Chitsogozo cha Kukambitsirana kwa Mfundo Zopambana | Zitsanzo mu 2024 ndi Best Strategy

Kukambitsirana sikungokhudza zithunzi za nkhondo zolimba, zopambana-kutaya, kusiya gulu limodzi lopambana ndipo linalo likudzimva kuti lagonjetsedwa. Ndi njira yabwinoko yomwe imatchedwa kukambirana mfundo, kumene chilungamo ndi mgwirizano zimakhala zofunika kwambiri. 

Mu positi iyi yapabulogu, tikudziwitsani za dziko lamakambirano okhazikika, kufotokoza tanthauzo lake, mfundo zinayi zofunika zomwe zimatsogolera, zabwino ndi zoyipa zake, ndi zitsanzo zake. Chifukwa chake, ngati mwakonzeka kukulitsa luso lanu loyankhulirana ndikumanga maubale olimba, pitilizani kuwerenga!

M'ndandanda wazopezekamo 

• Kodi Kukambirana kwa Principles N'chiyani?
• Kodi Mfundo Zinayi Zokambirana Zogwirizana Ndi Chiyani
• Ubwino ndi Kuipa Kwa Kukambitsirana Kokhazikika
• Mfundo Zokambirana Zitsanzo
• Kuwona Mfundo Zokambirana Njira
• Zitengera Zapadera
• FAQs

Malangizo Othandizira Kuchita Bwino

• Mitundu Yakukambirana
• Kukambilana makontrakitala
• Distributive bargaing

Kodi Kukambirana kwa Principles N'chiyani?

Kukambitsirana kokhazikika, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti kukambirana motengera chidwi, ndi njira yogwirizira kuthetsa kusamvana ndi kupanga mapangano. M’malo moika maganizo pa kupambana kapena kuluza, limagogomezera chilungamo ndi kupindulitsana. 

Idapangidwa ndi Roger Fisher ndi William Ury ku Harvard Negotiation Project mu 1980s. Adafotokoza njira iyi m'buku lawo lodziwika bwino ".Kufika ku Inde: Kukambirana Pangano Popanda Kupereka,” lofalitsidwa koyamba mu 1981.

Kukambitsirana kwa mfundo kumakhala kothandiza makamaka pamene mbali zikufuna kusunga maubwenzi, kufika pa mapangano okhalitsa, ndi kupeŵa mphamvu za adani zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zokambirana zachikhalidwe, zopikisana.

Kodi Mfundo Zinayi Zakukambirana Koyamba Ndi Chiyani?

Nazi mfundo 4 zokambilana zamtunduwu:

1/ Lekanitsa Anthu ku Vutoli: 

Pakukambilana kokhazikika, cholinga chake chimakhala pa nkhani yomwe ili pafupi, osati kuwukira kapena kuimba mlandu anthu. Zimalimbikitsa kulankhulana mwaulemu ndi kumvetsetsa maganizo a gulu lirilonse.

2/ Yang'anani pa Zokonda, Osati Maudindo: 

M'malo motsatira zofuna kapena maudindo, okambirana amafufuza zokonda ndi zosowa za magulu onse. Pozindikira zomwe zili zofunika ku mbali iliyonse, atha kupeza mayankho aluso omwe amakhutitsa aliyense.

3/ Yambitsani Njira Zopezera Mapindu: 

Kukambirana koyenera kumalimbikitsa kulingalira njira zingapo zomwe zingatheke. Njirayi imapanga zosankha zambiri ndi mwayi wa mgwirizano womwe umapindulitsa onse omwe akukhudzidwa.

4/ Limbikitsani Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zolinga Zolinga: 

M'malo modalira masewero amphamvu, monga kuti ndi ndani wamphamvu kapena woposerapo, kukambirana kokhazikika kumagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zachilungamo komanso zopanda tsankho poyesa malingaliro ndikupanga zisankho. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti zotulukapo zimakhazikika pamalingaliro ndi chilungamo.

