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Kwa zaka zambiri, dongosolo la San Francisco's Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART), lokhala ndi okwera 400,000 patsiku lakhala limodzi mwazinthu zopambana kwambiri ndipo Bechtel ndiye mtsogoleri wamkulu wapadziko lonse lapansi wama projekiti akuluakulu a zomangamanga ndi uinjiniya. Chitsanzo ichi ndi umboni wabwino kwambiri wosonyeza kufunikira kwa kayendetsedwe ka polojekiti. Pachimake pakuchita bwino kwa projekiti iliyonse ndi kumbuyo kwa oyang'anira projekiti abwino.
Chifukwa chake, m'nkhaniyi, tiwona momwe kasamalidwe ka projekiti ilili, momwe kulili kofunikira, komanso njira zabwino zopangira, kukonza, kuyang'anira ndikuwunika ntchito.
M'ndandanda wazopezekamo
- Kodi Project Management ndi Zitsanzo ndi chiyani?
- Chifukwa Chiyani Ntchito Yoyang'anira Ntchito Ndi Yofunika?
- Kodi Magawo Atatu Ofunika Kwambiri Pakuwongolera Ntchito Ndi Chiyani?
- Kodi Njira Zoyendetsera Ntchito ndi Chiyani: PERT ndi CPM
- Kugwiritsa Ntchito Pulogalamu Yoyang'anira Ntchito Kuwongolera Ntchito
- Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
- pansi Line
Malangizo Opangira Chibwenzi Bwino
Mukuyang'ana njira yolumikizirana yoyendetsera polojekiti yanu bwino?
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🚀 Tengani Akaunti Yaulere
Kodi Project Management ndi Zitsanzo ndi chiyani?
Ma projekiti ndi gawo lodziwika bwino la moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku. Titha kukhala tikukonzekera ukwati kapena phwando lobadwa modzidzimutsa, kukongoletsanso nyumba, kapena kukonzekera projekiti ya kalasi yayitali. Ntchito zazikuluzikulu zingatchulidwe monga kumanga mlatho, kusamutsa okhalamo, kupanga mizere yatsopano ya ndege, ndi zina. Onse amafunikira kasamalidwe ka polojekiti.
Kasamalidwe ka projekiti amafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane njira, njira, ndi machitidwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera, kukonza, kuyang'anira, ndikuwunika ma projekiti kuyambira koyambira mpaka kumapeto. Zimaphatikizapo zochitika zambiri ndi njira zomwe zimapangidwira kukwaniritsa zolinga zenizeni mkati mwazovuta zomwe zafotokozedwa monga nthawi, mtengo, kukula, ubwino, ndi zothandizira.
Chifukwa Chiyani Ntchito Yoyang'anira Ntchito Ndi Yofunika?
Ndikovuta kukana kufunika kwa kasamalidwe m'mapulojekiti omwe amathandiza kuti projekiti iliyonse yabizinesi iziyenda bwino komanso moyenera. Tiyeni tikambirane maubwino atatu a kasamalidwe kabwino ka polojekiti.
Sungani Nthawi Ndi Ndalama
Kukonzekera bwino kwa pulojekiti kumaphatikizapo kukonzekera mosamala ndi kugawa zinthu. Oyang'anira polojekiti amawunika zofunikira za polojekiti, kuzindikira zofunikira, ndikuzipereka moyenera. Poyerekeza molondola zosowa zazachuma ndikupewa kugawikana kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito mochepera, oyang'anira polojekiti amakulitsa kagwiritsidwe ntchito kazinthu, kuchepetsa ndalama zosafunikira komanso kusunga nthawi.
Limbikitsani Kugwirizana Ndi Kulankhulana
Oyang'anira polojekiti amafotokozera ndikufotokozera maudindo ndi maudindo omveka bwino kwa mamembala a gulu. Munthu aliyense amamvetsetsa ntchito zake zenizeni, zomwe angapereke, ndi magawo omwe amayankha. Kumveka bwino kumeneku kumachepetsa chisokonezo komanso kuphatikizika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mamembala azigwira ntchito limodzi bwino komanso moyenera.
