M'dziko lazamalonda lomwe likuyenda mwachangu, chinsinsi chokhalirabe patsogolo ndikuwongolera mosalekeza. Mu positi iyi ya blog, tikuyamba ulendo woti tidziwe Zida 8 zopititsira patsogolo zomwe zimathandizira bungwe lanu kukulitsa nthawi zonse. Kuchokera pamaphunziro akale omwe adakhalapo nthawi yayitali mpaka mayankho aukadaulo, tiwona momwe zidazi zingasinthire zinthu zabwino, kupangitsa gulu lanu kuchita bwino.
M'ndandanda wazopezekamo
Onani zida za Continuous Improvement
- Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kukonzekera kwa Hoshin Kanri Kuti Mupambane Kwanthawi yayitali Kuyambira Pano
- Chithunzi cha Ishikawa Chitsanzo | Kalozera wapapang'onopang'ono kuti athe Kuthetsa Mavuto Mogwira Ntchito
- Zisanu Chifukwa Chake Njira | Tanthauzo, Ubwino, Kagwiritsidwe (+ Chitsanzo)
- Kodi Theory Of Constraints ndi chiyani? Upangiri Wosavuta Wowonjezera Mwachangu
- 6 Sigma DMAIC | Njira Yoyendetsera Ntchito Yabwino Kwambiri
Kodi Zida Zowonjezereka Zopitirizabe Ndi Chiyani?
Zida zowonjezera nthawi zonse ndi zida, njira, ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popititsa patsogolo ntchito, kuwongolera njira, ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko chokhazikika m'mabungwe. Chida ichi chimathandiza kuzindikira madera omwe angasinthidwe, chimathandizira kuthetsa mavuto, ndikukulitsa chikhalidwe cha kuphunzira mosalekeza ndi kupita patsogolo mkati mwa bungwe.
Zida Zowonjezereka Zopitilira
Nazi zida ndi njira zopititsira patsogolo 10 zomwe zimakhala ngati nyali zowongolera, zowunikira njira yakukula, zatsopano, ndi kupambana.
#1 - PDCA Cycle: Maziko a Kupititsa patsogolo Kupititsa patsogolo
Pamtima pakusintha kosalekeza ndi Mtengo wapatali wa magawo PDCA - Konzani, Chitani, Chongani, Chitani. Kubwereza uku kumapereka dongosolo lokonzekera kuti mabungwe aziyendetsa bwino.
Ndondomeko:
Mabungwe amayamba ndikuzindikira madera omwe angasinthidwe, kukhazikitsa zolinga, ndikukonzekera. Gawo lokonzekerali limaphatikizapo kusanthula njira zomwe zilipo kale, kumvetsetsa momwe zilili panopa, ndi kukhazikitsa zolinga zenizeni.
Kodi;
Ndondomekoyi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono kuyesa kugwira ntchito kwake. Gawoli ndilofunika kusonkhanitsa deta ndi chidziwitso chenicheni cha dziko. Kumaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa zosintha ndi kuyang'anitsitsa momwe zinthu zikuyendera.
Onani:
Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa, bungwe limayesa zotsatira. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyeza magwiridwe antchito ndi zolinga zomwe zakhazikitsidwa, kusonkhanitsa deta yoyenera, ndikuwunika ngati kusintha kumabweretsa kusintha komwe kukufunika.
Chitani:
Kutengera kuunikako, pangani zosintha zoyenera. Kusintha kopambana kumayendetsedwa pamlingo wokulirapo, ndipo kuzungulira kumayambiranso. Kuzungulira kwa PDCA ndi chida champhamvu chomwe chimalimbikitsa kuphunzira mosalekeza ndikusintha.
#2 - Kaizen: Kupititsa patsogolo Kupitilira kuchokera ku Core
Kaizen, kutanthauza "kusintha kuti ukhale wabwino," amalankhula za filosofi ya kusintha kosalekeza yomwe imatsindika kupanga kusintha kwakung'ono, kowonjezereka kosasintha kuti tipeze kusintha kwakukulu pakapita nthawi.
