Kukonza Mapulani ndi ntchito yofunika yomwe siyenera kuipewa kapena kunyalanyazidwa m'moyo wa aliyense. Sikochedwa kwambiri kuti muyambe kukonzekera zopuma pantchito, chifukwa zimakuthandizani kukhala ndi moyo wabwino popanda kuda nkhawa ndi ndalama m'zaka zamtsogolo. Ngakhale mutakhala olemera tsopano, palibe amene anganene zomwe zikubwera (monga mliri wa Covid-19 zaka ziwiri zapitazo). Choncho n’chinthu chanzeru kukonzekera bwino.
Kukonzekera kupuma pantchito ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yowonetsetsa kuti zaka zanu zagolide ndi zosangalatsa komanso zopanda nkhawa. Mu positi iyi yabulogu, tifufuza mozama za kufunikira kokonzekera kupuma pantchito ndi njira zoyambira.
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Malangizo Othandizira Kuchita Bwino
Kodi Retirement Planning ndi chiyani?
Kukonzekera kupuma pantchito ndi momwe mumadziwira zolinga zanu zopuma pantchito ndikupanga ndondomeko ya zachuma kuti mukwaniritse zolingazo. Kuti mukhale ndi dongosolo lathunthu lopuma pantchito, muyenera kuchita zinthu zitatu:
- Onani momwe ndalama zanu zilili panopa;
- Linganizani mtengo womwe mungafune mtsogolo;
- Pangani njira yowonetsetsa kuti muli ndi ndalama zokwanira kuti mukhalebe ndi moyo womwe mukufuna mukapuma pantchito.
Kukonzekera kupuma pantchito kumakupatsani chitetezo chazachuma komanso mtendere wamumtima pazaka zanu zabwino kwambiri. Zimakulolani "kukhala" moyo womwe mukufuna ndikukwaniritsa zolinga zanu popanda kugwira ntchito kuti mukhale ndi moyo wokhazikika. Mutha kuyenda bwino, kuchita zosangalatsa kapena kucheza ndi okondedwa.
Pali zosankha zosiyanasiyana zokonzekera kupuma pantchito, monga mapulani a penshoni, maakaunti opuma pantchito (IRAs), ndi mapulani 401 (k). Zonsezi zimakuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi mtendere wamumtima komanso kuti mukhale ndi mtendere wamumtima pazaka zanu zopuma pantchito. Komabe, tizama mozama mumitundu iyi ya mapulani opuma pantchito m'magawo otsatirawa.
Mukufuna zingati Pantchito?
Ndalama zomwe muyenera kusunga popuma pantchito zimadalira momwe zinthu zilili komanso zolinga zanu. Choncho, njira yabwino yodziwira kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito pa izi ndikugwira ntchito ndi mlangizi wa zachuma kuti mupange ndondomeko yopuma pantchito yomwe ikugwirizana ndi zosowa zanu.
Komabe, pali zinthu zina zomwe zingakuthandizeni kudziwa kuchuluka kwa zomwe muyenera kusunga:
- Zolinga zopuma pantchito ndi moyo: Ganizirani za mtundu wa moyo womwe mungafune kukhala nawo mukapuma pantchito. Kenako lembani ndalama zimene mudzafunikire kuti mulipirire zinthu zimenezi.
- Chiyerekezo chandalama: Linganizani ndalama zomwe mudzawononge m'tsogolo, kuphatikizapo chithandizo chamankhwala, nyumba, chakudya, mayendedwe, ndi zina zofunika pamoyo.
- Kutalika kwa moyo: Zikumveka zomvetsa chisoni, koma zoona zake n’zakuti muyenera kuganizira za mbiri ya banja lanu komanso thanzi lanu lamakono kuti muone mmene moyo wanu ulili. Zidzakuthandizani kudziwa nthawi yomwe mudzafunikire ndalama zanu zopuma pantchito.
- Kutsika kwazo: Kukwera kwa mitengo kungathe kuwononga mtengo wa ndalama zomwe mwasunga m'kupita kwa nthawi, choncho m'pofunika kuwerengera zotsatira za kukwera kwa mitengo pa ndalama zomwe mumasungira mukapuma pantchito.
- Zaka zopuma: Zaka zomwe mukufuna kupuma pantchito zingakhudzenso kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe muyenera kusunga. Mukangopuma pantchito, m'pamenenso mumafunika ndalama zosungiramo ntchito kuti zipitirire.
- Phindu la Social Security: Ganizirani kuchuluka kwa zomwe mudzalandira kuchokera ku Social Security phindu komanso momwe zingakhudzire ndalama zanu mukapuma pantchito.
