Kutsegula Mwachangu | Mfundo 5 Zazikulu Zakupangira Zowonda | 2024 Kuwulura

Ganizirani njira yopangira zinthu zomwe palibe chomwe chimawonongeka, sitepe iliyonse imapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale bwino, ndipo mumagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zanu zonse mwanzeru. Ndicho chiyambi cha kupanga zowonda. Ngati munayamba mwadzifunsapo momwe makampani ena amatha kupangira zambiri ndi zochepa, mwatsala pang'ono kupeza zinsinsi. Mu positi iyi yabulogu, tifufuza Mfundo zazikuluzikulu 5 zopanga zowonda, kukutengani paulendo kudzera m'njira yomwe yathandizira mabizinesi ambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

M'ndandanda wazopezekamo 

• Kodi Lean Manufacturing Ndi Chiyani?
• Ubwino Wopanga Zinthu Zotsamira
• Mfundo 5 Zopangira Zopanda Pang'ono
  • 1/ Mtengo: Kupereka Zomwe Zimakhudza Makasitomala
  • 2/ Mapu Amtundu Wamtundu: Kuwona Kuyenda kwa Ntchito
  • 3/ Kuyenda: Kuonetsetsa Kupita Patsogolo Kopanda Msoko
  • 4/ Kokani Dongosolo: Kuyankha Zofuna
  • 5/ Kupititsa patsogolo Kupititsa patsogolo (Kaizen)
• Maganizo Final
• Mafunso Okhudza Mfundo Zazikulu Za Kupanga Zinthu Zotsamira

Kodi Lean Manufacturing Ndi Chiyani?

Kupanga zowonda ndi njira yokhazikika yopangira, yomwe cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa zinyalala, kuwonjezera mphamvu, komanso kupereka phindu kwa makasitomala. Njira iyi idachokera ku Toyota Production System (TPS) ndipo tsopano yalandiridwa padziko lonse lapansi ndi mafakitale ndi mabizinesi osiyanasiyana. 

Cholinga chachikulu chopanga zinthu zowonda ndi kufewetsa kapangidwe kake pozindikira ndikuchotsa zinthu zilizonse zosafunikira, zida, kapena zinthu zina zomwe sizithandizira mwachindunji ku chinthu chomaliza kapena ntchito. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa ndondomekoyi ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino.

Ubwino Wopanga Zinthu Zotsamira

Kupanga zowonda kumapereka maubwino angapo kumakampani omwe akufuna kukonza ntchito zawo. Nazi zabwino zisanu:

• Kusunga ndalama: Kupanga zowonda kumazindikiritsa ndikuchotsa zinyalala munjira, potero kumachepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito. Izi zitha kuphatikizira kutsika mtengo kwazinthu, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, komanso kukonzanso pang'ono, ndikuwonjezera phindu lamakampani.
• Wonjezerani mphamvu: Mwa kuwongolera njira, kuchotsa zolepheretsa, ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito, kupanga zowonda kumawonjezera magwiridwe antchito. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mabizinesi atha kupanga zochuluka ndi kuchuluka komweko kwazinthu kapena zochepa, kupindula kwambiri ndi ndalama zawo.
• Ubwino wowongoleredwa: Kupanga zowonda kumayang'ana kwambiri kuzindikira ndi kuthetsa zomwe zimayambitsa zolakwika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale zabwino kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza zolakwika zochepa, kukonzanso kochepa, komanso kukhutira kwamakasitomala.
• Kutumiza mwachangu: Kuchita zowonda kumabweretsa kufupikitsa nthawi yotsogolera komanso kuyankha mwachangu pazosowa zamakasitomala. Kutha kupanga ndi kutumiza zinthu munthawi yake kungathandize makampani kupeza mwayi wampikisano ndikukwaniritsa zomwe makasitomala amayembekeza.
• Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi: Mfundo zotsamira zimalimbikitsa kugwira ntchito kwa ogwira ntchito, kuthetsa mavuto, ndi kupatsa mphamvu. Ogwira ntchito otanganidwa amakhala olimbikitsidwa kwambiri, zomwe zimatsogolera ku malo abwino ogwirira ntchito komanso kuwongolera kosalekeza.

