawononga nthawi komanso kupereka phindu koyambirira, njira ya Agile imathandizira mabizinesi kufulumizitsa nthawi yawo yogulitsa ndikupeza mwayi wampikisano.
Kodi magawo 5 a njira ya Agile ndi ati?
Kodi magawo 5 a chitukuko cha agile ndi chiyani? Kulimbikitsidwa ndi pulogalamu yachitukuko cha pulogalamu (SDLC), njira ya Agile imatsata magawo 5 kuphatikiza Ideation, chitukuko, kuyesa, kutumiza, ndi magwiridwe antchito. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane za ins ndi kunja kwa gawo lililonse.
Gawo 1: Malingaliro
Pafupifupi ntchito zonse zopanga mapulogalamu a Agile zimayamba ndi gawo lamalingaliro. Ndondomekoyi ikuphatikizapo kukambirana ndi kusonkhanitsa zofunikira kuti zifotokoze kukula ndi zolinga za polojekitiyi.
Panthawi imeneyi, eni ake, omwe akukhudzidwa, ndi gulu lachitukuko amagwirizana kuti azindikire zolinga za polojekiti, zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito, ndikuyika patsogolo. Nkhani za ogwiritsa ntchito kapena zinthu zomwe zatsalira zimapangidwira kuti zigwire zofunikira ndikupanga maziko a chitukuko.
Gawo 2: Chitukuko
Chotsatira pakubwera gawo lachitukuko lomwe limayang'ana kwambiri pakusintha zofunikira kukhala zowonjezera mapulogalamu. Njira za Agile zimagogomezera chitukuko chowonjezereka komanso chowonjezereka, kugawa ntchitoyo kukhala ntchito zotheka kapena nkhani za ogwiritsa ntchito.
Magulu achitukuko amagwira ntchito mogwirizana m'mafupipafupi, omwe amatchedwa ma sprints, omwe ndi nthawi yokhala ndi nthawi yoperekedwa kuti amalize ntchito zinazake. Pa sprint iliyonse, gululo limasankha nkhani za ogwiritsa ntchito kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zatsalira ndikupanga zowonjezera mapulogalamu ogwira ntchito, kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zofunika kwambiri zimaperekedwa poyamba.
Gawo 3: Kuyesedwa
Mu gawo lachitatu la chitukuko cha Agile, Kuyesa kumachitika mosalekeza panthawi yonse yachitukuko kuti zitsimikizire mtundu wa mapulogalamu ndikutsimikizira kuti chinthucho chikukwaniritsa zofunikira.
Njira za Agile zimalimbikitsa chitukuko choyendetsedwa ndi mayeso (TDD), pomwe mayeso amalembedwa code isanakhazikitsidwe. Izi zimathandiza kuwonetsetsa kuti pulogalamuyo imagwira ntchito monga momwe idafunira ndikuchepetsa mwayi woyambitsa zolakwika kapena zolakwika.
Kuyesa kumaphatikizapo kuyesa mayunitsi, kuyesa kuphatikiza, ndi kuyesa kuvomereza kuti atsimikizire kugwira ntchito ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa pulogalamuyo.
Gawo 4: Kutumiza
Gawo la kutumiza kwa Agile process model limaphatikizapo kumasula mapulogalamu opangidwa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kapena makasitomala. Njira za Agile zimalimbikitsa kutumizidwa pafupipafupi komanso pafupipafupi kuti asonkhanitse mayankho mwachangu ndikuphatikiza zosintha kutengera zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito alemba.
Kuphatikizika kosalekeza ndi kutumizira mosalekeza (CI / CD) machitidwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azitha kuyendetsa ntchito, kuonetsetsa kuti pulogalamuyo ikugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera komanso moyenera.
Gawoli limaphatikizaponso zochitika monga kasamalidwe ka kasinthidwe, zolemba, ndi maphunziro a ogwiritsa ntchito kuti athandizire kusintha kwabwino kwa malo okhala.
Gawo 5: Zochita
Pamapeto pake, ntchitozo, zikufotokozera kuthandizira ndi kukonzanso kwa mapulogalamu omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira za Agile zimazindikira kuti kupanga mapulogalamu ndi njira yopitilira, ndipo magulu amayenera kulabadira malingaliro a kasitomala ndikusintha zomwe zikufunika.
