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Agile Methodology | Maitiro Akanakisisa muna 2024

Agile Methodology | Maitiro Akanakisisa muna 2024

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Astrid Tran 03 May 2024 7 min kuverenga

Agile maitiro yakawana mukurumbira wakakosha mukuvandudza software nekuda kweiyo inoshanduka uye inodzokorora maitiro. Nekusiyana-siyana mumagadzirirwo uye maitiro, Agile nzira inopa imwe nzira yekutarisira mapurojekiti kana ichienzaniswa neyechinyakare mapopoma emvura.

Kana iwe usingade kuti mukwikwidzi wako akusiye kumashure, kugashira nzira yeAgile mukutonga kweprojekiti inogona kuve nzira dzakanakisa dzekuramba uri kumberi munyika yemazuva ano inokurumidza bhizinesi. Asi zvisati zvaitika, zvakakosha kuwana nzwisiso yakadzama munyika yeAgile nzira. Ngatiendei pamusoro pemamwe akakosha maficha nezveAgile methodology inopa kunzwisisa kuri nani kwemashandiro anoita Agile methodology mukuita.

Agile maitiro
Chii chinonzi Agile methodology uye kuti inoshanda sei? | Mufananidzo: Freepik

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Chii chinonzi Agile methodology?

Agile methodology inzira yekutarisira purojekiti inotarisa kushanduka, kuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza, uye kubatana kwevatengi. Zvakatanga semhinduro kune zvisingakwanisi nzira dzechinyakare dzemapopoma emvura, izvo zvaiwanzokonzeresa kutenderera kurefu kwebudiriro uye maitiro akaomarara. Agile methodology inoisa simbiso yakasimba pakuvandudza iterative, kazhinji mhinduro loops, uye kugona kupindura kune zvinoshanduka zvinodiwa.

agile workflow process, scum agile
Misiyano yeimwe Agile inoshanda modhi ine Waterfall chimiro modhi | Mufananidzo: Freepik

Ndedzipi 5 Agile nzira?

Muchikamu chino, tichaongorora nzira shanu dzekutanga dzeAgile dzinosanganisira Scrum, Kanban, Lean, Extreme Programming (XP), uye Crystal Method. Imwe neimwe nzira ine yayo yakasarudzika hunhu, misimboti, uye maitiro anobatsira mukubudirira kweAgile chirongwa manejimendi.

Scrum

Agile Scrum chimiro ndeimwe yeanonyanya kugamuchirwa Agile nzira. Agile projekiti manejimendi neScrum inokamura mapurojekiti kuita mapfupi iterations anonzi sprints, anowanzogara mavhiki maviri kusvika mana. Iyo dhizaini inosanganisira akati wandei akakosha mabasa, anosanganisira Scrum Master, Muridzi Wechigadzirwa, uye Chikwata Chekuvandudza. Scrum inosimbisa misangano yemazuva ese yekumira, kuronga kwemumhanyi, kukwenenzvera kumashure, uye ongororo yekumhanya kuti ive nechokwadi chekujeka, kutaurirana kunoshanda, uye kuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza. Mabhenefiti ayo anosanganisira kuwedzera kubatana, kukurumidza-kusvika-kumusika-nguva, uye kukwidziridzwa kuchinjika pakuchinja zvinodiwa zveprojekiti.

Kanban

Kanban ndeimwe yakakurumbira Agile inoshanda modhi inotarisa pakuona uye nekugonesa mafambiro ebasa. Iyi nzira inoshandisa bhodhi reKanban kuona mabasa uye kufambira mberi kwavo, kazhinji inomiririrwa semakoramu nemakadhi. Kanban inosimudzira dhizaini-yakavakirwa sisitimu uko zvinhu zvebasa zvinodhonzwa kubva pane imwe nhanho kuenda kune inotevera sezvo kugona kunobvumira. Inopa zvikwata kuoneka zvakajeka mubasa ravo uye inovagonesa kuona mabhodhoro uye nekuramba vachivandudza maitiro avo. Mabhenefiti eKanban anosanganisira kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka, kuderedzwa kwemarara, uye kukwidziridzwa kwechikwata kutarisa pakuunza kukosha.