Chepetsani Zowopsa Ndi Nkhani
Mapulojekiti mwachibadwa amakhala ndi zoopsa komanso zosatsimikizika, zomwe, ngati sizisamalidwe, zimatha kubweretsa zovuta zazikulu kapena kulephera. Kasamalidwe kabwino ka polojekiti amagogomezera kuzindikira zoopsa, kuunika, ndi njira zochepetsera. Poyembekezera ndikuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zingachitike koyambirira, oyang'anira polojekiti amatha kuchepetsa zomwe akuchita ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mapulojekiti akuyenda bwino, kapena kumalizidwa lisanafike tsiku lomwe akufuna.
Onani: Kodi Scrum master amachita chiyani?
Kodi Magawo Atatu Ofunika Kwambiri Oyendetsera Ntchito Ndi Chiyani?
Kasamalidwe ka ma projekiti amaphatikizapo magawo atatu: kukonza ma projekiti, kukonza ma projekiti, ndi kuyang'anira ntchito. Nazi zambiri za gawo lililonse.
Kukonzekera Ntchito
Kasamalidwe ndi kakonzedwe ka polojekitiyi zimayamba ndi gawo lokonzekera, pomwe zolinga za polojekiti, zolinga, ndi kukula kwake zimafotokozedwa. Panthawi imeneyi, oyang'anira polojekiti amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi okhudzidwa kuti amvetse zomwe akufuna komanso zomwe akuyembekezera.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti pali njira zingapo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera polojekiti, ndipo imodzi mwa njira zogwirira ntchito bwino ndikukonzekera ntchito (WBS). Imatanthauzidwa ngati njira yogawa pulojekiti m'zigawo zake zazikulu (kapena ntchito), zomwe zimagawidwa mwatsatanetsatane, ndipo potsirizira pake kukhala gulu la ntchito ndi ndalama zake.
zokhudzana: Chiwonetsero cha mbalame pakukonzekera ntchito
Kukonzekera kwa Ntchito
Kukonzekera kwa polojekiti kumatanthawuza njira yotsatirira ndi kugawa nthawi ku zochitika zonse za polojekiti. Pakadali pano, oyang'anira amasankha nthawi yomwe ntchito iliyonse itenga ndikuwerengera zofunikira pagawo lililonse la kupanga.
Zolinga zokonzekera polojekiti zitha kufotokozedwa mwachidule motere:
- Kuwonetsa mgwirizano wa ntchito iliyonse kwa ena ndi polojekiti yonse
- Kuzindikira dongosolo lomveka komanso kulumikizana pakati pa zochitika
- Kuwongolera kukhazikitsidwa kwa nthawi yeniyeni ndi kuyerekezera mtengo kwa ntchito iliyonse
- Kuwonetsetsa kuti anthu, ndalama, ndi chuma zikugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera pozindikira zolepheretsa.
Njira imodzi yodziwika yokonzera projekiti ndi tchati cha Gantt. Ma chart a Gantt ndi njira zotsika mtengo zomwe cholinga chake ndi kuthandiza oyang'anira kuonetsetsa kuti:
- Zochita zimakonzedwa
- Dongosolo la magwiridwe antchito lalembedwa
- Kuyerekeza kwa nthawi ya zochitika kumalembedwa
- Nthawi yonse ya polojekiti imapangidwa.
zokhudzana:
Kuwongolera Ntchito
Kuwongolera kwa projekiti kumatanthawuza kusamalidwa bwino kwa zinthu, ndalama, mtundu, ndi bajeti. Kuwongolera ntchito kungakhale kovuta. Sikuti ma projekiti onse amafotokozedwa bwino poyamba, ena sangatchulidwe bwino. Ma projekiti nthawi zambiri amafotokozedwa bwino pambuyo pokonzekera mwatsatanetsatane koyambirira komanso kutanthauzira mosamalitsa zofunikira, zothandizira, njira, ndi zotuluka.
