Chiphunzitso cha Social Learning | Buku Lathunthu kuyambira A mpaka Z

Anthu ayenera kudutsa njira yophunzirira kuti apeze chidziwitso. Zimafunika kuyika nthawi ndi cholinga. Munthu aliyense ali ndi malo ake ophunzirira komanso zochitika zapadera, choncho ndikofunikira kukulitsa njira yophunzirira.

Kutengera izi, kafukufuku wanthanthi pa chiphunzitso chophunzirira adapangidwa kuti athandize anthu kuti azitha kuphunzira bwino, komanso kupanga njira zoyenera zophunzirira ndikuphatikiza ndi kupititsa patsogolo chipambano cha ophunzira m'malo ophunzirira.

Nkhaniyi ifotokoza za chiphunzitso cha chikhalidwe cha anthu, zomwe ndizothandiza kwambiri kwa anthu omwe amatola zidziwitso kuchokera kumadera awo. Kuphunzira kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu kumabweretsa zotsatira zabwino kwambiri ndi ubwino wambiri pamene kumvetsetsedwa bwino ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Maphunziro a chikhalidwe cha anthu amagwira ntchito osati m'masukulu okha monga sukulu komanso m'mabizinesi.

Osayang'ananso kwina, tiyeni tikumbe mozama pang'ono.

M'ndandanda wazopezekamo:

• Kodi Social Learning Theory ndi chiyani?
  • Tanthauzo la chiphunzitso cha Social Learning
  • Kufunika kwa chiphunzitso cha Social Learning
• Mfundo zazikuluzikulu ndi Mfundo Zaziphunzitso za Social Learning
  • Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za chiphunzitso cha Social Learning
  • Mfundo za Social Learning Theory
• Ntchito za Social Learning Theory
  • Udindo wa Aphunzitsi ndi Anzawo Pakuwongolera Maphunziro a Anthu
  • Malo Ogwirira Ntchito ndi Magulu Amagulu
  • Momwe Mungamangire Mapologalamu Ogwira Ntchito Pogwiritsa Ntchito Chiphunzitso cha Social Learning 
• Zitengera Zapadera
• Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

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Kodi Social Learning Theory ndi chiyani?

Kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri, akatswiri ndi asayansi aphunzira njira zosiyanasiyana zophunzirira anthu. Albert Bandura, katswiri wa zamaganizo wa ku Canada-America, amadziwika kuti ndi amene anayambitsa mawuwo. Kutengera chiphunzitso cha chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi kafukufuku wa momwe chikhalidwe cha anthu chimakhudzira khalidwe la ophunzira, adapanga chiphunzitso cha chikhalidwe cha anthu.

Chiphunzitsochi chinalimbikitsidwanso ndi ntchito ya Tager "Malamulo Otsanzira". Kuphatikiza apo, chiphunzitso cha Bandura chophunzirira chikhalidwe cha anthu chimawonedwa ngati lingaliro lololera kusintha pa kafukufuku wakale wa katswiri wazamisala B.F. Skinner wokhala ndi mfundo ziwiri: Kuphunzira poyang'anitsitsa kapena kusaganizira komanso kudziwongolera.

Tanthauzo la chiphunzitso cha Social Learning

Lingaliro la chiphunzitso cha chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi chakuti anthu akhoza kutenga chidziwitso kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake kuyang’ana, kutsanzira, ndi kutsanzira. Kuphunzira kwamtunduwu, komwe kumatchedwa kuphunzira koyang'ana, kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kufotokoza makhalidwe osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo omwe ziphunzitso zina zamaphunziro sangathe kuzifotokoza.

Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zodziwika bwino za chiphunzitso cha chikhalidwe cha anthu m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku chingakhale munthu amene amaphunzira kuphika poyang'ana ena akuphika kapena mwana akuphunzira kudya mpunga molondola poyang'ana mbale kapena bwenzi akuchita.

Kufunika kwa chiphunzitso cha Social Learning

Mu psychology ndi maphunziro, zitsanzo za chiphunzitso cha chikhalidwe cha anthu zimawonedwa kawirikawiri. Apa ndiye poyambira kuphunzira momwe chilengedwe chimakhudzira chitukuko ndi kuphunzira kwa anthu.