Zvakanyanya Kurongwa (XP)

Imwe yakanaka Agile sisitimu, Extreme Programming (XP) ine chinangwa chekuvandudza software yemhando uye kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwechikwata kuburikidza neseti yemaitiro uye maitiro. Nekusimbisa kutaurirana, kureruka, uye kuchinjika, XP maitiro muAgile inopa yakarongeka nzira yekuvandudza software inoita kuti zvikwata zviunze zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro uku zvichigamuchira shanduko yezvinodiwa. 

Lean Development

Lean methodology, kunyangwe isiri iyo Agile sisitimu, inogovera akawanda misimboti uye maitiro neAgile. Kubva mukugadzira, Lean ine chinangwa chekubvisa tsvina uye kugadzirisa hunyanzvi nekutarisa pakusika kukosha uye kuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza. Lean inosimbisa kukosha kwekukosha kwevatengi, kuderedza basa risingakoshi, uye nekugadzirisa kuyerera. Nekutora maLean misimboti mukati meAgile mamiriro, zvikwata zvinogona kuwedzera kubatana, kuderedza marara, uye kuunza kukosha zvakanyanya.

Crystal Nzira

Kana zvasvika pakuisa pfungwa pane vanhu uye nekudyidzana kwavo, nzira yeCrystal inonyanya kufarirwa. Yakagadzirwa naAlistair Cockburn, iyo Crystal Method yakagadzirirwa kuisa pamberi-inotungamirwa nevanhu misimboti uye hunhu mukati meiyo software yekuvandudza maitiro. Inobvuma kukosha kwehunyanzvi hwemunhu uye hunyanzvi mukubudirira kweprojekiti. Uyezve, inotarisa pakuziva nekusimudzira masimba enhengo dzechikwata, kuve nechokwadi chekuti vanhu vakarurama vanopihwa mabasa akakodzera.

Ndeapi mabhenefiti ekushandisa Agile methodology?

Kutora misimboti yeAgile uye kukosha kunogona kuunza huwandu hwemabhenefiti kumasangano. Heano mamwe ekiyi 

Kuonekwa kweprojekiti kwakavandudzwa

Agile methodology inopa pachena uye chaiyo-nguva maonero ekufambira mberi kweprojekiti. Misangano yenguva dzose, yakadai semazuva ese ekumira-up uye ongororo yekumhanya, inoita kuti zvikwata zvikurukure zvavakaita, matambudziko, uye mabasa ari kuuya. Iyi nhanho yekuonekwa inobvumira vanobatana kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo, kuona zvinogona kuvharika mumigwagwa, uye kugadzirisa zvinonyanya kukosha zvinoenderana. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mapurojekiti anowanzo kuramba ari mugwara uye kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvawo.

Kuwedzera kuchinjika

Mumazuva ano ari kukurumidza kuchinja mamiriro ebhizinesi, kugona kugadzirisa nekukurumidza kwakakosha kuti ubudirire. Agile methodology inokunda munzvimbo ino nekugonesa zvikwata kupindura nekukurumidza kune zvitsva zvinodiwa, maitiro emusika, kana mhinduro yemutengi. Nekupwanya mapurojekiti kuita madiki, anogoneka mabasa, Agile inobvumira zvikwata kuti zvigadzirise zvirongwa zvavo uye zvavanokoshesa pasina kukanganisa chirongwa chose. Uku kuchinjika kunovimbisa kuti mabhizinesi anogona kuramba achivandudza uye kuendesa kukosha kune vatengi vavo.

Inokurumidza nguva yekutengesa

Agile methodology inosimbisa kuendesa zvigadzirwa zvinoshanda munguva pfupi. Panzvimbo pekumirira kusvika pakupera kweprojekiti kuburitsa chigadzirwa chekupedzisira, Agile inobvumira zvikwata kuburitsa yakawedzera zvigadziriso mukati mekuita kwekusimudzira. Iyi nzira yekudzokorora inogonesa mabhizinesi kuunganidza mhinduro dzekutanga, kusimbisa fungidziro, uye kugadzirisa zvinodiwa nekukurumidza. Nekudzikisira kunotora nguva zvakare uye kuendesa kukosha kwekutanga, Agile maitiro anobatsira mabhizinesi kumhanyisa nguva yavo yekutengesa uye kuwana muganho wemakwikwi.