Ubwino ndi Kuipa Kwa Kukambitsirana Kokhazikika

Ubwino wa Kukambitsirana kwa Principled:

• Zabwino ndi Zoyenera: Kukambitsirana kokhazikika kumatsindika chilungamo ndi khalidwe labwino, kulimbikitsa chilungamo pa zokambirana.
• Sungani Maubale: Zimathandizira kusunga kapena kukonza maubwenzi pakati pa magulu poyang'ana mgwirizano osati mpikisano.
• Creative Kuthetsa Mavuto: Poyang'ana zokonda ndi zosankha, zokambiranazi zimalimbikitsa njira zothetsera mavuto zomwe zingapindulitse mbali zonse.
• Amachepetsa Kusamvana: Imakhudzanso zomwe zili zofunika komanso zokonda, kuchepetsa kuthekera kwa mikangano yomwe ikuchulukirachulukira.
• Mgwirizano Wanthawi Yaitali: Kukambitsirana kotsatira mfundo kaŵirikaŵiri kumabweretsa mapangano okhalitsa chifukwa azikidwa pa kumvetsetsana ndi chilungamo.
• Amamanga Chikhulupiliro: Chikhulupiriro chimakulitsidwa mwa kulankhulana momasuka ndi kudzipereka ku chilungamo, zomwe zingayambitse kukambirana kopambana.
• Win-Win Zotsatira: Imafunafuna mayankho omwe mbali zonse zimapezapo kanthu, kupangitsa chisangalalo kwa onse okhudzidwa.

Kuipa kwa Principle Negotiation:

• Zotha nthawi: Ntchitoyi ikhoza kukhala nthawi yambiri, chifukwa imaphatikizapo kufufuza mozama za zokonda ndi zosankha.
• Sizoyenera Pazochitika Zonse: M'mikhalidwe yopikisana kwambiri kapena yotsutsana, kukambirana kokhazikika sikungakhale kothandiza ngati njira zodzidalira.
• Pamafunika Mgwirizano: Kupambana kumadalira kufunitsitsa kwa mbali zonse kugwirizana ndikuchita zokambirana zolimbikitsa.
• Kusalinganika Kotheka kwa Mphamvu: Nthawi zina, gulu limodzi limakhala ndi mphamvu zochulukirapo, kotero kuti zokambirana zokhazikika sizingafanane ndi gawo.
• Osati Nthawi Zonse Kupeza Win-Win: Ngakhale kuyesetsa kwambiri, kupeza zotsatira zenizeni zopambana sikungatheke nthawi zonse, kutengera mikhalidwe ndi maphwando okhudzidwa.

Mfundo Zokambirana Zitsanzo

Nazi zitsanzo zosavuta za zokambiranazi zikugwira ntchito:

1. Mgwirizano wa Bizinesi:

Amalonda awiri, Sarah ndi David, akufuna kuyambitsa bizinesi limodzi. Onse ali ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana okhudza dzina ndi logo. M’malo mokangana, amagwiritsa ntchito kukambirana motsatira mfundo za m’Baibulo. 

• Amakambirana zokonda zawo, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuzindikirika ndi mtundu wawo komanso kukondana kwawo. 
• Amasankha kupanga dzina lapadera lomwe limaphatikiza zinthu kuchokera kumalingaliro awo onse ndikupanga logo yomwe ikuwonetsa masomphenya awo onse. 
• Mwanjira imeneyi, amafika pachigwirizano chomwe chimakwaniritsa mbali zonse ziwiri ndikukhazikitsa kamvekedwe kabwino ka mgwirizano wawo.

2. Kusagwirizana Pantchito:

Kuntchito, antchito anzawo awiri, Emily ndi Mike, amasemphana maganizo pankhani ya kugaŵana ntchito pa ntchito inayake. M’malo mokangana kwambiri, iwo amagwiritsa ntchito kukambirana motsatira mfundo za m’Baibulo. 

• Amalankhula za zomwe amakonda, monga kuchuluka kwa ntchito yabwino komanso kupambana kwa projekiti. 
• Amaganiza zogawira ena ntchito motengera mphamvu ndi zokonda za munthu aliyense, kupanga magawo ogwirizana ndi ogwira ntchito.
•  Njirayi imachepetsa kukangana ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale mgwirizano wogwira ntchito bwino.