Poyang'anira, pali mawu otchedwa Waterfall Methodology omwe amaphatikizapo njira yotsatizana yomwe polojekitiyi ikuyang'ana pang'onopang'ono ndipo gawo lililonse limatsirizidwa lisanapitirire ku lina. Woyang'anira projekiti ndi gulu amayang'ana kwambiri kukonzekera ndikuchita gawo limodzi panthawi, potsatira ndondomeko yokonzedweratu. Zopinga zikadziwika, zosintha zimakhala zazing'ono kuti zitha kuyendetsedwa popanda kukonzanso mapulani.
Mosiyana ndi njira ya Waterfall, Njira za Agile imagogomezera kufananiza kapena munthawi yomweyo kukonza ndi kuwongolera zigawo za polojekiti. Nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi njira za Agile monga Scrum ndi Kanban. M'malo moti amalize gawo lililonse asanayambe lina, magulu amagwira ntchito zingapo nthawi imodzi, kuyang'ana pa kubwereza kwazing'ono kapena kuwonjezereka kwa nthawi. Pali malo ambiri owunika ndi mayankho olondola kuti muwone momwe polojekiti ikuyendera, zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuti muwunikenso ntchito pambuyo pake.
Onani: Kukwaniritsa Pulojekiti ndi Ntchito Yowunika Ntchito
Kodi Njira Zoyendetsera Ntchito Ndi Chiyani: PERT ndi CPM
Njira zonse ziwiri za Kuwunika kwa Pulogalamu ndi Kubwereza (PERT) ndi Critical Path Method (CPM) ndi njira zodziwika bwino zoyendetsera polojekiti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera ndi kukonza zochitika, zomwe zimagawana zofanana malinga ndi ndondomeko yonse ya masitepe 6 motere:
- Fotokozerani zomwe polojekiti ikufunika kuti mutsirize ntchitoyo ndikukonzekera dongosolo la kugawa ntchito
- Dziwani kuti ndi ntchito ziti zomwe zimadalira ena ndikukhazikitsa maubwenzi oyenera, monga "kumaliza-kuyambira" kapena "kuyambira-kuyambira".
- Jambulani netiweki yolumikiza zochitika zonse pogwiritsa ntchito node kuyimira zochitika ndi mivi kuti muwonetse kuthamanga ndi kudalira pakati pawo.
- Linganizani nthawi ya ntchito iliyonse ndi mtengo wake
- Dziwani Njira Yovuta (kutsatizana kwakutali kwambiri kwa zochitika zomwe zimadalira zomwe zimatsimikizira nthawi yochepera ya polojekiti)
- Pantchito yonseyi, kupita patsogolo kumawunikidwa mogwirizana ndi ndandandayo, ndipo zosintha zimakonzedwa kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zatha panthaŵi yake.
Kodi ubwino ndi kuipa kwa PERT ndi CPM ndi chiyani?
Pali kutsutsa kokhudza PERT ndi CPM ngati ndizofunika pakuwongolera polojekiti. Nazi ubwino ndi malire a njira ziwirizi:
| ubwino | sitingathe |
| - Amapereka njira mwadongosolo pokonzekera pulojekiti, makamaka mapulojekiti akuluakulu, ovuta okhala ndi zochitika zambiri. - Poyang'ana pazochitika zofunika kwambiri panjira yovuta, oyang'anira polojekiti akhoza kuika patsogolo zofunikira ndi kuyesetsa kuti ntchitoyo ikwaniritsidwe panthawi yake. - Amaperekanso ndondomeko yowunikira momwe polojekiti ikuyendera ndikuyiyerekeza ndi ndondomeko yomwe inakonzedwa. | - Kuzindikira ndi kuwerengera zomwe zimadalira izi kungakhale kovuta - Kuyerekeza kwa nthawi mu kayendetsedwe ka polojekiti nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokhazikika komanso kotengera zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chiopsezo cha kuyerekezera kokondera komanso zolakwika zomwe zingatheke pa nthawi ya polojekiti. - Ndikofunikiranso kuyang'anira mosamala njira zomwe zili pafupi kwambiri ndi polojekitiyi. Kunyalanyaza njira zomwe zili pafupi kwambirizi kungayambitse ngozi zomwe zingachitike komanso kungayambitse kuchedwa kapena kusokoneza nthawi yonse ya polojekiti. |
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Pulogalamu Yoyang'anira Ntchito Kuwongolera Ntchito
Zabwino kwambiri ndi ziti mapulogalamu oyang'anira polojekiti ? Pali zosankha zingapo zomwe makampani angayang'anire ntchito. Kutengera kukula kwa projekiti, oyang'anira atha kusankha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe takambiranazi poyang'anira mapulojekiti ang'onoang'ono kapena kuphatikiza mapulogalamu apadera owongolera ma projekiti akuluakulu ndi ovuta.