Ndeapi matanho mashanu eAgile methodology?

Ndeapi matanho mashanu ekukura kweagile? Yakafuridzirwa nesoftware yekuvandudza hupenyu (SDLC), Agile nzira inotevera nhanho 5 dzinosanganisira Ideation, kusimudzira, kuyedzwa, kuendesa, uye mashandiro. Ngatitarisei zvakanyanya ins uye kunze kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe.

agile process ine 5 nhanho
Iwo 5 matanho eAgile chirongwa chehupenyu kutenderera | Mufananidzo: Mendix

Danho 1: Ideation

Anenge ese Agile software yekuvandudza mapurojekiti anotanga nechikamu chepfungwa. Iyi nzira inosanganisira kufunga uye kuunganidza zvinodiwa kutsanangura chiyero uye zvinangwa zveprojekiti. 

Munguva iyi, muridzi wechigadzirwa, vanobatana, uye timu yekusimudzira vanobatana kuti vaone zvinangwa zveprojekiti, zvinodiwa nemushandisi, uye kuisa pamberi. Nyaya dzemushandisi kana zvigadzirwa zvemashure zvakagadzirirwa kutora zvinodiwa uye kugadzira hwaro hwebudiriro.

Danho rechipiri: Budiriro

Inotevera inouya nhanho yekusimudzira iyo inotarisana nekushandura izvo zvinodiwa kuita zvinoshanda software increments. Agile maitiro anosimbisa kudzokorora uye kuwedzera kukura, kuputsa basa kuita mabasa anogoneka kana nyaya dzemushandisi. 

Zvikwata zvebudiriro zvinoshanda zvakabatana mupfupi iterations, inowanzonzi sprints, inova nguva-yebhokisi nguva yakatsaurirwa kupedzisa chaiwo mabasa. Munguva yega yega sprint, timu inosarudza nyaya dzevashandisi kubva pachigadzirwa backlog uye inovandudza kushanda kwesoftware increments, kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvakanyanya kukosha zvinounzwa kutanga.

Danho rechitatu: Kuedza

Muchikamu chechitatu cheAgile budiriro process, Kuedzwa kunoitwa nguva dzose mukati mekuvandudza maitiro kuti ive nechokwadi chemhando yesoftware uye kusimbisa kuti chigadzirwa chinosangana nezvinodiwa. 

Agile nzira dzinosimudzira bvunzo-inotungamirwa budiriro (TDD), uko bvunzo dzinonyorwa kodhi isati yaitwa. Izvi zvinobatsira kuve nechokwadi chekuti software inoshanda sezvakarongwa uye inoderedza mukana wekuunza bugs kana hurema. 

Muedzo unosanganisira kuyedza yuniti, kuyedza kusanganisa, uye kuyedzwa kwekugamuchirwa kuratidza kushanda uye kushandiswa kwesoftware.

Danho rechina: Deployment

Iyo yekuendesa nhanho yeAgile process modhi inosanganisira kuburitsa yakagadziridzwa software kune yekupedzisira-vashandisi kana vatengi. Nzira dzeAgile dzinotsigira kutumirwa nguva dzose uye nguva dzose kuti uunganidze mhinduro nekukurumidza uye nekubatanidza shanduko zvichienderana nekuisa mushandisi. 

Kuenderera mberi kwekubatanidza uye kuenderera mberi kwekutumira (CI / CD) maitiro anowanzo shandiswa kuti aite otomatiki maitiro ekutumira, kuve nechokwadi chekuti software inoiswa nenzira inowirirana uye inoshanda. 

Iyi nhanho inosanganisirawo zviitiko senge manejimendi manejimendi, zvinyorwa, uye kudzidziswa kwemushandisi kufambisa shanduko yakatsetseka kuenda kunharaunda yekugara.