Magulu a Agile amagwira ntchito yowunika mosalekeza, kukonza zolakwika, zowonjezera, ndi chithandizo cha ogwiritsa ntchito kuwonetsetsa kuti pulogalamuyo imakhalabe yogwira ntchito, yotetezeka, komanso yogwirizana ndi zosowa zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amakumana nazo. Zowunikira nthawi zonse zimachitika kuti ziwonetsetse zachitukuko ndikuzindikira mwayi wowongolera.
Agile Methodology VS Waterfall Methodology
Mosiyana ndi njira zachikhalidwe za mathithi, zomwe zimadalira kukonzekera kokhazikika ndi njira zofananira, Agile imakumbatira kusintha ndikulimbikitsa magulu kuti azigwira ntchito mozungulira mozungulira motchedwa sprints.
Ngakhale njira za Agile zidapangidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi kusintha, njira za Waterfall sizisintha zikafika pakusintha.
- Kusintha kwa polojekiti ya Waterfall kumafuna kukonzanso kwakukulu ndipo kungasokoneze nthawi yokonzekera ndi bajeti.
- Zosintha za projekiti ya Agile zitha kuphatikizidwa mosavuta pakanthawi kochepa, kulola kusintha mwachangu pazosowa zamakasitomala komanso kusintha kwa msika.
Kuphatikiza apo, njira za Agile zimalimbikitsa kuzindikira koyambirira komanso kosalekeza ndi kuchepetsa. Mosiyana ndi izi, njira za Waterfall zimakhala ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha kulephera kwa projekiti chifukwa cha kuuma kwawo komanso kutsatana kwawo.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Kodi njira ya Agile ndi chiyani ndipo imagwira ntchito bwanji?
Njira ya Agile ndi njira yoyendetsera polojekiti yomwe imayamikira kusinthasintha ndi kuyankha kuti asinthe kuti apereke zotsatira zapamwamba. Mosiyana ndi njira zachikhalidwe zoyendetsera polojekiti, Agile imaphwanya ma projekiti kukhala ntchito zing'onozing'ono, zoyendetsedwa bwino ndipo imayang'ana pakubweretsa phindu mochulukirachulukira.
Kodi Agile vs Scrum ndi chiyani?
Agile ndi njira yachitukuko mu Agile Manifesto, yomwe idapangidwa kuti ilimbikitse chitukuko chowonjezereka komanso chobwerezabwereza, kuyankha mosalekeza, komanso kukhudzidwa kwamakasitomala pafupipafupi. Scrum ndikukhazikitsa pansi pa ambulera ya Agile momwe projekiti yonse imagawidwa kukhala mafelemu anthawi yochepa otchedwa sprints, ndipo scrum master ndi amene ali ndi udindo wopereka zowonjezera zamalonda.
Kodi chitsanzo cha Agile ndi chiyani?
Tangoganizani kampani yopanga mapulogalamu yomwe ikufuna kupanga pulogalamu yatsopano yam'manja. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya Agile, kampaniyo idagawa ntchitoyi kukhala ntchito zing'onozing'ono, zoyendetsedwa bwino zotchedwa nkhani za ogwiritsa ntchito.
Zitengera Zapadera
Mapulogalamu oyang'anira Agile amagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano kuti athandize oyang'anira ntchito kuti asunge nthawi, ndalama ndi zoyesayesa zina zofunika kuti mapulojekiti apitirire, kuchulukitsidwa kwamagulu ndi magwiridwe antchito. Kusankha ukadaulo wodalirika pantchitoyo ndikofunikira kuti mupeze phindu lalikulu.
Ndikofunikiranso kuti mabizinesi aziyika ndalama pamaphunziro oyenera ndi zida kuti akwaniritse bwino njira ya Agile. Kuti mutengere zochita zanu za Agile kupita pamlingo wina, yesani Chidwi kwa magawo ochitirana maphunziro komanso mgwirizano wogwira mtima.
Ref: Mendix | XP pa | geeksforgeeks
