Kapangidwe kabwino ka bungwe, kokhudza kasamalidwe ka antchito ndi magwiridwe antchito, ndizomwe pafupifupi makampani onse, mosasamala kanthu za kukula kwake, amaika patsogolo. Kwa makampani omwe ali ndi katundu wathunthu kapena misika yambiri yapadziko lonse lapansi, magulu amagulu akuwoneka bwino. Kodi izo nzoona?
Kuti tiyankhe funsoli, palibe njira yabwinoko kuposa kupita patsogolo pa lingaliro ili, kuphunzira kuchokera ku zitsanzo zopambana, ndi kuwunika mwatsatanetsatane za dongosolo lamagulu ku zolinga za nthawi yaitali za kampani. Onani nkhaniyi ndikupeza njira zabwino zopangira kapena kukonzanso bungwe lanu.
| Ndi mitundu yanji yamagulu amagulu? | Magawo azinthu, magawo a Makasitomala, Magawo a Njira, ndi magawo a Geographical. |
| Kodi Microsoft imatenga gawo la bungwe? | Inde, Microsoft ili ndi gulu lamagulu amtundu wazinthu. |
| Kodi Nike ndi gawo lagawo? | Inde, Nike ili ndi gulu la magawo osiyanasiyana. |
M'ndandanda wazopezekamo:
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Kodi Divisional Organisation Structure ndi chiyani?
Lingaliro la magawo abungwe limachokera ku kufunikira kopanga zisankho m'magawo onse ndikuchita bwino kwambiri m'mabungwe akulu ndi ovuta.
Kuwonekera kwa ndondomeko ya bungwe ili ndi cholinga cholimbikitsa gawo lililonse kuti lizigwira ntchito mopanda malire ndikupanga zisankho mofulumira, zomwe zingayambitse zokolola ndi zopindulitsa. Gawo lirilonse limatha kugwira ntchito ngati kampani yodziyimira yokha, kugwira ntchito pazifukwa zinazake, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumaphatikiza ukadaulo wambiri (kupanga, kutsatsa, kuwerengera ndalama, ndalama, zothandizira anthu) zomwe zimafunikira kukwaniritsa zolinga zake.
Ngati mukuganiza ngati kampani yanu iyenera kupanga magawo agulu, ndizovomerezeka kungokwaniritsa chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi:
- Kugulitsa mizere yayikulu yoyang'ana makasitomala
- Gwirani ntchito pamabizinesi onse a B2C-kwa-makasitomala ndi ma B2B mabizinesi kupita ku bizinesi
- Cholinga chofuna kutsata anthu osiyanasiyana
- Pangani mtundu wawo m'malo osiyanasiyana
- Kutumikira makasitomala akuluakulu omwe amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera
Ndikofunikiranso kuphunzira za kamangidwe ka magulu ambiri. Onsewo ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza a mtundu wa dongosolo la bungwe momwe kampaniyo imagawidwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana, omwe ali ndi udindo pazogulitsa, ntchito, kapena dera linalake. Zowonadi, amawonetsa lingaliro lomwelo. Komabe, kusiyana kokha ndi mawu akuti "magawo ambiri" amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku United States, pamene mawu akuti "gawo" amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku United Kingdom.
zokhudzana:
Kodi Mitundu 4 ya Zomangamanga Zamagulu ndi Zitsanzo ndi Ziti?
Magawo amagulu sizinthu zonse. Nthawi yotakatayi imatha kugawidwa m'mitundu inayi kuphatikiza malonda, kasitomala, ndondomeko, ndi magawo a malo. Gulu lililonse lamagulu limakwaniritsa cholinga chake ndipo ndikofunikira kuti kampani igwiritse ntchito moyenera.
Magawano azinthu
Kugawikana kwazinthu ndi njira yodziwika bwino yamagawo masiku ano, yomwe imatanthawuza momwe mizere yazinthu imafotokozera kapangidwe ka kampani.
Mwachitsanzo, General Motors, adapanga magawo anayi opangira zinthu: Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, ndi GMC. Gawo lirilonse limathandizidwa mokwanira ndi gulu lake lofufuza ndi chitukuko, ntchito zake zopanga, ndi gulu lake lazamalonda. Zimakhulupirira kuti dongosolo lamagulu lamagulu linapangidwa koyamba kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 ndi Alfred P. Sloan, pulezidenti wa General Motors panthawiyo.
Magawo amakasitomala
Kwa makampani omwe ali ndi mbiri yamakasitomala athunthu, gawo lamakasitomala, kapena gawo loyang'ana msika ndiloyenera kwambiri chifukwa limawathandiza kuti azitumikira bwino magulu awo osiyanasiyana amakasitomala.
Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino cha Johnson & Johnson's 200. Kampaniyi ndi mpainiya pakugawa magawo abizinesi potengera makasitomala. Mwanjira iyi, kampaniyo imayika bizinesi m'magawo atatu ofunikira: mabizinesi ogula (zodzisamalira komanso zaukhondo zomwe zimagulitsidwa kwa anthu wamba), mankhwala (mankhwala omwe amagulitsidwa ku pharmacies), ndi bizinesi yaukadaulo (zida zamankhwala ndi zowunikira zomwe madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito. , madokotala a maso, zipatala, ma laboratories, ndi zipatala).
Magawano a ndondomeko
Magawano a ndondomeko amapangidwa kuti apititse patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka ntchito ndi chidziwitso, m'malo mokulitsa luso la dipatimenti iliyonse.
Dongosololi limagwira ntchito kuti liwongolere kutha mpaka kumapeto kwa njira zosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, kumaliza kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha chinthu ndikofunikira musanapite kunjira kupeza kasitomala. Momwemonso, njira yokwaniritsira madongosolo siyingayambike mpaka makasitomala atayang'aniridwa ndipo pali maoda oti akwaniritse.
Magawo a Geographical
Mabungwe akamagwira ntchito m'malo angapo, dongosolo lamagulu lamagulu ndi njira yabwino yothandizira kampani kuyankha mwachangu makasitomala amderalo.
Tengani Nestle mwachitsanzo. Bungwe lalikululi lidakulitsa chidwi chake potengera momwe amagawika ndi magawo omwe adagawidwa m'magawo asanu ofunikira, otchedwa New Geographic Zones, kuyambira 2022. Maderawa akuphatikiza Zone North America (NA), Zone Latin America (LATAM), Zone Europe (EUR ), Zone Asia, Oceania ndi Africa (AOA), ndi Zone Greater China (GC). Magawo onsewa amakwaniritsa malonda apachaka.
Kapangidwe ka Gulu Lamagulu - Zabwino ndi Zoyipa
Kufunika kwa kamangidwe kamagulu ndikosatsutsika, komabe, dziwani kuti kumabweretsanso zovuta zambiri. Nazi mwachidule za ubwino ndi kuipa kwa kamangidwe kameneka kamene muyenera kuyang'ana mosamala.
| ubwino | kuipa |
| Limbikitsani kuyankha momveka bwino, kuwonekera, ndi udindo m'magulu. | Ntchito ziyenera kubwerezedwa pamayunitsi onse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mtengo wokwera |
| Zimakupatsani mwayi wampikisano m'misika yam'deralo, komanso kuyankha mwachangu pakusintha kwanuko kapena zosowa zamakasitomala. | Kudziyimira pawokha kungayambitse kubwereza kwa zinthu. |
| Limbikitsani chikhalidwe chamakampani polola kuti pakhale mawonekedwe apadera pamagawo osiyanasiyana. | Zingakhale zovuta kusamutsa luso kapena machitidwe abwino ku bungwe lonse. |
| Malo ampikisano amatha kukhala athanzi pakupanga zatsopano komanso kukonza gawo lililonse. | Kusagwirizana kwa ntchito kumatha kuchitika komanso kukwera kwa mikangano. |
| Imathandizira kukula kwa kampani pophwanya ma silos a dipatimenti kuti scalability. | Kutha kwa mgwirizano kungathetsedwe mwa kulimbikitsa mgwirizano wamphamvu. |
Utsogoleri ndi kasamalidwe m'magawo amagulu
Zomwe olemba ntchito ndi atsogoleri angachite kuthandiza magawano kuthana ndi zovuta zamagulu amagulu. Nazi malingaliro abwino ochokera kwa akatswiri:
- Kukulitsa Mgwirizano ndi Kugwirira Ntchito Pagulu: Ndikofunikira kuti makampani azikhala ndi mgwirizano wamphamvu komanso mgwirizano pakati pa magawano. Kuti akwaniritse izi, olemba anzawo ntchito akhoza kulimbikitsa kukambirana momasuka pakati pa magawano ndikupanga masomphenya ogawana nawo kampaniyo, kugwirizanitsa magawo onse ndi zolinga zofanana.
- Kulimbikitsa zaluso ndi luso: Kupanga zinthu zatsopano, kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, komanso kukonza kwamakasitomala ndizinthu zingapo zomwe magawowa akuyesetsa kwambiri. Kuti athandize antchito kupanga malingaliro opanga, atsogoleri ayenera kutsindika kulimbikitsa ndi zolimbikitsa.