Danho 5: Operations

Muchikamu chekupedzisira, mashandiro acho, inotsanangura kutsigirwa kunoramba kuripo uye kugadzirisa kwesoftware yakatumirwa. Agile nzira dzinoziva kuti kuvandudza kwesoftware inzira inoenderera, uye zvikwata zvinofanirwa kuterera kune vatengi mhinduro uye kuenderana nekuchinja zvinodiwa. 

Zvikwata zveAgile zvinopinda mukuenderera mberi kwekutarisa, kugadzirisa kwebug, kukwidziridzwa kwezvinhu, uye rutsigiro rwevashandisi kuona kuti software inoramba ichishanda, yakachengeteka, uye ichienderana nezvinoda kubuda zvevashandisi vekupedzisira. Kudzokororwa nguva dzose kunoitwa kufungisisa nezvemaitiro ekusimudzira uye kuona mikana yekuvandudza.

Agile Methodology VS Waterfall Methodology

Kusiyana nemaitiro echinyakare mapopoma emvura, ayo anovimba nekuronga kwakasimba uye mutsara maitiro, Agile inombundira shanduko uye inokurudzira zvikwata kuti zvishande mupfupi kutenderera kunonzi sprints. 

Nepo nzira dzeAgile dzakagadzirirwa kugashira shanduko, mapopoma emvura haachinjike kana zvasvika pakugadzirisa shanduko. 

  • Shanduko mupurojekiti yeWaterfall inoda kushandazve kwakawanda uye inogona kukanganisa nguva yakarongwa uye bhajeti. 
  • Shanduko dzeAgile purojekiti dzinogona kuiswa nyore nyore mukati menguva pfupi iterations, ichibvumira kukurumidza kugadzirisa kune zvinodiwa nevatengi uye musika dynamics.

Mukuwedzera, nzira dzeAgile dzinokurudzira kutanga uye kuenderera mberi kwekuziva njodzi uye kuderedza. Nekusiyana, nzira dzeWaterfall dzinowanzo kuve nenjodzi huru yekutadza kweprojekiti nekuda kwekuoma uye kutevedzana kwavo.

Mibvunzo Inonyanya Kubvunzwa

Chii chinonzi Agile methodology uye inoshanda sei?

Agile methodology inzira yekutarisira purojekiti inokoshesa kuchinjika uye kupindura pakuchinja kuitira kuunza mhedzisiro yemhando yepamusoro. Kusiyana nemaitiro echinyakare ekutarisira mapurojekiti, Agile inopwanya mapurojekiti kuita madiki, anogoneka mabasa uye anotarisa pakuunza kukosha kwakawedzera.

Chii chinonzi Agile vs Scrum?

Agile inzira yekusimudzira muAgile Manifesto, yakagadzirirwa kukurudzira kuwedzera uye kusimudzira kusimudzira, kuenderera kwemhinduro, uye kugara uchibatanidzwa kwevatengi. Scrum ndeyekuitwa pasi peAgile umbrella umo purojekiti yese yakakamurwa kuita mafuremu enguva pfupi anonzi sprints, uye scrum master ine basa rekuunza chigadzirwa chekuwedzera.

Ndeupi muenzaniso weAgile?

Fungidzira kambani yekuvandudza software inoda kuvaka nharembozha nyowani. Ichishandisa nzira yeAgile, kambani yaizoputsa chirongwa kuita madiki, anogoneka mabasa anonzi nyaya dzemushandisi.

Zvitsva Zvitsva

Agile manejimendi software inonyanya kushandiswa mazuva ano kubatsira mamaneja epurojekiti kuchengetedza nguva, mari uye kumwe kuedza kunodiwa kuchengetedza mapurojekiti kufambira mberi, kubudirira kwechikwata uye kuita. Kusarudza iyo chaiyo agile tekinoroji yebasa kwakakosha kuti uwane iyo yakanyanya kukosha. 

Izvo zvakakoshawo kuti mabhizinesi aise mari mukudzidziswa kwakakodzera uye maturusi ekubudirira kuita Agile nzira. Kutora yako Agile maitiro kune inotevera nhanho, edza Vampire yezvikamu zvekudzidzisa zvinodyidzana uye kubatana kunoshanda.