Phunzirani bwino za izi zitsanzo za ndondomeko ya polojekiti kuti muwonjezere zokolola ndi magwiridwe antchito anu!
Gawo loyamba la kayendetsedwe ka polojekiti limabwera ndikukonzekera ndi kukonza; pamene kukonzekera kumayang'ana pa kukhazikitsa njira yoti polojekiti ipite patsogolo, kukonzekera kumaperekedwa kufotokozera nthawi ndi ndondomeko ya ntchito.
Zimakhala zovuta kuonetsetsa kuti polojekiti ikugwira ntchito popanda gawo lokonzekera. Choncho, m'nkhaniyi, tiwona kufunikira kwa ndondomeko ya polojekiti, zitsanzo zake, ndi momwe mungakonzekere bwino kuyambira pang'ono kupita ku ntchito yaikulu.
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Kodi ndondomeko ya polojekiti imatanthauza chiyani?
Ndondomeko ya pulojekiti ndi ndondomeko yatsatanetsatane yomwe imafotokoza ntchito, zofunikira, ndi masiku omalizira omwe amayembekezeredwa motsatizana kuti ntchitoyo ithe kutha pa nthawi yake.
Dongosolo la polojekiti nthawi zambiri limaphatikizapo tsiku loyambira ndi lomaliza la ntchito iliyonse, nthawi ya ntchito iliyonse, ndi zodalira zilizonse zomwe zingakhudze ndandanda.
Nchifukwa chiyani ndondomeko ya polojekitiyi ndi yofunika?
Kukonzekera kwa projekiti ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera projekiti chifukwa kumapereka chiwongolero chakuchita bwino kwa polojekiti. Dongosolo latsatanetsataneli limalola oyang'anira projekiti kugawa bwino chuma, kuyang'anira momwe polojekiti ikuyendera, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyo ikutha pa nthawi yake komanso mkati mwa bajeti. Zopindulitsa zina za ndondomeko ya polojekiti zikufotokozedwa motere
Kuzindikiritsa Mabotolo Otheka Ndi Zowopsa Patsogolo
Chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zomwe kulinganiza ntchito ndikofunika ndikuti imathandizira oyang'anira kuti azindikire zolepheretsa ndi zoopsa zomwe zingachitike pasadakhale. Mwa kugawa pulojekitiyo kukhala ntchito zing'onozing'ono ndikuyika nthawi yeniyeni pa ntchito iliyonse, oyang'anira polojekiti amatha kuzindikira mosavuta zodalira kapena zopinga zomwe zingakhudze nthawi yonse ya polojekitiyo. Izi zimawathandiza kuthana ndi zoopsazi ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti achepetse.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati ntchito inayake imadziwika kuti ndi yofunika kwambiri ndipo kuchedwa kwake kungakhudze nthawi yonse ya polojekiti, woyang'anira polojekitiyo akhoza kugawa zina zowonjezera kapena kusintha ndondomekoyi kuti ikwaniritsidwe panthawi yake.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zothandizira
Komanso, kukonza projekiti kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera zinthu. Pokhala ndi chidziwitso chomveka bwino cha ntchito zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi ntchitoyo komanso nthawi yomwe ikuyembekezeredwa, oyang'anira polojekiti amatha kugawa bwino zinthu zomwe zimayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera.
Izi zikuphatikiza kupatsa anthu oyenera maluso ndi luso lofunikira pantchito iliyonse ndikupewa mikangano yazithandizo kapena kulemetsa. Ndondomeko yokonzedwa bwino ya polojekiti imalola oyang'anira ntchito kuti adziwiretu mipata kapena zoperewera zilizonse ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti athetse vutoli, monga kubwereketsa ndalama zowonjezera kapena kusamutsanso zomwe zilipo kale.
Kupititsa patsogolo kulumikizana ndi kulumikizana
Kuphatikiza apo, kukonza projekiti kumathandizira kukonza kulumikizana ndi mgwirizano pakati pa mamembala amagulu. Pokhala ndi chidziwitso chogawana za dongosolo la polojekiti, mamembala a gulu akhoza kugwirizanitsa zoyesayesa zawo ndikugwira ntchito ku cholinga chimodzi. Izi zimathandizira mgwirizano wabwino, zimachepetsa kusamvana kapena mikangano, komanso zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zokolola zambiri.
Kutsata bwino komanso kupereka lipoti
Kuphatikiza apo, ndandanda yodziwika bwino ya projekiti imaperekanso maziko otsatirira nthawi zonse ndi malipoti. Oyang'anira polojekiti amatha kufananiza kupita patsogolo kwenikweni motsutsana ndi dongosolo lomwe lakonzedwa, kuzindikira zolakwika zilizonse kapena kuchedwa, ndikuchitapo kanthu koyenera kuti ntchitoyo isayende bwino.
Kodi zitsanzo za ndondomeko ya polojekiti ndi ziti?
Nazi zitsanzo za momwe ndandanda ya polojekiti ingapangidwire potengera njira zitatu zoyendetsera polojekiti ndi njira zowongolera: tchati cha Gantt, tchati cha netiweki (PERT ndi CPM), ndi Ndondomeko Yowonongeka kwa Ntchito (WBS).
