Chimiro chesangano chinoshanda, chine pesvedzero yakananga pakubata kwevashandi nemashandiro, ndizvo zvinenge makambani ese, zvisinei nehukuru, anoisa pamberi pekutanga. Kune iwo makambani ane akakwana echigadzirwa portfolio kana akawanda misika yepasirese, zvikamu zvesangano zvimiro zvinoita sezviri kushanda. Ichokwadi here?
Kuti upindure mubvunzo uyu, hapana imwe nzira iri nani kupfuura kuenderera mberi mune iyi pfungwa, kudzidza kubva mumienzaniso yakabudirira, uye kuve nekuongorora kwakadzama kweiyo hurongwa hwesangano rechikamu kune zvinangwa zvenguva refu zvekambani. Tarisa chinyorwa ichi uye tsvaga nzira dzakanakisa dzekugadzirisa kana kugadzirisa sangano rako.
| Ndeapi marudzi ezvikamu zvesangano remasangano? | Zvikamu zvechigadzirwa, Zvikamu zveVatengi, Zvikamu zveMaitiro, uye zvikamu zveGeographical. |
| Ko Microsoft inotora chikamu chesangano chesangano? | Ehe, Microsoft ine chigadzirwa-mhando yechikamu chesangano chimiro. |
| Is Nike chimiro chechikamu? | Hongu, Nike ine geographical divisional organisation chimiro. |
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Chii chinonzi Divisional Organisational Structure?
Mafungiro ehurongwa hwemasangano anobva mukudiwa kwekuita sarudzo kwakaganhurwa uye kugona kwakanyanya mumasangano makuru uye akaoma kunzwisisa.
Kubuda kwehurongwa hwesangano uhwu kune chinangwa chekusimudzira chikamu chega chega kuti chishande chakazvimirira uye kuita sarudzo nekukurumidza, izvo zvinogona kutungamira mukubereka uye pundutso. Chikamu chega chega chinogona kushanda sekambani yakazvimirira, kushanda pane chimwe chinangwa, uye kazhinji ichibatanidza hunyanzvi hwekuita (kugadzira, kushambadzira, accounting, mari, zviwanikwa zvevanhu) inodiwa kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvayo.
Kana iwe uri kushamisika kana kambani yako ichifanira kuvaka dhizaini yesangano chimiro, zvinotenderwa kungosangana nechimwe kana akawanda eanotevera mamiriro:
- Kutengesa dziva rakakura remitsara yakatarisana nevatengi
- Shanda pane ese maB2C mabhizinesi-kune-mutengi uye B2B bhizinesi-kune-bhizinesi masevhisi
- Kuvavarira kunanga kwakasiyana siyana kwehuwandu hwevanhu
- Gadzira mhando yavo munzvimbo dzakawanda dzenzvimbo
- Kushandira vatengi vakuru vanoda kutariswa kwakasarudzika
Izvo zvakakosha kuti udzidze nezve pfungwa yeakawanda-divisheni sangano chimiro zvakare. Ose mazwi anoshandiswa kutsanangura a rudzi rwechimiro chesangano umo iyo kambani yakakamurwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana, chimwe nechimwe chine basa rechimwe chigadzirwa, sevhisi, kana nharaunda. Chokwadi, vanoratidza pfungwa imwe chete. Zvisinei, musiyano chete ishoko rokuti "multi-divisional" rinonyanya kushandiswa muUnited States, nepo izwi rokuti "divisional" rinonyanya kushandiswa muUnited Kingdom.
Related:
Ndeapi Iwo mana Marudzi eDivisional Organisational Structures uye Mienzaniso?
Divisional organisation structures hazvisi zvese zvezvigadzirwa. Iri izwi rakafara rinogona kupfupikiswa kuita ina yekutarisa mhando dzinosanganisira chigadzirwa, mutengi, maitiro, uye kupatsanurwa kwenzvimbo. Rudzi rwega rwega rwechikamu chesangano rinoshanda chimwe chinangwa chesangano uye zvakakosha kuti kambani ishandise iyo chaiyo.
Zvikamu zvechigadzirwa
Kupatsanurwa kwechigadzirwa ndiyo yakajairika kupatsanura dhizaini dhizaini mazuvano, iyo inoreva kuti mitsetse yechigadzirwa inotsanangura chimiro chekambani.
General Motors, semuenzaniso, yakagadzira zvikamu zvina zvezvigadzirwa: Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, uye GMC. Chikamu chega chega chinotsigirwa zvizere neboka rayo rekutsvagisa nekusimudzira, mashandiro aro ekugadzira, uye timu yaro yekushambadzira. Zvinotendwa kuti hurongwa hwesangano hwakapatsanurwa hwakatanga kuvandudzwa mukutanga kwema1900 naAlfred P. Sloan, mutungamiri weGeneral Motors.
Zvikamu zvevatengi
Kune makambani ane yakazara vatengi portfolio, chikamu chevatengi, kana musika-chakatarisana nechikamu chakanyanya kukodzera nekuti chinoita kuti vakwanise kushandira zvirinani mapoka avo akasiyana evatengi.