Zimathandizira kuyankha mafunso monga chifukwa chake ana ena amapambana m'malo amakono pomwe ena amalephera. Lingaliro la kuphunzira la Bandura, makamaka, limagogomezera kudzidalira. 

Chiphunzitso cha chikhalidwe cha anthu chingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pophunzitsa anthu za makhalidwe abwino. Ochita kafukufuku angagwiritse ntchito chiphunzitsochi kuti amvetsetse ndi kumvetsetsa momwe zitsanzo zabwino zingagwiritsire ntchito kulimbikitsa makhalidwe abwino, ndi chidziwitso, komanso kuthandizira kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu ndi Mfundo Zaziphunzitso za Social Learning

Kuti mumvetse bwino chiphunzitso cha chidziwitso ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa mfundo zake ndi zigawo zake zazikulu.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za chiphunzitso cha Social Learning

Chiphunzitsochi chimachokera pamalingaliro awiri odziwika bwino a psychology:

Conditioning theory, yopangidwa ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo wa ku America B.F. Skinner limafotokoza zotsatira za kuyankha kapena kuchita zomwe zimakhudza kuthekera kwake kubwerezabwereza. Izi zikutanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito mphotho ndi zilango kuwongolera machitidwe amunthu. Iyi ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pachilichonse kuyambira kulera ana mpaka maphunziro a AI.

The Classical Conditioning Theory, yopangidwa ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo waku Russia Ivan Pavlov, amatanthauza kulumikizana kwa zolimbikitsa ziwiri m'malingaliro a wophunzira kuti apange mgwirizano wokhudzana ndi thupi.

Anayamba kuyang'ana umunthu ngati njira yolumikizirana pakati pa zinthu zitatu: (1) Chilengedwe - (2) Makhalidwe - (3) Zamaganizo ndondomeko ya chitukuko cha munthu.

Anapeza kuti pogwiritsa ntchito kuyesa kwa chidole cha boho, ana awa adasintha khalidwe lawo popanda kufunikira kwa mphotho kapena kuwerengera kale. Kuphunzira kumachitika chifukwa choyang'anitsitsa osati kulimbikitsidwa, monga momwe akatswiri amakhalidwe panthawiyo ankatsutsa. Kufotokozera kwa akatswiri akale a maphunziro olimbikitsa kuyankha, malinga ndi Bandura, kunali kosavuta komanso kosakwanira kufotokozera machitidwe onse amunthu ndi momwe akumvera.

Mfundo za Social Learning Theory

Kutengera malingaliro awiriwa, pamodzi ndi kafukufuku wowona, Bandura adapereka mfundo ziwiri zophunzirira chikhalidwe cha anthu:

#1. Phunzirani pakuwona kapena stereotyping

Chiphunzitso cha Social Learning chili ndi zigawo zinayi:

chisamaliro

Ngati tikufuna kuphunzira chinachake, tiyenera kutsogolera maganizo athu. Momwemonso, kusokoneza kulikonse mu malingaliro kumachepetsa luso la kuphunzira mwa kuyang'anitsitsa. Simungathe kuphunzira bwino ngati mukugona, kutopa, kusokonezedwa, kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kusokonezeka, kudwala, kuchita mantha, kapena kukomoka. Mofananamo, timasokonezedwa kaŵirikaŵiri pamene zosonkhezera zina zilipo.

Kusungidwa

Kukhoza kukumbukira zomwe taika maganizo athu pa. Timakumbukira zomwe tidawona kuchokera kuchitsanzo mwa mawonekedwe a mafotokozedwe amalingaliro kapena mafotokozedwe apakamwa; m'mawu ena, anthu amakumbukira zomwe amawona. Kumbukirani mu mawonekedwe a zithunzi ndi chinenero kotero kuti tikhoza kuchichotsa ndi kuchigwiritsa ntchito pamene tikuchifuna. Anthu amakumbukira zinthu zomwe zimawakhudza kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kubwereza

Kutsatira kusamala ndi kusunga, munthuyo adzamasulira zithunzi zamaganizidwe kapena kufotokozera zinenero kukhala khalidwe lenileni. Kukhoza kwathu kutsanzira kudzakula ngati tibwereza zimene taona ndi zochita zenizeni; anthu sangaphunzire kanthu popanda kuchita. Kumbali ina, kudziyerekezera tokha tikuwongolera khalidweli kudzawonjezera mwayi wathu wobwerezabwereza. 