Masitepe ang'onoang'ono, zotsatira zazikulu:
Njira yopititsira patsogolo Kaizen imakhudza antchito onse, kuyambira akuluakulu akuluakulu mpaka ogwira ntchito patsogolo. Mwa kulimbikitsa chikhalidwe cha kusintha kosalekeza pamlingo uliwonse, mabungwe amapatsa mphamvu magulu awo kuzindikira ndi kukhazikitsa zosintha zazing'ono zomwe pamodzi zimabweretsa kusintha kwakukulu.
Kuphunzira mosalekeza:
Kaizen amalimbikitsa malingaliro ophunzirira mosalekeza ndikusintha, amamanga pakuchitapo kanthu kwa ogwira ntchito, ndikugwiritsa ntchito luntha la ogwira ntchito kuti athandizire kukonza njira ndi machitidwe.
#3 - Six Sigma: Kuyendetsa Bwino Kupyolera mu Data
Zida zopititsira patsogolo Six Sigma ndi njira yoyendetsedwa ndi data yomwe cholinga chake ndi kukonza njira yabwino pozindikira ndikuchotsa zolakwika. Imagwiritsa ntchito njira ya DMAIC - Kutanthauzira, Kuyeza, Kusanthula, Kuwongolera, ndi Kuwongolera.
- Fotokozani: Mabungwe amayamba ndi kufotokoza momveka bwino vuto lomwe akufuna kuthetsa. Izi zimaphatikizapo kumvetsetsa zofunikira za makasitomala ndikukhazikitsa zolinga zenizeni, zomwe zingapimizidwe kuti zitheke.
- Lingani: Zomwe zikuchitika panopa zimayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito deta yoyenera ndi ma metrics. Gawoli likuphatikizapo kusonkhanitsa ndi kusanthula deta kuti mudziwe kukula kwa vuto ndi zotsatira zake.
- Unikani: M’gawo limeneli, gwero la vutoli limadziŵika. Zida zowerengera ndi njira zowunikira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti amvetsetse zomwe zimayambitsa zolakwika kapena zoperewera.
- Sinthani: Kutengera kusanthula, zowongolera zimapangidwa. Gawoli limayang'ana kwambiri kukhathamiritsa njira zochotsera zolakwika ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.
- Kudzetsa: Kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zikuyenda bwino, njira zowongolera zimakhazikitsidwa. Izi zikuphatikiza kuyang'anira ndi kuyeza kosalekeza kuti phindu lipezeke popititsa patsogolo.
#4 - 5S Njira: Kukonzekera Kuchita Bwino
Njira ya 5S ndi njira yoyendetsera ntchito yomwe cholinga chake ndi kukonza bwino komanso chitetezo. Ma S asanu - Sanjani, Khazikitsani, Walani, Sanjani, Sungani - amapereka njira yokhazikika yokonzekera ndi kusunga malo ogwira ntchito.
- mtundu: Chotsani zinthu zosafunikira, kuchepetsa zinyalala ndikuwonjezera mphamvu.
- Khazikitsani Mwadongosolo: Konzani zinthu zotsala mwadongosolo kuti muchepetse nthawi yosaka ndikuwongoletsa kayendedwe ka ntchito.
- wala: Ikani patsogolo ukhondo kuti mukhale ndi chitetezo chokwanira, kukulitsa makhalidwe abwino, ndi kuchuluka kwa zokolola.
- Sinthani: Khazikitsani ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zokhazikika zamachitidwe okhazikika.
- Kusamalira: Khazikitsani chikhalidwe chakusintha kosalekeza kuti mutsimikizire zopindulitsa zokhalitsa kuchokera ku machitidwe a 5S.