Tchati cha Gantt
Tchati cha Gantt ndi chida chodziwika bwino chokonzera projekiti yomwe imayimira nthawi yanthawi ya polojekiti. Imawonetsa ntchito ngati mipiringidzo yopingasa motsatira nthawi, ndi masiku ake oyambira ndi omaliza. Kudalirana pakati pa ntchito kumatha kuwonetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mivi, ndipo zochitika zazikuluzikulu zitha kuzindikiridwa kuti ziwonetse kupindula kwakukulu kwa polojekiti.
Chithunzi chotsatirachi ndi chitsanzo cha tchati cha Gantt cha ntchito za Delta Jet panthawi yopuma kwa mphindi 40.
PERT ndi CPM
Chithunzi cha netiweki, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti tchati cha PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique), chikuwonetsa kutsatizana ndi kudalira kwa ntchito mu polojekiti. Imagwiritsa ntchito ma node kuyimira ntchito ndi mivi kuti iwonetse mgwirizano pakati pa ntchito. Ndondomeko yamtunduwu ndiyothandiza pakuwonera njira zovuta ndikuzindikira ntchito zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri nthawi ya polojekiti.
Kuonjezera apo, njira yovuta imadziwika pozindikira mndandanda wautali kwambiri wa ntchito zomwe zimadalira zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji nthawi yonse ya polojekiti. Ntchito zomwe zili m'njira yovuta sizikhala ndi kuchedwa kapena kuyandama, kutanthauza kuti kuchedwa kulikonse pantchitozi kudzakhudza nthawi yonse ya polojekiti. Poyang'ana njira yofunikira, oyang'anira polojekiti amatha kugawa chuma moyenera ndikuzindikira mipata yowongolerera kuti ntchitoyo ithe panthawi yake.
Nachi chitsanzo cha Critical Path ndi Slack Times kukhazikitsa zida zatsopano zowongolera kuipitsidwa kwa kampani yomwe yapatsidwa.
Ndandanda ya Kuwonongeka kwa Ntchito (WBS)
Dongosolo la projekiti litha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito Mapangidwe Owonongeka kwa Ntchito ngati maziko. Zimatanthawuza kuwonongeka kwadongosolo lazinthu zomwe zingabweretsedwe muzinthu zing'onozing'ono, zokhoza kuyendetsedwa bwino. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirazi, oyang'anira amatha kuzindikira mosavuta kudalira pakati pa ntchitozo. Ntchito zina zitha kudalira kumalizidwa kwa zina, pomwe zina zitha kugwiridwa nthawi imodzi.
Kodi mungapange bwanji dongosolo la polojekiti?
Kumayambiriro kwa ndandanda, ngati mukuganiza momwe mungayambitsire, zingakhale zothandiza kutsatira mafunso ofunikira awa:
- Zoyenera kuchita? Fotokozani momveka bwino ntchito, ntchito, ndi zoperekedwa zomwe zimafunikira kuti ntchitoyo ithe. Gwirani ntchitoyo m'zigawo zomwe zingatheke, kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito zonse zofunika zadziwika.
- Kodi ziyenera kuchitika liti? Dziwani nthawi ndi nthawi ya ntchito iliyonse kapena ntchito iliyonse. Ganizirani nthawi yofunikira kuti mumalize ntchito iliyonse ndikuganizira zodalira kapena zopinga zilizonse zomwe zingakhudze ndandanda. Kugwiritsa ntchito tchati cha Gantt, PERT, ndi njira za CPM kuti zithandizire kukonza dongosolo la polojekiti moyenera.
- Ndani angachite izi? Dziwani anthu kapena maudindo omwe ali ndi udindo pa ntchito iliyonse kapena ntchito iliyonse, zitha kukhala ndi chithandizo chamagulu osiyanasiyana. Perekani zothandizira ndi kugawa maudindo moyenerera. Onetsetsani kuti mamembala ali ndi luso lofunikira komanso kupezeka kuti agwire ntchito zomwe apatsidwa.
- Zikachitikira kuti? Dziwani malo enieni kapena enieni omwe ntchito iliyonse idzagwiridwe. Izi zitha kuphatikiza malo ogwirira ntchito, zida, kapena zofunikira zaukadaulo.
- Kodi kudalira ntchito ndi chiyani? Dziwani mgwirizano ndi kudalirana pakati pa ntchito. Dziwani kuti ndi ntchito ziti zomwe ziyenera kumalizidwa ena asanayambe, ndipo ganizirani ntchito iliyonse yomwe ingagwire ntchito nthawi imodzi.
- Kodi Njira Yovuta Ndi Chiyani? Kuzindikira njira yofunikira ndi gawo lofunikira popanga dongosolo la polojekiti yonse. Njira yofunika kwambiri imathandiza oyang'anira polojekiti ndi magulu kumvetsetsa kuti ndi ntchito ziti zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri nthawi ya polojekiti komanso tsiku lomaliza.