Muenzaniso unozivikanwa weJohnson & Johnson's 200. Kambani ndiyo piyona mukuunganidza zvikamu zvebhizimisi zvichienderana nevatengi. Muchimiro ichi, kambani inoisa bhizinesi muzvikamu zvitatu zvakakosha: bhizinesi revatengi (zvekuzvitarisira uye zvehutsanana zvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa kune veruzhinji), mishonga (mishonga yemishonga inotengeswa kuma pharmacy), uye bhizinesi rehunyanzvi (zvishandiso zvekurapa uye zvigadzirwa zvekuongorora zvinoshandiswa nevarapi. , vanachiremba vemaziso, zvipatara, marabhoritari, uye makiriniki).
Process divisions
Kupatsanura kwemaitiro kwakagadzirirwa kukwidziridza mafambiro ebasa uye ruzivo, pane kuwedzera kugona kwemadhipatimendi ega.
Iyi dhizaini inoshanda kukwirisa kuguma-kusvika-kumagumo kuyerera kweakasiyana maitiro, semuenzaniso, kupedzwa kwetsvakiridzo & kusimudzira pachigadzirwa chinhu chinodiwa usati waenda kune maitiro. kutenga vatengi. Saizvozvo, maitiro ekuzadzisa odha haakwanise kutanga kusvika vatengi vatariswa uye paine zvigadzirwa zvekuzadza.
Geographical divisions
Kana makambani anoshanda munzvimbo dzakati wandei, geographic divisional organisation chimiro ndiyo nzira yakanakisa yekubatsira kambani nekukurumidza kupindura kune vatengi padanho renzvimbo.
Tora Nestle semuenzaniso. Iri hofori corporation yakarodza kutarisisa kwaro zvichibva pane geographical divisional structure ine mabasa akakamurwa kuita matunhu akakosha mashanu, anozivikanwa seNew Geographic Zones, kubva muna 2022. Matunhu aya anosanganisira Zone North America (NA), Zone Latin America (LATAM), Zone Europe (EUR ), Zone Asia, Oceania neAfrica (AOA), uye Zone Greater China (GC). Zvose izvi zvikamu zvinowana kutengesa kwegore negore kunovimbisa.
Divisional Organizational Structure – Zvakanakira nezvazvakaipira
Kukosha kwechimiro chesangano hakurambiki, zvisinei, cherechedza kuti kunounzawo matambudziko mazhinji. Heino mhedziso yezvakanakira nekuipira kwechimiro ichi chaunofanira kutarisa nemazvo.
| Advantages | payakaipira |
| Kurudzirai kuzvidavirira kwakajeka, kujeka, uye mutoro mukati memapoka. | Masevhisi anofanirwa kudzokororwa mumayuniti ese, izvo zvinotungamira kumutengo wepamusoro wekushandisa |
| Inokupa mukana wekukwikwidza mumisika yemuno, uye nekukurumidza mhinduro kune shanduko yenzvimbo kana zvinodiwa nevatengi. | Kuzvimiririra kunogona kutungamira mukudzokororwa kwezviwanikwa. |
| Wedzera tsika dzekambani nekubvumira maonero akasiyana pamatanho akasiyana. | Zvinogona kuve zvakaoma kutamisa hunyanzvi kana maitiro akanakisa musangano rese. |
| Nzvimbo yemakwikwi inogona kuve ine hutano hwekuvandudza nekuvandudza muchikamu chimwe nechimwe. | Kusabatana kunoshanda kunogona kuitika pamwe nekukwira kwemakwikwi. |
| Inofambisa kukura kwekambani nekupwanya masilos edhipatimendi kuitira scalability. | Kurasikirwa kunogona kuitika kwekubatana kunogona kugadziriswa nekukurudzira pfungwa yakasimba yekubatana. |
Hutungamiri uye manejimendi mune zvikamu zvesangano zvimiro
Chii vashandirwi uye vatungamiriri zvinogona kuita kubatsira kupatsanura kukunda matambudziko ezvimiro zvesangano. Heano mamwe eakanakisa kurudziro kubva kune nyanzvi:
- Kukudziridza Kubatana uye Kushandirapamwe: Zvakakosha kuti makambani achengetedze pfungwa yakasimba yekubatana uye kushanda pamwe chete pakati pemapoka. Kuzadzisa izvi, vashandirwi vanogona kukurudzira nhaurirano yakavhurika pakati pezvikamu uye kugadzira chiono chakagovaniswa chekambani, kubatanidza kupatsanura kwese nezvinangwa zvakafanana.
- Kukurudzira kusika uye hunyanzvi: Kuvandudzwa kwechigadzirwa, kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, uye kuvandudzwa kwesevhisi yevatengi zvinhu zvishoma izvo chikamu chechikamu chiri kuita basa guru pazviri. Kubatsira vashandi kugadzira kufunga kwekugadzira, vatungamiriri vanofanirwa kusimbisa kusimbisa uye kukurudzira.