#5 - Kanban: Kuwona Mayendedwe Antchito Kuti Akhale Mwachangu
Kanban ndi chida choyang'anira zowonera chomwe chimathandiza magulu kuyang'anira ntchito powonera kayendedwe ka ntchito. Kuchokera ku mfundo zopangira zowonda, Kanban wapeza kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana kuti azitha kuyendetsa bwino ntchito ndikuchepetsa zovuta.
Kuwona Ntchito:
Kanban amagwiritsa ntchito matabwa owoneka, omwe amagawidwa m'mizere yoyimira magawo osiyanasiyana a ndondomeko. Ntchito iliyonse kapena ntchito iliyonse imayimiridwa ndi khadi, zomwe zimalola magulu kuti azitha kuyang'ana momwe zikuyendera komanso kuzindikira zomwe zingayambitse.
Kuchepetsa Ntchito Ikupita Patsogolo (WIP):
Kuti agwire bwino ntchito, a Kanban amalimbikitsa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito zomwe zikuchitika nthawi imodzi. Izi zimathandiza kupewa kulemetsa gulu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito yamalizidwa bwino ntchito zatsopano zisanayambe.
Kupitiliza Kupitiliza:
Mawonekedwe a ma board a Kanban amathandizira kusintha kosalekeza. Magulu amatha kuzindikira mwachangu malo omwe akuchedwa kapena osachita bwino, kulola kusintha kwanthawi yake kuti akwaniritse bwino ntchito.
#6 - Total Quality Management (TQM)
Total Quality Management (TQM) ndi njira yoyang'anira yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri pakuchita bwino kwanthawi yayitali kudzera pakukhutira kwamakasitomala. Zimaphatikizapo kuyesetsa kopitilira muyeso m'mbali zonse za bungwe, kuyambira njira mpaka anthu.
Kuyikira Kwambiri kwa Makasitomala:
Kumvetsetsa ndi kukwaniritsa zosowa za makasitomala ndizofunikira kwambiri pa Total Quality Management (TQM). Popereka zinthu zabwino kapena ntchito zabwino nthawi zonse, mabungwe amatha kupanga kukhulupirika kwamakasitomala ndikuwonjezera mwayi wawo wampikisano.
Chikhalidwe Chopititsa patsogolo:
TQM imafuna kusintha kwa chikhalidwe mkati mwa bungwe. Ogwira ntchito m'magulu onse akulimbikitsidwa kutenga nawo mbali pazochitika zowonjezera, kulimbikitsa malingaliro a umwini ndi kuyankha pa khalidwe.
Kupanga zisankho zoyendetsedwa ndi data:
TQM imadalira deta kuti idziwitse kupanga zisankho. Kuwunika kosalekeza ndi kuyeza kwa njira kumathandizira mabungwe kuzindikira madera omwe akuyenera kusintha ndikuwongolera bwino.
#7 - Kusanthula Zomwe Zimayambitsa: Kukumba Mozama Kuti Mupeze Mayankho
Njira yowunikira chifukwa cha mizu ndi njira yodziwira chomwe chimayambitsa vuto. Pothana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa, mabungwe amatha kuletsa kubweranso kwa zovuta.
Zithunzi za Fishbone (Ishikawa):
Chida chowonerachi chimathandizira magulu kufufuza mwadongosolo zomwe zingayambitse vuto, kuziyika m'magulu osiyanasiyana monga anthu, njira, zida, ndi chilengedwe.
5 Chifukwa:
Njira ya 5 Whys imaphatikizapo kufunsa “chifukwa chiyani” mobwerezabwereza kuti mufufuze gwero la vuto. Pofufuza mozama ndi "chifukwa" chilichonse, magulu amatha kuvumbulutsa zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa vuto.
Fault Tree Analysis:
Njirayi imaphatikizapo kupanga chithunzithunzi cha zonse zomwe zingayambitse vuto linalake. Zimathandizira kuzindikira zinthu zomwe zimathandizira komanso maubale awo, ndikuthandiza kuzindikira chomwe chimayambitsa.