Kuwona Mfundo Zokambirana Njira

Nayi njira yosavuta yomwe mungatsatire kuti muthane ndi mikangano ndikukwaniritsa mgwirizano muzochitika zosiyanasiyana.

1/ Kukonzekera:

• Dziwani Zokonda: Musanayambe kukambirana, khalani ndi nthawi yomvetsetsa zokonda zanu ndi zofuna za mnzanuyo. Kodi nonse mukufuna chiyani pazokambiranazi?
• Sungani Zambiri: Sonkhanitsani mfundo zoyenera ndi deta kuti muthandizire malingaliro anu. Zambiri zomwe muli nazo, mlandu wanu udzakhala wamphamvu.
• Kutanthauzira BATNA: Dziwani Njira Yanu Yabwino Kwambiri Pamgwirizano Wokambirana (BATNA). Ili ndiye dongosolo lanu losunga zobwezeretsera ngati zokambirana sizikuyenda bwino. Kudziwa BATNA yanu kumalimbitsa malo anu.

2/ Mfundo Zinayi Zakukambirana Kokhazikika

Mukamaliza kukonzekera, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito Mfundo Zinayi Zakukambirana Zomwe Zatchulidwa pamwambapa:

• Kulekanitsa Anthu ku Vuto
• Ganizirani Zokonda, Osati Maudindo
• Pangani Zosankha Kuti Mupindule
• Limbikitsani Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zolinga Zolinga

3 / Kulumikizana:

Onse awiri amagawana malingaliro awo ndi zokonda zawo, ndikuyika maziko a zokambiranazo.

• Kumvetsera Mwachangu: Munganene kuti, “Ndamva mukunena kuti mukuda nkhawa ndi mtengo wake. Kodi mungandiuze zambiri za izi?"
• Funsani Mafunso: Mungafunse kuti, “Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zimene zili zofunika kwambiri kwa inu pa zokambiranazi?”
• Kufotokozera Zomwe Mumakonda: Munganene kuti, “Ndikufuna kuti ntchitoyi ichitike pa nthawi yake komanso mogwirizana ndi bajeti. Ndikuda nkhawanso ndi ubwino wa ntchito.”

4/ Kukambirana:

• Pangani Mtengo: Yesani kukulitsa chitumbuwacho popeza njira zopangira kuti mgwirizano ukhale wopindulitsa mbali zonse ziwiri.
• Kusinthanitsa: Khalani okonzeka kuvomereza pa nkhani zosafunika kwenikweni kuti mupindule pa zinthu zofunika kwambiri.
• Pewani Kukangana Kosafunika: Sungani njira yokambilanayo mwamtendere momwe mungathere. Osapanga zigawenga kapena kuwopseza.

5/ Mgwirizano:

• Lembani Mgwirizano: Lembani mgwirizanowo polemba, kufotokoza zonse zomwe zikugwirizana nazo.
• Unikani ndi Kutsimikizira: Onetsetsani kuti onse awiri amvetsetsa ndikuvomereza zomwe zili mu mgwirizano musanamalize mgwirizano.

6/ Kukhazikitsa ndi Kutsatira:

• Chitanipo kanthu pa Mgwirizanowu: Onse awiri akuyenera kukwaniritsa zomwe adagwirizana. 
• Unikani: Unikaninso mgwirizanowu pafupipafupi kuti muwonetsetse kuti ukukwaniritsa zofuna za onse awiri.

Zitengera Zapadera

Kukambitsirana kwa Mfundo Zazikulu kumalimbikitsa chilungamo ndi mgwirizano, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yothandiza pazochitika zosiyanasiyana. Kuti muwonjezere njira yanu yokambilana ndikupereka malingaliro anu moyenera, lingalirani kugwiritsa ntchito Chidwi. Yathu mbali zokambirana ndi zidindo ndi zida zamtengo wapatali zochitira zinthu ndi enawo, kulimbikitsa kumvetsetsana, ndi kufikira mapangano opindulitsa onse awiri.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Ref: The Program on Negotiation ku Harvard Law School | Akatswiri Ogwira Ntchito