- Kufambisa zvikwata zvakatariswa zvine hunyanzvi hwedomasi: Hutungamiri hunobudirira musangano rinopatsanura hune basa rekuona nekusimudzira matarenda ehunyanzvi mukati mechikamu chega chega. Vatungamiriri vanofanirwa kufambisa kuenderera mberi kwekudzidziswa uye kuvandudza hunyanzvi kuona kuti zvikwata zvinoramba zviri pamberi peruzivo rweindasitiri.
- Kukurudzira 360-degree mhinduro: Vatungamiri vanofanira kukurudzira tsika ye 360-degree mhinduro, uko vashandi pamatanho ese vane mukana wekupa ruzivo kune vavanoshanda navo nevatungamiriri. Iyi yemhinduro loop inobatsira mukuona nzvimbo dzekuvandudza, kukurudzira kukura kwemunhu, uye kuwedzera simba rechikwata chese.
Nzira yekugadzira chimiro chesangano zvinobudirira? Kana zvasvika pakugadzira chimiro chesangano, pane madhiraivha mana ekufunga:
- Zvigadzirwa-musika nzira: Kuti bhizinesi rinoronga sei kutungamira yega yega chigadzirwa-musika munda umo richakwikwidza.
- Corporate strategy: Ndechipi chinangwa chekambani kuwana mukana wemakwikwi pamusoro pevakwikwidzi vayo padanho remusika wezvigadzirwa?
- Zvishandiso zvevanhu: Unyanzvi uye maitiro evashandi uye manejimendi mazinga mukati mesangano.
- Zvipingamupinyi: PESTLE zvinhu, zvinosanganisira tsika, zvakatipoteredza, zvemutemo, uye zvemukati zvinhu zvinogona kumanikidza kusarudzwa kwemaitiro.
Zvitsva Zvitsva
💡Kana iwe uchitsvaga hutungamiriri hwakavandudzwa uye manejimendi uko vashandi vanogona kuvandudza mashandiro avo nekudyidzana nekambani, sununguka kubata Vampire. Icho chinoshamisa chekuratidzira chishandiso chinobvumira kudyidzana uye kubatana pakati pevatori vechikamu mune chaiwo uye mu-munhu marongero.
Mibvunzo Inonyanya Kubvunzwa
Chii chinonzi division structure yesangano, semuenzaniso?
Muzvikamu zvesangano, zvikwata zvekambani zvinokwanisa kutonga zviwanikwa zvawo, zvichinyanya kushanda semakambani akazvimirira ega mukati mechikamu chikuru, aine chirevo chepurofiti-uye-kurasikirwa (P&L). Zvinoreva zvakare kuti zvimwe zvikamu zvebhizinesi hazvikanganiswe kana kupatsanurwa kukatadza.
Tesla, semuenzaniso, ine zvikamu zvakasiyana zvemotokari dzemagetsi, simba (solar uye mabhatiri), uye kutyaira kwega. Iyi modhi inoibvumira kugadzirisa maindasitiri akasiyana uye kukurudzira chikamu chimwe nechimwe kuti chiise pekutanga pane hunyanzvi uye kufambira mberi.
Ndezvipi zvimiro zvishanu zvesangano?
Iwo mana marudzi ezvimiro zvesangano anoshanda, akawanda-divisional, flat, uye matrix zvimiro.
- Chimiro chinoshanda chinosanganisa vashandi zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi, nemamwe mazwi, rudzi rwebasa ravanoita, sekushambadzira, mari, mashandiro, uye zviwanikwa zvevanhu.
- Multi-divisional (kana Divisional) chimiro imhando ye semi-autonomous division ine yayo inoshanda chimiro. Chikamu chega chega chine basa rechimwe chigadzirwa, musika, kana dunhu.
- Mune chimiro chakafuratirwa, pane mashoma kana kuti hapana akaturikidzana epakati manejimendi pakati pevashandi nevakuru vatariri.
- Chimiro che matrix chinosanganisa zvinhu zvezvose zvinoshanda uye kupatsanura zvimiro, uko vashandi vanoshuma kune akawanda mamaneja:
Sei kuumbwa kwesangano rezvikamu?
Zvinonzi a divisional organisation structure anogona kugadzirisa matambudziko e centralized hierarchical organisation. Chikonzero ndechekuti inogonesa kutumirwa kwesimba pakati pesangano revabereki (semuenzaniso, dzimbahwe) nemapazi aro.
Ko Coca-Cola isangano remubatanidzwa here?
Hongu, zvakafanana nemakambani mazhinji epasi rese, Coca-Cola inoshandisa dhizaini chimiro chebasa nenzvimbo. Zvikamu izvi, izvo zvinozivikanwa nekambani sezvikamu zvinotarirwa, iEurope, Middle East & Africa (EMEA). Latin America. North America, uye Asia Pacific.
Ref: Zvechokwadi | Pressbooks