- Kubweza pa ndalama: Sikuti aliyense ali ndi ndalama. Komabe, kubweza pamabizinesi anu opuma pantchito kungakhudzenso kuchuluka kwa zomwe muyenera kusunga. Kubweza kwapamwamba kungatanthauze kuti muyenera kusunga zochepa, pomwe kubweza pang'ono kungatanthauze kuti muyenera kusunga zambiri.
Njira ina yodziwira kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe mukufuna mukapuma pantchito ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito Malamulo a Thumb: Ikani pambali 15% ya ndalama zomwe mumapeza popuma pantchito.
Pomaliza, mukhoza kufotokoza za zizindikiro zosungira malinga ndi zaka pansipa kuti muwone kuchuluka komwe muyenera kukonzekera.
Kumbukirani kuti zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi malangizo anthawi zonse ndipo zosowa zanu zosungira mukapuma pantchito zingasiyane.
Mapulani 4 Opuma Pantchito Mu 2023
Nawa mapulani abwino kwambiri opuma pantchito omwe mungaganizire:
1/ 401 (k) Dongosolo
Ndondomeko yosungiramo ntchito yopuma pantchito yoperekedwa ndi abwana anu imakupatsani mwayi wopereka ndalama za msonkho usanabwere kuchokera pamalipiro anu kupita ku akaunti yogulitsa. Mabungwe angapo amaperekanso zopereka zofanana kuti zikuthandizeni kukonzekera zam'tsogolo.
2/403b Retirement Plan
Kukonzekera kupuma pantchito ndi 403 (b) dongosolo ndi chisankho chabwino kwa ogwira ntchito m'mabungwe osalipira msonkho. Dongosololi limaperekedwa ndi mabungwe osalipira msonkho okha monga masukulu aboma, mayunivesite, ndi mabungwe osachita phindu.
Mofanana ndi 401 (k) Plan, ndondomeko ya 403 (b) imakulolani kuti mupereke madola a msonkho usanabwere kuchokera kumalipiro anu ku akaunti yogulitsa ndalama. Zopereka ndi zopindula zimakula zopanda msonkho mpaka mutachotsa ndalamazo mukapuma pantchito.
3/ Akaunti Yopuma Payekha (IRA)
An Akaunti Yopuma Payekha (IRA) ndi mtundu wa akaunti yopuma pantchito yomwe mutha kutsegula nokha kapena kudzera ku bungwe lazachuma. Mosiyana ndi ndondomeko ya 401 (k) kapena 403 (b), IRA sichiperekedwa ndi olemba ntchito. Zingakhale zopindulitsa makamaka kwa anthu odzilemba okha kapena omwe amagwira ntchito ganyu.
Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kusankha pakati pa IRA yachikhalidwe, yomwe imapereka zopereka zochedwetsa msonkho, kapena Roth IRA, yomwe imapereka ndalama zochotsera msonkho mukapuma pantchito.
4/ Pulani ya penshoni
Ndondomeko ya penshoni ndi mtundu wa ndondomeko yopuma pantchito yothandizidwa ndi abwana. Lapangidwa kuti lipatse antchito ndalama zotsimikizika zopuma pantchito kutengera malipiro awo komanso zaka zomwe akugwira ntchito ndi kampani.
Ndi ndondomeko ya penshoni, nthawi zambiri simupereka ndalama zothandizira pantchito yopuma pantchito kuti mudzipulumutse nokha. M'malo mwake, abwana anu ali ndi udindo woyang'anira ndalamazo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ali ndi ndalama zokwanira kuti apeze ndalama zopuma pantchito.
Kodi Ndingayambe Bwanji Kukonzekera Kupuma Ntchito?
Kuyamba kukonzekera kupuma pantchito kungawoneke ngati kovuta, koma ndikofunikira kuti muyambe posachedwa. Nazi zina zokuthandizani kuti muyambe:
1/ Khazikitsani zolinga zopuma pantchito
Yambani ndi kukhazikitsa zolinga zanu zopuma pantchito, kuyambira ndi mafunso monga:
- Ndikufuna kupuma liti (zaka zingati)?
- Kodi ndikufuna kukhala ndi moyo wanji?
- Ndi ntchito ziti zomwe ndikufuna kuchita?
Mafunsowa akupatsani malingaliro omveka bwino a ndalama zomwe mungafunikire kusunga komanso mitundu yandalama yomwe mungafune. Ngakhale zingakhale zovuta kuziwona tsopano, zidzakuthandizani kudziwa cholinga chanu chenicheni ndikusunga bwino 1% tsiku lililonse.
Kapena mutha kukhazikitsa zosintha zokha pakukonzekera kwanu kupuma pantchito. Ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yowonetsetsa kuti mumathandizira nthawi zonse ku akaunti yanu yopuma pantchito.