- Kuwongolera magulu omwe ali ndi luso la domain: Utsogoleri wochita bwino m'magawo onse ali ndi udindo wozindikira ndi kukulitsa maluso apadera mugawo lililonse. Atsogoleri akuyenera kutsogolera maphunziro opitilira komanso kukulitsa luso kuti awonetsetse kuti magulu azikhala patsogolo pa chidziwitso chamakampani.
- Kulimbikitsa mayankho a digirii 360: Atsogoleri alimbikitse chikhalidwe cha Ndemanga za 360-degree, kumene ogwira ntchito pamagulu onse ali ndi mwayi wopereka ndemanga kwa anzawo ndi atsogoleri. Kubwereza kwa mayankhowa kumathandizira kuzindikira madera omwe angasinthidwe, kulimbikitsa kukula kwamunthu, komanso kukulitsa mphamvu zamagulu onse.
Momwe mungakhazikitsire bwino dongosolo la bungwe? Pankhani yokonza dongosolo la bungwe, pali madalaivala anayi oti aganizire:
- Njira zogulitsira malonda: Momwe bizinesi ikukonzekera kuwongolera gawo lililonse lamsika wamalonda momwe lingapikisane.
- Njira zamabizinesi: Kodi cholinga cha kampaniyo ndi chiyani kuti chikhale ndi mwayi wampikisano kuposa omwe amapikisana nawo pa msika wazinthu?
- Zothandizira anthu: Maluso ndi malingaliro a ogwira ntchito ndi magawo oyang'anira mkati mwa bungwe.
- Zolepheretsa: PESTLE ZINTHU, kuphatikizapo chikhalidwe, chilengedwe, malamulo, ndi zamkati zingalepheretse kusankha njira.
Zitengera Zapadera
💡Ngati mukuyang'ana utsogoleri ndi kasamalidwe kabwino komwe ogwira ntchito angawongolere magwiridwe antchito awo ndikuchita nawo kampani, omasuka kulumikizanani. Chidwi. Ndi chida chowonetsera chodabwitsa chomwe chimalola kuyanjana ndi mgwirizano pakati pa omwe akutenga nawo mbali pazokonda zenizeni komanso mwamunthu.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
mwachitsanzo, gawo logawanitsa la bungwe ndi chiyani?
M'magawo abungwe, magawo amakampani amatha kuyang'anira chuma chawo, makamaka akugwira ntchito ngati makampani odziyimira okha m'bungwe lalikulu, ndi ndondomeko yosiyana ya phindu ndi kutayika (P&L). Zikutanthauzanso kuti mbali zina zabizinesi sizingakhudzidwe ngati magawo alephera.
Tesla, mwachitsanzo, ali ndi magawo osiyana a magalimoto amagetsi, mphamvu (dzuwa ndi mabatire), komanso kuyendetsa galimoto. Chitsanzochi chimalola kuti chigwirizane ndi mafakitale osiyanasiyana ndikulimbikitsa gawo lililonse kuti likhale lofunika kwambiri pazatsopano ndi kupita patsogolo.
Mabungwe 4 ndi ati?
Mitundu inayi yamagulu a bungwe ndi yogwira ntchito, yogawanitsa, yosalala, ndi matrix.
- Kapangidwe kantchito kamaphatikiza antchito kutengera luso lawo, mwa kuyankhula kwina, mtundu wa ntchito zomwe amachita, monga kutsatsa, ndalama, ntchito, ndi zothandizira anthu.
- Kapangidwe ka Multi-divisional (kapena Divisional) ndi mtundu wa magawo odziyimira pawokha okhala ndi mawonekedwe ake omwe amagwira ntchito. Gawo lirilonse limayang'anira malonda, msika, kapena dera linalake.
- Mu dongosolo lathyathyathya, pali zochepa kapena palibe zigawo za kayendetsedwe kapakati pakati pa ogwira ntchito ndi akuluakulu akuluakulu.
- Kapangidwe ka matrix kumaphatikiza zinthu zonse zogwirira ntchito komanso magawo, pomwe ogwira ntchito amauza mamanenjala angapo:
N'chifukwa chiyani magawo a bungwe?
Zimanenedwa kuti gulu lamagulu lingathe kuthetsa mavuto a bungwe loyang'anira pakati. Chifukwa chake ndikuthandizira kugawa mphamvu pakati pa bungwe la makolo (mwachitsanzo, likulu) ndi nthambi zake.
Kodi Coca-Cola ndi gulu lamagulu?
Inde, mofanana ndi makampani ambiri apadziko lonse, Coca-Cola amagwiritsa ntchito magawo a ntchito ndi malo. Magawo awa, omwe kampaniyo imawazindikira kuti ndi magawo omwe akufuna, ndi Europe, Middle East & Africa (EMEA). Latini Amerika. North America, ndi Asia Pacific.
Ref: Poyeneradi | Mabuku osindikizira