Kodi zida zopangira projekiti ndi chiyani?
Ma projekiti ambiri masiku ano amafunikira thandizo la pulogalamu yokonza projekiti. Zatsimikiziridwa kuti zimabweretsa zabwino zambiri kwa anthu ndi mabizinesi monga kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito, kugwirizanitsa bwino, kulondola kowonjezereka, komanso kuwonera bwino.
Microsoft Project ndi imodzi mwamapulogalamu abwino kwambiri okonzekera projekiti. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za Microsoft Project ndikutha kupeza zosintha kwa omwe akukhudzidwa nawo ndikuwongolera ma chart a Gantt, komwe mumatha kuzindikira mosavuta kudalira ntchito ndikuwongolera masanjidwe a ntchito. inunso mukhoza kusinthasintha kusintha kwa dongosolo polojekiti.
Njira ina ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito chida chotchedwa Pulogalamu ya Primavera P6 yokonzekera. Ndi pulogalamu yokwanira yoyang'anira projekiti yopangidwira ma projekiti akuluakulu komanso ovuta ndipo imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwamapulogalamu abwino kwambiri opangira mapulani. Imathandizira njira zonse za PERT ndi CPM, zomwe zimapereka mawonekedwe opangira ma netiweki zithunzi, kukonza ntchito, kuyang'anira zothandizira, ndi kusanthula njira zovuta.
Kwa ntchito zing'onozing'ono, mungaganizire kuyesa mapulogalamu aulere ngati "Asana" kapena "Trello.” Ngakhale zidazi sizingakhale ndi zida zonse zapamwamba zamapulogalamu olipidwa, zimapereka luso lokonzekera pulojekiti ndipo ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Mabaibulo aulere amatha kumaliza ntchito zovuta kwambiri za polojekiti ndikuthandizana ndi ena. Zimakupatsani mwayi wopanga ntchito, kukhazikitsa masiku oyenerera, kugawa maudindo, ndikuwona momwe zikuyendera.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Kodi kukonzekera polojekiti ndi chitsanzo ndi chiyani?
Dongosolo la pulojekiti limafotokoza mndandanda wa ntchito, zida zofunika, ndi nthawi yomwe amayembekezeredwa kuti amalize. Tengani ntchito yomanga monga chitsanzo cha ndandanda ya ntchito. Kukonzekera muzomangamanga kungaphatikizepo ntchito monga kukonza malo, ntchito ya maziko, kupanga mafelemu, kuyika magetsi ndi mapaipi, kumaliza, ndi kuyendera.
Kodi mumalemba bwanji chitsanzo cha ndandanda ya polojekiti?
Polemba chitsanzo cha ndandanda ya ntchito, m’pofunika kutsatira njira izi: (1) Yambani ndi kuzindikira ntchito zazikulu ndi ntchito zomwe ziyenera kumalizidwa pa ntchitoyi. Izi zikhoza kuchitika mwa kugawa pulojekitiyo kukhala ntchito zing'onozing'ono, zokhoza kuyendetsedwa ndikuwona ndondomeko yomwe iyenera kumalizidwa. (2) Kenako, yerekezerani nthawi ya ntchito iliyonse ndikugawa zinthu moyenerera. Izi zidzathandiza kupanga nthawi yeniyeni ya polojekitiyi. (3) Kutsatira pakukhazikitsa zodalirana pakati pa ntchito, monga ntchito zina zitha kudalira kumaliza zina. (4) Pomaliza, kumbukirani kubwereza nthawi zonse ndikusintha ndondomeko ya polojekiti ngati ikufunikira kuti muwonetsetse kuti imakhala yolondola ndikuwonetsa kusintha kulikonse kapena kusintha kwa polojekitiyo.
Kodi mitundu 7 ya ndandanda ndi iti?
Mitundu isanu ndi iwiri yosiyana siyana imaphatikizapo ndandanda ya Slot Time, Open appointment schedule, Wave schedule, 40/20 schedule, Double schedule, Cluster schedule, Wave and walk-in appointments and Matrix ndandanda.
pansi Line
Dongosolo lopangidwa bwino la projekiti ndilofunika kwambiri kuti polojekiti iyende bwino. Kuti tichite bwino pakukonza mapulojekiti m'chaka cha 2024 ndi kupitirira apo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tifufuze ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamakono zoyendetsera polojekiti, kukhala odziwa bwino ntchito zamakampani, ndikupitirizabe kupititsa patsogolo luso lokonzekera pulojekiti pogwiritsa ntchito maphunziro ndi chitukuko cha akatswiri.
Ngati mukufuna thandizo lochulukirapo pokonzekera maphunziro a luso lokonzekera ntchito, Chidwi atha kukhala bwenzi labwino lomwe limapereka zinthu zingapo zothandizira magawo ophunzirira ochita nawo chidwi. Ndi AhaSlides, mutha kupanga zowonetsera zamphamvu, mafunso ochezera, ndi zochitika zogwirira ntchito kuti mupititse patsogolo maphunziro.
Ref: Woyang'anira ntchito | Verint