2/ Linganizani Ndalama Zopuma pantchito
Ganizirani kuchuluka kwa zomwe mudzafunikire mukapuma pantchito poyang'ana ndalama zomwe muli nazo panopa komanso momwe zingasinthire mukapuma pantchito. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti calculator pantchito kuti zikuthandizeni kuyerekezera ndalama zomwe mumawononga mukapuma pantchito.
Komabe, akatswiri ena amalimbikitsa kuti m'malo mwa 70% mpaka 90% ya ndalama zanu zapachaka musanapume pantchito pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama ndi Social Security.
3/ Kuwerengera Ndalama Zopuma pantchito
Sankhani ndalama zopuma pantchito zomwe mungayembekezere kuchokera kuzinthu monga Social Security, penshoni, ndi ndalama. Ndalama zonse zidzakuthandizani kudziwa kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe mukufunikira kuti mukwaniritse zolinga zanu zopuma pantchito.
Kenako, mutha kufananiza ndi ndalama zomwe mumalipira mukapuma pantchito kuti muwone ngati mukufuna kusunga ndalama zowonjezera.
4/ Konzani ndondomeko yopuma pantchito
Mukakhala ndi zolinga zanu zopuma pantchito, ndalama zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito, ndi ndalama zomwe mukuyembekezera, pangani ndondomeko yosungiramo ntchito yanu potengera izo.
Mungaganizire njira zosiyanasiyana zosungira pantchito zomwe zilipo, monga mapulani opuma pantchito omwe amathandizidwa ndi abwana, maakaunti opuma pantchito (IRAs), ndi maakaunti olipira msonkho. Yesetsani kusunga osachepera 15% ya ndalama zomwe mumapeza mukapuma pantchito.
5/ Unikani ndikusintha pafupipafupi
Kuwunika pafupipafupi ndikusintha dongosolo lanu lopuma pantchito ndikofunikira kuti mukhalebe panjira kuti mukwaniritse zolinga zanu zopuma pantchito. Nazi zina mwazifukwa zomwe muyenera kuwunika ndikusintha dongosolo lanu pafupipafupi:
- Kusintha kwa moyo wanu monga ukwati, kusintha kwa ntchito, ndi nkhani zaumoyo zingakhudze ndalama zanu zopuma pantchito.
- Kusintha kwachuma ndi momwe ndalama zimakhalira (monga kuchepa kwachuma)
- Kusintha kwa zolinga zanu zopuma pantchito. Mwachitsanzo, mungaganize zopuma pantchito mwamsanga kapena mochedwa kuposa mmene munaganizira poyamba, kapena mungasinthe moyo wanu wopuma pantchito.
Ngati mukulephera kukwaniritsa zolinga zanu, yesetsani kulimbikitsa zopereka zanu, kusintha ndondomeko yanu yogulitsa ndalama, kapena kukonzanso mapulani anu opuma pantchito.
6/ Lingalirani kugwira ntchito ndi mlangizi wazachuma
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, njira yabwino yokonzekera bwino pantchito yopuma pantchito ndikukhala ndi mlangizi wazachuma. Katswiri wazachuma atha kukuthandizani kuti mupange dongosolo lopuma pantchito ndikukupatsani chitsogozo pazabwino zamalonda, kukonza misonkho, ndi mitu ina yokonzekera kupuma pantchito.
Ndipo posankha mlangizi wa zachuma, yang'anani munthu wodziwa bwino ntchito yopuma pantchito ndipo ali ndi udindo wochita zinthu zomwe zingakuthandizeni.
Zitengera Zapadera
Kukonzekera kupuma pantchito ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pazachuma lanu lomwe limafunikira kuganiziridwa mozama komanso kuganiza bwino. Poyambira msanga, kudziwa zolinga zanu zopuma pantchito, kusunga ndalama mosasinthasintha, kusinthanitsa ndalama zomwe mumagulitsa, ndikuwunikanso ndikusintha dongosolo lanu pafupipafupi, mutha kuyesetsa kupeza ntchito yabwino komanso yotetezeka.
Ngati mukuyang'ana njira yolimbikitsira komanso yosangalatsa yophunzitsira ena za kufunikira kokonzekera kupuma pantchito, Chidwi angathandize! Ndi wathu mbali zokambirana ndi customizable zidindo, mutha kupanga ulaliki wopatsa chidwi komanso wopatsa chidziwitso womwe umakopa chidwi cha omvera ndikuwalimbikitsa kukhala ndi zolinga zokonzekera kupuma pantchito.
Yambani kukonzekera pantchito yopuma pantchito lero ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti mukhale ndi tsogolo lotetezeka pazachuma!
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
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