Mfundo 5 Zopangira Zopanda Pang'ono

Kodi mfundo 5 zopanga Ma Lean ndi ziti? Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zisanu zopangira zowonda ndi:

1/ Mtengo: Kupereka Zomwe Zimakhudza Makasitomala

Mfundo yoyamba ya Lean Manufacturing ndikumvetsetsa ndikupereka "Value". Lingaliro ili likukhudza kuzindikira momveka bwino zomwe makasitomala amafunikira kwambiri pazamalonda kapena ntchito. Lingaliro la Lean pazamtengo wapatali ndilokhazikika kwamakasitomala kuti azindikire mawonekedwe, mikhalidwe, kapena zomwe makasitomala akufuna kulipirira. Chilichonse chomwe sichithandizira pazinthu zamtengo wapatalizi chimaonedwa kuti ndi chiwonongeko.

Kuzindikira "mtengo" kumaphatikizapo kugwirizanitsa zochitika za bizinesi ndi zomwe makasitomala amayembekezera ndi zosowa zake. Pomvetsetsa zomwe makasitomala akufuna, bungwe likhoza kuwongolera zomwe limagwiritsa ntchito komanso zoyesayesa zake popereka zomwe zimawonjezera phindu, ndikuchepetsa kapena kuchotsa zinthu zomwe sizikuwonjezera phindu. Njirayi imawonetsetsa kuti chuma chagawidwa bwino, chomwe ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya Mfundo Zazikulu Zopangira Zinthu.

2/ Mapu Amtundu Wamtundu: Kuwona Kuyenda kwa Ntchito

Mfundo yachiwiri Yotsamira, "Value Stream Mapping," imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pothandiza mabungwe kuzindikira ndi kuthetsa zinyalala m'njira zawo. 

Kujambula kwamtengo kumaphatikizapo kupanga chithunzi chokwanira cha ndondomeko yonse, kuchokera ku chiyambi cha zipangizo mpaka ku chinthu chomaliza kapena ntchito yoperekedwa. Kuwona uku kumathandizira kumvetsetsa kutsatizana kwa zochitika zomwe zikukhudzidwa.

Mapu amtundu wamtengo wapatali ndi chida chofunikira chosiyanitsa pakati pa zochitika zomwe zimapereka phindu ku chinthu kapena ntchito ndi zomwe sizipereka. Ntchito zosawonjezera mtengo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa "muda", zingaphatikizepo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinyalala, monga kuchulukitsitsa, kuyika zinthu mopitirira muyeso, nthawi yodikira, ndi kukonza kosafunikira.

Pozindikira ndikuchotsa zomwe zimachokera ku zinyalalazi, mabungwe amatha kuwongolera njira zawo, kuchepetsa nthawi yotsogolera, ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.

Nachi chitsanzo cha Value Stream Mapping, chomwe chingakuthandizeni kumvetsetsa bwino:

3/ Kuyenda: Kuonetsetsa Kupita Patsogolo Kopanda Msoko

"Flow" cholinga chake ndikupangitsa kuti ntchito ikhale yosalala komanso yosalekeza mkati mwa bungwe. Lingaliro la Flow likugogomezera kuti ntchito iyenera kusuntha kuchokera ku siteji imodzi kupita ku ina popanda kusokoneza kapena kusokoneza, potsirizira pake kulimbikitsa kuchita bwino.

Kuchokera pamalingaliro a bungwe, Lean amalimbikitsa kukhazikitsa malo ogwirira ntchito pomwe ntchito ndi zochitika zimapitilira popanda chopinga kapena kuchedwa.

Ganizirani mzere wopanga zinthu monga chitsanzo cha kukwaniritsa "kuyenda". Siteshoni iliyonse imagwira ntchito inayake ndipo malonda amayenda mosasunthika kuchoka pa siteshoni imodzi kupita kwina popanda kusokonezedwa. Izi zikuwonetsa lingaliro la Flow in Lean.