#8 - Kusanthula kwa Pareto: Lamulo la 80/20 Likugwira Ntchito
Kusanthula kwa Pareto, kutengera lamulo la 80/20, kumathandiza mabungwe kuti aziyika patsogolo zoyeserera poyang'ana zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimayambitsa vuto.
- Kuzindikira Zochepa Zofunika: Kusanthula uku kumaphatikizapo kuzindikira zinthu zingapo zofunika zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ambiri (80%) akhale ndi mavuto kapena zolephera.
- Konzani Zothandizira: Poyang'ana kuyesetsa kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri, mabungwe amatha kukulitsa zopezeka ndikuchita bwino kwambiri.
- Kuwunika mosalekeza: Pareto Analysis si ntchito yanthawi imodzi; zimafunika kuwunika mosalekeza kuti zigwirizane ndi kusintha kwa zinthu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zikuyenda bwino.
Maganizo Final
Kuwongolera kosalekeza kumakhudza njira zoyenga, kulimbikitsa zatsopano, ndi kulimbikitsa chikhalidwe chakukula. Kupambana kwaulendowu kumadalira kuphatikiza mwanzeru zida zosiyanasiyana zopititsira patsogolo, kuyambira kuzungulira kwa PDCA kupita ku njira yosinthira ya Kaizen.
Kuyang'ana m'tsogolo, teknoloji ndiyomwe imayendetsa bwino. AhaSlides, ndi zake zidindo ndi Mawonekedwe, kumawonjezera misonkhano ndi kukambirana, kupereka malo ogwiritsira ntchito ogwiritsa ntchito kuti agwirizane bwino ndi magawo opanga. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida ngati AhaSlides kumathandiza mabungwe kukhala osasunthika ndikubweretsa malingaliro anzeru mbali iliyonse yaulendo wawo wopitilira patsogolo. Mwa kuwongolera kulumikizana ndi mgwirizano, AhaSlides imathandizira magulu kuti azigwira ntchito moyenera komanso moyenera.
Mafunso Okhudza Zida Zopititsira patsogolo
Kodi njira 3 zopititsira patsogolo nthawi zonse ndi ziti?
PDCA Cycle (Plan-Do-Check-Act), Kaizen (Zosintha zazing'ono zosalekeza), ndi Six Sigma (Njira yoyendetsedwa ndi data).
Kodi zida ndi njira za CI ndi chiyani?
Zida ndi njira zopititsira patsogolo ndi PDCA Cycle, Kaizen, Six Sigma, 5S Methodology, Kanban, Total Quality Management, Root Cause Analysis, ndi Pareto Analysis.
Kodi kaizen ndi chida chowongolera mosalekeza?
Inde, Kaizen ndi chida chopititsira patsogolo chomwe chinachokera ku Japan. Zimachokera ku filosofi yakuti kusintha kwakung'ono, kowonjezereka kungapangitse kusintha kwakukulu pakapita nthawi.
Kodi zitsanzo za pulogalamu yowonjezera mosalekeza ndi chiyani?
Zitsanzo za Mapulogalamu Opitiriza Kupititsa patsogolo: Toyota Production System, Lean Manufacturing, Agile Management ndi Total Productive Maintenance (TPM).
Kodi zida za Six Sigma ndi chiyani?
Zida Zisanu ndi Zimodzi za Sigma: DMAIC (Tanthauzani, Muyese, Sanizani, Sinthani, Kulamulira), Statistical Process Control (SPC), Ma chart Charts, Pareto Analysis, Fishbone Diagrams (Ishikawa) ndi 5 Whys.
Kodi 4 ndi njira yopititsira patsogolo yotani?
4A Continuous Improvement Model ili ndi Chidziwitso, Kusanthula, Kuchita, ndi Kusintha. Imatsogolera mabungwe pozindikira kufunika kowongoleredwa, kusanthula njira, kukhazikitsa zosintha, ndikusintha mosalekeza kuti apite patsogolo.