Ndikoyenera kubweretsa Microsoft Project, imodzi mwamapulogalamu odziwika kwambiri, omwe ndi othandiza kwambiri pojambula maukonde a projekiti, kuzindikira ndandanda ya projekiti, ndikuwongolera mtengo wa projekiti ndi zinthu zina ndikuwunika ntchito. Inunso mukhoza lingalirani za m’malo mwake monga Asana, Trello, Jira, ndi Basecamp project management software. Onse ndi mapulogalamu olipidwa kasamalidwe ka projekiti yokhala ndi mayeso aulere azinthu zambiri zapamwamba zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuyang'anira mapulojekiti anu ndi magulu mogwira mtima.
zokhudzana: Malangizo 10 Ogwiritsira Ntchito Asana Project Management Mogwira mtima mu 2024 or Microsoft Project Alternatives
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Kodi malamulo 4 agolide a kasamalidwe ka polojekiti ndi ati?
Malamulo anayi a golidi a kayendetsedwe ka polojekiti ndi: kulankhulana koyenera ndi kasitomala, kupanga pulojekiti yokwanira, kusunga ubale wabwino ndi bungwe, ndikukumbukira kuti anthu amawerengera.
Kodi magawo 5 a kayendetsedwe ka polojekiti ndi chiyani?
Magawo 5 ofunikira a kasamalidwe ka projekiti akuphatikizapo: kuyambitsa, kukonzekera, kuchita, kuwongolera, ndi kutseka.
Mitundu inayi ya kasamalidwe ka polojekiti ndi yotani?
Mitundu ina yodziwika bwino yoyendetsera polojekiti ndi: Waterfall, Agile, Scrum, ndi njira ya Kanban.
Magawo atatu omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kayendetsedwe ka ntchito zazikulu ndi...
Kukonzekera momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito polojekiti, kukonzekera ndondomeko ndi nthawi ndi kasamalidwe kachitidwe.
pansi Line
Monga tikuonera, ndi koyenera kuti kampani iliyonse ikhale ndi ndalama zowonjezera luso la kayendetsedwe ka polojekiti. Kasamalidwe kogwira mtima ka projekiti sikungasowe oyang'anira projekiti aluso komanso gulu lochita bwino kwambiri. Pali maphunziro ambiri ovomerezeka ndi maphunziro omwe angathandize ophunzira kudziwa zambiri komanso zothandiza pa kayendetsedwe ka polojekiti. Ngati muli ndi chidaliro komanso okonzekera bwino, bwanji osachita zovuta SMEs, satifiketi yoyamikiridwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yoyang'anira ma projekiti, kuphatikiza malingaliro achikhalidwe, akale, ndi osakanizidwa.
Komabe, ngati mukufuna kusunga ndalama, kutenga maphunziro aulere a kasamalidwe ka polojekiti ya Coursera ndi lingaliro labwino. Kwa Hr-ers, kugwiritsa ntchito maphunziro osinthidwa kungapangitsenso zotsatira zabwino. Mutha kupanga maphunziro osangalatsa ndi AhaSlides woonetsa chida, komwe mungapeze ma templates ambiri aulere omwe mungasinthire makonda a mafunso ndi masewera ophatikizana ndi zotsatira zapadera zowonetsera.
Ntchito yotchulidwa: Render, Barry, Heizer, Jay, Munson, Chuck. (2017). Operation Management : zopezera ndi Kayang'aniridwe kazogulula 12 pa. Mkonzi. (Mkonzi wa 12).
Ref: Kugwirizana | M. Library