4/ Kokani Dongosolo: Kuyankha Zofuna

Pull System ndi ya kupanga kapena kupereka ntchito poyankha makasitomala. Mabungwe omwe akutenga Pull System sapanga zinthu potengera zomwe zidzafunike mtsogolo. M'malo mwake, amayankha ku malamulo enieni omwe alandiridwa. Mchitidwewu umachepetsa kuchulukitsa, imodzi mwa mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ikuluikulu ya zinyalala mu Lean kupanga.

• Chitsanzo cha kukoka dongosolo ndi sitolo. Makasitomala amakoka zinthu zomwe amafunikira m'mashelefu, ndipo sitolo yayikulu imasunganso mashelufu ngati pakufunika. Dongosololi limatsimikizira kuti nthawi zonse pamakhala zowerengera zokwanira kuti zikwaniritse zofuna za makasitomala, koma palibenso kuchulukitsa.

• Chitsanzo china cha kukoka makina ndi malo ogulitsa magalimoto. Makasitomala amakoka magalimoto omwe amawakonda kuchokera pamalopo ndikupita nawo kukayesa. Ogulitsa amangoyitanitsa magalimoto atsopano kuchokera kwa wopanga ngati pakufunika kuti akwaniritse zofuna za makasitomala.

5/ Kupititsa patsogolo Kupititsa patsogolo (Kaizen)

Mfundo yachisanu ndi yomaliza ya Lean ndi "Kupititsa patsogolo Kupitiriza," yotchedwa "Kaizen" kapena Kaizen mosalekeza kukonza njira. Ndi za kulimbikitsa chikhalidwe cha kusintha kosalekeza. 

Zimaphatikizapo kusintha pang'ono, kosasintha pakapita nthawi m'malo mosintha kwambiri. Zosintha zazing'onozi zimangowonjezera, zomwe zimapangitsa kupita patsogolo kwambiri pakuchita bwino, kuwongolera, komanso kuchita bwino.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri za Kaizen ndi chikhalidwe chake chonse. Imalimbikitsa kutenga nawo mbali kuchokera kumagulu onse a bungwe, kulola antchito kuti apereke malingaliro awo, malingaliro awo, ndi zidziwitso zawo. Njirayi sikuti imangowonjezera luso lothana ndi mavuto komanso imawonjezera chidwi cha ogwira ntchito komanso kuchitapo kanthu.

Kaizen amawonetsetsa kuti bungweli likulimbikitsidwa mosalekeza kuti likhale labwino, lochita bwino komanso logwira ntchito bwino. Ndi kudzipereka pakusintha kosalekeza ndipo ndi gawo lofunikira pachikhalidwe Chotsamira.

Maganizo Final 

Mfundo zisanu za Kupanga Zopanda Pake: Kufunika, Mapu Amtengo Wapatali, Kuyenda, Kukoka Dongosolo, ndi Kupititsa patsogolo Kupitilira (Kaizen) - kupatsa mabungwe dongosolo lamphamvu kuti akwaniritse bwino ntchito. 

Mabungwe omwe amatsatira L5 Principles Of Lean Manufacturing sikuti amangopititsa patsogolo luso lawo komanso amachepetsa zinyalala komanso amapititsa patsogolo ntchito zawo ndi ntchito zawo. 

Mafunso Okhudza Mfundo Zazikulu Za Kupanga Zinthu Zotsamira

Kodi mfundo 5 zopanga zowonda ndi ziti?

Mfundo 5 Zopanga Kupanga Zotsamira ndi Mtengo, Mapu a Mtengo Wamtundu, Kuyenda, Kukoka Dongosolo, ndi Kupititsa patsogolo Kupitilira (Kaizen).

Kodi pali mfundo zowonda 5 kapena 7?

Ngakhale pali kutanthauzira kosiyana, mfundo zodziwika bwino za Lean ndi 5 zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa.

Kodi malamulo 10 okhudza kupanga zowonda ndi ati?

Malamulo 10 a Lean Production nthawi zambiri siwokhazikika pamapangidwe a Lean. Mfundo zowonda nthawi zambiri zimatengera mfundo zazikulu zisanu zomwe tazitchula kale. Magwero ena angatchule “malamulo,” koma samavomerezana ndi onse.

Ref: Chithunzi cha ASCM | opanga