Chilimbikitso

Ichi ndi gawo lofunikira pophunzira ntchito yatsopano. Tili ndi zitsanzo zokopa, kukumbukira, ndi luso la kutsanzira, koma sitingathe kuphunzira pokhapokha titakhala ndi chifukwa chotengera khalidwelo. kukhala ogwira mtima. Bandura adanena momveka bwino chifukwa chake timalimbikitsidwa:

a. Mbali yaikulu ya chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe ndi kulimbikitsana kwakale.

b. Kulimbikitsidwa kumalonjezedwa ngati mphotho yabodza.

c. Kulimbikitsa kotsimikizika, chodabwitsa chomwe timawona ndikukumbukira mawonekedwe olimbikitsidwa.

d. Chilango m'mbuyomu.

e. Chilango chalonjezedwa.

f. Chilango chomwe sichinatchulidwe momveka bwino.

#2. Mkhalidwe wamalingaliro ndi wovuta

Malinga ndi Bandura, zinthu zina kuwonjezera pa kulimbikitsa chilengedwe zimakhudza khalidwe ndi kuphunzira. Malinga ndi iye, kulimbikitsana kwamkati ndi mtundu wa mphotho yomwe imachokera mkati mwa munthu ndipo imaphatikizapo kunyada, kukhutira, ndi kuchita bwino. Imagwirizanitsa malingaliro a kuphunzira ndi kukula kwachidziwitso poyang'ana malingaliro ndi malingaliro amkati. Ngakhale kuti malingaliro ophunzirira chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi malingaliro amakhalidwe amasakanizidwa kawirikawiri m'mabuku, Bandura amatchula njira yake ngati "njira yodziwitsa anthu pophunzira" kuti asiyanitse ndi njira zosiyanasiyana.

#3. Kudzigwira

Kudziletsa ndi njira yoyendetsera khalidwe lathu, iyi ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito yomwe imapanga umunthu wa aliyense wa ife. Amapereka ntchito zitatu zotsatirazi:

• Kudziwonera nokha: Kaŵirikaŵiri timakhala ndi ulamuliro pa makhalidwe athu pamene tidzipenda tokha ndi zochita zathu.
• Kuwunika mwadala: Timasiyanitsa zomwe timawona ndi chimango cholozera. Mwachitsanzo, kaŵirikaŵiri timaunika khalidwe lathu mwa kulisiyanitsa ndi zikhalidwe zovomerezeka, monga makhalidwe abwino, moyo, ndi zitsanzo. Mwinanso, tikhoza kukhazikitsa ndondomeko zathu, zomwe zingakhale zapamwamba kapena zotsika kusiyana ndi momwe makampani amachitira.
• Self-feedback ntchito: Tidzagwiritsa ntchito kudziyankha tokha kudzipindulitsa tokha ngati tili okondwa kudziyerekeza tokha ndi miyezo yathu. Timakondanso kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito yodzimvera tokha kuti tidzilange tokha ngati sitikukondwera ndi zotsatira za kufananitsa. Maluso odziwonetsera okhawa amatha kuwonetsedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, monga kusangalala ndi mbale ya pho monga mphotho, kuwona filimu yabwino, kapena kudzimva bwino. Kapena, tidzavutika ndi zowawa ndikudziwononga tokha ndi mkwiyo ndi kusakhutira.

zokhudzana:

• Mitundu ya Masitayilo Ophunzirira
• Wophunzira wa Kinesthetic
• Wophunzira Wowoneka

Ntchito za Social Learning Theory

Udindo wa Aphunzitsi ndi Anzawo Pakuwongolera Maphunziro a Anthu

M'maphunziro, kuphunzira pagulu kumachitika pamene ophunzira amawona aphunzitsi awo kapena anzawo ndikutengera zomwe amachita kuti atenge maluso atsopano. Zimapereka mwayi wophunzirira kuti zichitike m'malo osiyanasiyana komanso pamagawo angapo, zomwe zimadalira kwambiri chilimbikitso.

Kuti ophunzira agwiritse ntchito maluso omwe angopezedwa kumene ndikupeza chidziŵitso chokhalitsa, ayenera kumvetsetsa ubwino woyesera china chatsopano. Pachifukwa ichi, nthawi zambiri ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito chilimbikitso chabwino ngati chithandizo chophunzirira kwa ophunzira.

M'kalasi, chiphunzitso cha Social Learning chingagwiritsidwe ntchito motere:

• Kusintha njira imene timaphunzitsira 
• Kusintha
• Aphunzitsi akugwiritsa ntchito zolimbikitsa kuti apititse patsogolo maphunziro okhudzidwa
• Kulimbikitsa maubwenzi ndi maubwenzi pakati pa ana
• Kuwunika anzawo, kuphunzitsa anzawo, kapena kulangizidwa ndi anzawo 
• Ulaliki kapena makanema opangidwa ndi ophunzira
• Kuzindikira ndi kupereka mphotho kwa ophunzira omwe amawonetsa zomwe akufuna
• kukambirana
• Masewero opangidwa ndi ophunzira kapena masewera a kanema
• Kuyang'anira kugwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a pa Intaneti

Malo Ogwirira Ntchito ndi Magulu Amagulu

Amalonda angagwiritse ntchito maphunziro a chikhalidwe cha anthu m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Pamene njira zophunzirira za chikhalidwe cha anthu zikuphatikizidwa m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, zikhoza kukhala njira yabwino yophunzirira. Anthu omwe amaphunzira bwino m'malo ochezera a anthu amathanso kupindula kwambiri ndi maphunziro a chikhalidwe cha anthu, yomwe ndi bonasi kwa mabizinesi omwe akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito lingaliro ili la kuphunzira mkati mwa antchito awo.

Pali njira zambiri zophatikizira maphunziro a chikhalidwe cha anthu mu maphunziro akampani, chilichonse chimafuna magawo osiyanasiyana antchito.

• Phunzirani mu mgwirizano. 
• Pezani Chidziwitso kudzera mu Idea Generation
• Mwachitsanzo, kuyerekezera kwa Utsogoleri wokhazikika
• Kulumikizana kwapa media
• Tumizani kudzera pa intaneti
• Kusinthana kwa Maphunziro a Social
• Kasamalidwe ka chidziwitso pa maphunziro a anthu
• Zothandizira maphunziro

Momwe Mungamangire Mapologalamu Ogwira Ntchito Pogwiritsa Ntchito Chiphunzitso cha Social Learning 

Kuphunzira za chikhalidwe cha anthu kumachitika kuntchito pamene anthu amawona ogwira nawo ntchito ndikumvetsera zomwe akuchita ndi momwe amachitira. Chifukwa chake, izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti mupange mapulogalamu ogwira mtima ophunzitsira pogwiritsa ntchito chiphunzitso cha chikhalidwe cha anthu moyenera momwe mungathere:

• Limbikitsani anthu kuti agawane malingaliro awo apadera, malingaliro, nthano, ndi zomwe akumana nazo.
• Khazikitsani maukonde ophunzitsira m'dera lanu
• Wonjezerani chidziwitso pomanga malo ogwirira ntchito momwe antchito amatha kukambirana ndi kusinthanitsa malingaliro pamitu yosiyanasiyana, ndikupanga masomphenya amtsogolo.
• Limbikitsani mgwirizano wokhazikika pafupipafupi, kupempha ndi kuvomera thandizo kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito, ndikugawana chidziwitso.
• Yankhani nkhani nthawi yomweyo.
• Limbikitsani mtima womvera ena pamene akuyankha mafunso awo.
• Pangani alangizi kuchokera kwa antchito odziwa ntchito kuti athandize olemba ntchito atsopano.

Zitengera Zapadera

💡 Ngati mukuyang'ana chida chapamwamba kwambiri cha maphunziro chomwe chimathandiza kuti maphunziro azikhala osangalatsa komanso osangalatsa, yankhani Chidwi nthawi yomweyo. Iyi ndi pulogalamu yabwino kwambiri yophunzirira molumikizana komanso mothandizana, pomwe ophunzira amaphunzira kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zamaganizidwe monga mafunso, kukambirana, ndi zokambirana.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Ref: Simply Psychology