Fungidzira nzira yekugadzira zvinhu pasina chinoparara, nhanho imwe neimwe inoita kuti chigadzirwa ive nani, uye unoshandisa zviwanikwa zvako zvese nehungwaru. Ndiwo musimboti wekugadzirwa kwakaonda. Kana iwe wakambozvibvunza kuti mamwe makambani anokwanisa sei kugadzira akawanda ane zvishoma, iwe wave kuda kuwana zvakavanzika. Mune ino blog post, isu tichaongorora iwo 5 musimboti misimboti yekugadzira yakaonda, kukutora iwe parwendo kuburikidza nenzira yakabatsira mabhizinesi mazhinji pasi rese.
Table Of Contents
- Chii chinonzi Lean Manufacturing?
- Benefits Of Lean Manufacturing
- Iwo 5 Misimboti yeLean Manufacturing
- Final Thoughts
- FAQs Pamusoro peMisimboti yeLean Manufacturing
Chii chinonzi Lean Manufacturing?
Kugadzira kwakaonda inzira yakarongeka yekugadzira, iyo ine chinangwa chekudzikisa tsvina, kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka, uye kupa kukosha kune vatengi. