Mitundu Yamachitidwe ndi Kuchita Bwino | Zosintha za 2024

"Chiwopsezo chachikulu ndikusayika pachiwopsezo chilichonse. M'dziko lomwe likusintha mwachangu, njira yokhayo yomwe ingatsimikizidwe kulephera ndikuyika pachiwopsezo, "atero a Mark Zuckerberg.

Strategy ndiye maziko a chitukuko chabizinesi pamsika wampikisano. Njira iliyonse yosankhidwa pakuyenda kwina ili ngati kutenga chiopsezo. Kuopsa kumafanana ndi mwayi, ndipo njira yodziwika bwino imakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pakusintha chiopsezo kukhala mwayi.

Ndiye zabwino kwambiri mitundu ya njira kuti makampani ayenera kulabadira? Tiyeni tilowe m'nkhaniyi kuti tidziwe zambiri!

M'ndandanda wazopezekamo

• Kodi Strategy ndi chiyani? 
• Chifukwa Chiyani Kampani Iyenera Kuganizira Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Njira?
• Kodi Mitundu Yodziwika ya Strategy mu Strategic Management ndi iti?
  • Njira Yachikhalidwe
  • Njira Yampikisano 
  • Njira Yogwirira Ntchito
  • Njira Ya Kukula
• Kodi Zitsanzo za Strategy mu Bizinesi Yamakono ndi Chiyani?
• Momwe Mungasankhire Njira Zoyenera za Gulu?
• Zitengera Zapadera
• Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi Strategy ndi chiyani? 

Ndondomeko ndi ndondomeko yokonzedwa bwino kapena njira yopangidwira kukwaniritsa zolinga zenizeni. Kumaphatikizapo kukhala ndi zolinga zomveka bwino, kupenda mmene zinthu zilili, kupanga zosankha, kukonzekera zochita, ndi kusintha pakafunika kutero.

Njira, kuyambira pabizinesi kupita ku chitukuko cha munthu, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuti ziwongolere popanga zisankho komanso kugawa bwino zinthu kuti akwaniritse zomwe akufuna.

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Chifukwa Chiyani Kampani Iyenera Kuganizira Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Njira?

Kumvetsetsa mitundu ya njira ndikofunikira monga kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoyenera. Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe bungwe liyenera kumvetsetsa bwino mtundu uliwonse wa njira:

• Zochitika zosiyanasiyana zimafuna njira zosiyanasiyana, ndipo kumvetsetsa zovuta za mtundu uliwonse wa ndondomeko zimatsimikizira kuti njira yosankhidwa ikugwirizana ndi masomphenya onse ndi cholinga cha bungwe.
• Mikhalidwe yamsika imatha kusintha nthawi ndi nthawi. Ngati njira imodzi sikugwira ntchito, kampani ikhoza kutembenukira ku ina yomwe ikugwirizana ndi momwe zilili pano.
• Njira zosiyanasiyana zimafunikira magawo osiyanasiyana azinthu.
• Mtundu uliwonse wa njira umabwera ndi ziwopsezo zake komanso mphotho zomwe zingakhalepo.

Kodi Mitundu Yodziwika ya Strategy mu Strategic Management ndi iti?

Nawa mitundu yodziwika bwino ya njira zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pakuwongolera njira. Ndizodziwikiratu kuti pafupifupi mabungwe onse masiku ano nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza ndikusintha njirazi kuti zigwirizane ndi zolinga zawo zenizeni komanso msika.

"Kampani imatha kuchita bwino kuposa omwe akupikisana nawo pokhapokha ikatha kukhazikitsa kusiyana komwe ingasunge."

by Michael E. Porter, HBR

Njira Yachikhalidwe

Corporate Strategy ndi imodzi mwa njira zomwe mabizinesi amagwiritsa ntchito masiku ano. Ndondomeko yapamwamba yomwe imatanthawuza mayendedwe ndi zolinga za bungwe. Zimaphatikizapo zisankho za kupezeka kwa msika, kugawidwa kwazinthu, malo abwino, mwayi wogwirizana, kuchepetsa chiopsezo, kukhazikika, ndi zolinga za kukula. Ndondomekoyi imatsogolera bungwe lonse kuti liwonetsetse kuti ntchito zake zikugwirizana ndi masomphenya ake a nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimawathandiza kukwaniritsa zolinga zake.

Njira Yampikisano 

Dongosolo lokonzedwa bwino lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabungwe kuti apeze malo otsogola pamsika wawo kapena mafakitale awo. Zimaphatikizapo kuloza msika womwe ukufunidwa, kupereka mtengo wosiyana kwa makasitomala, kuzindikira zabwino zomwe zimapikisana (monga utsogoleri wamitengo kapena kusiyanitsa), ndikugawa bwino zinthu. Njira zopikisana ndizofunikira kuti tikwaniritse bwino komanso kupitilira ochita nawo mpikisano popereka phindu lapamwamba kwa makasitomala.

Michael Porter watchula mitundu inayi ya njira zopikisana zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mubizinesi iliyonse mosasamala kukula ndi mtundu wazinthu. Pakati pawo, njira ya Differentiation ndi imodzi mwazothandiza kwambiri. Pamsika, pali malonda zikwizikwi omwe akugulitsa zinthu zofanana ndi ntchito. Keke ikadyedwa ndi onse omwe akupikisana nawo amphamvu, bizinesi yanu ingateteze bwanji kagawo kakang'ono? Yankho lagona mu njira yolekanitsa yochitidwa bwino. Nthawi zambiri zimabwera ndi Mitengo Yamtengo Wapatali, pomwe Makasitomala amalolera kulipira ndalama zolipirira akawona mtengo wowonjezera pazogulitsa kapena ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phindu liwonjezeke.

Njira Yogwirira Ntchito

Mitundu ya njira monga Operational Strategy ndi njira yomwe iyenera kuganiziridwa pamabungwe ang'onoang'ono ndi akulu. Kukonzekera mkati mwa bungwe komwe kumayang'ana kwambiri kukhathamiritsa kwa zochitika zosiyanasiyana ndi njira zomwe zimachitika m'magawo omwe amagwira ntchito, monga kutsatsa, ndalama, kapena kupanga. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchitozi zikugwirizana ndi kulimbikitsa zolinga zazikulu zabizinesi za bungwe. Njira yogwirira ntchitoyo ikuphatikizapo kuyenga, kugawa chuma mwanzeru, kukhazikitsa zizindikiro zogwirira ntchito, ndikuyang'anira mbali zosiyanasiyana za ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku kuti ziwonjezere mphamvu, khalidwe, ndi mpikisano.

Njira Ya Kukula

Growth Strategy, pakati pa mitundu yapamwamba ya njira, ikufotokoza ndondomeko yadala yomwe mabungwe amagwiritsa ntchito kukulitsa bizinesi yawo, kuonjezera gawo la msika, ndi kukwaniritsa kukula kosatha. Zimakhudzanso zochitika monga kulowa m'misika yatsopano, kupanga zinthu zatsopano kapena ntchito, kulowa m'misika yomwe ilipo kale, kusiyanasiyana m'malo osagwirizana, kupanga mayanjano, ndikulimbikitsa zatsopano. Kuchita bwino kwa njira yakukula kumafuna kukonzekera mosamalitsa, kugawidwa kwazinthu, komanso kusinthika kwakusintha kwa msika.

Kodi Zitsanzo za Strategy mu Bizinesi Yamakono ndi Chiyani?

Apple ndi chitsanzo chodziwika bwino chogwiritsira ntchito njira yoyenera pa nthawi yoyenera, pamene pali kusinthasintha kwa msika ndi kutsika kwachuma.

• Apple's Differentiation Strategy: Njira yampikisano ya Apple imakhazikika pakusiyanitsa kwazinthu. Kampaniyo nthawi zonse imapereka zinthu zatsopano komanso zowoneka bwino, monga iPhone, iPad, ndi Mac, zomwe zimalamula mitengo yamtengo wapatali. Kukhulupirika kwa mtundu wa Apple ndi kuphatikiza kwachilengedwe kumalimbitsanso njira yake yosiyanitsa.

Google yapangitsa dzina lake kukhala injini yosakira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa intaneti, chifukwa chakusintha kwake kwa zilembo za Google mu 2015.

• Kusintha kwa Zilembo za Google (2015): Kampani ya makolo ya Google, Alphabet Inc., idasintha njira zazikulu zamabizinesi pokonzanso mabizinesi ake osiyanasiyana kukhala magawo osiyana pansi pa ambulera ya Zilembo. Kukonzanso uku kunapangitsa Google kuyang'ana kwambiri pakusaka ndi kutsatsa malonda ake pomwe ikuthandiza mabungwe ena a zilembo za Alphabet kuti achite nawo mabizinesi atsopano.

Tesla amabweranso ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yamabizinesi yomwe makampani ambiri amatenga ngati phunziro lofunika. M'malo mongoyang'ana pa zopindulitsa zomwe zachitika posachedwa, amasewera masewera aatali, ndi cholinga chokhala kampani yayikulu yamagalimoto padziko lonse lapansi. 

• A Tesla Supply Chain strategy: Ndi imodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri zomwe adapanga. Adatenga ulamuliro wonse pamayendedwe awo operekera ndalama poyika kubetcha kwa opanga mabatire, kuwalola kuti akhale ofulumira komanso olabadira kusintha komwe akufuna. Pofika Julayi 2023, Tesla amagwiritsa ntchito netiweki ya masiteshoni 5,265 a Supercharger okhala ndi zolumikizira zopitilira 48,000. Uwu ndiye mwayi waukulu wampikisano wa Tesla, ndipo ukhoza kuthandiza kampaniyo kupitiliza kukula m'zaka zikubwerazi.

Momwe Mungasankhire Njira Zoyenera za Gulu?

M'gawoli, timapereka malingaliro asanu omwe angathandize bungwe kukhala ndi maziko olimba kuti lipange zisankho zanzeru posankha njirayo.

1. Kumvetsetsa Zolinga za Gulu:

 Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa kugwirizanitsa njira yosankhidwa ndi ntchito yaikulu ya bungwe ndi masomphenya ake zimatsimikizira kuti ndondomekoyi ikugwirizana ndi cholinga chachikulu cha bungwe.

2. Kusanthula Kwamakampani ndi Kupikisana:

 Kufufuza mozama zamakampani ndi momwe amachitira mpikisano ndikofunikira chifukwa kumapereka maziko opangira zisankho mwanzeru komanso kuthandiza mabungwe kumvetsetsa momwe akupikisana nawo. Kambiranani zakufunika kowunikira bwino pogwiritsa ntchito zida monga SWOT, PESTEL, ndi Porter's Five Forces kuti mumvetsetse momwe msika ulili, kuwopseza, ndi mwayi.

3. Kuwunika Kuthekera Kwamkati:

Kumvetsetsa mphamvu za mkati mwa bungwe ndi zofooka ndizofunikira kwambiri. Popanda kuwunikaku, zimakhala zovuta kudziwa ngati bungwe lili ndi zofunikira komanso kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito njira yosankhidwa bwino. Izi zikuphatikiza kuwunika ndalama, kuchuluka kwa anthu, luso laukadaulo, komanso magwiridwe antchito.

4. Kugawa Zothandizira:

Kuwonetsetsa kuti kupezeka kwa zinthu kumagwirizana ndi zofunikira za njira yosankhidwa ndikofunikira. Popanda kugawa bwino zinthu, ngakhale njira yabwino kwambiri imatha kulephera.

5. Kuwunika ndi Kuwunika

Kukhazikitsa ma metrics ogwirira ntchito ndi ma KPIs kuti muwunikire momwe zinthu zikuyendera komanso kusintha ndikofunikira kuti zinthu zizichitika bwino. Popanda kuwunika ndi kuunikira koyenera, mabungwe sangatsimikizire kuti njirayo ikuyenda bwino ndikupereka zotsatira zomwe akufuna.

Zitengera Zapadera

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti mphamvu ya mtundu uliwonse wa njira imakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Njira yomwe ili yoyenera kampaniyo mwina siyikugwira ntchito kukampani yanu. M'mabizinesi omwe akusintha nthawi zonse, kukhala ndi chidziwitso ndi zomwe zachitika posachedwa komanso kukhala otseguka kuti muwone njira zosiyanasiyana ndikofunikira kuti mupambane kwanthawi yayitali.

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Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Ref: Ndemanga Yabizinesi ya Havard | Casade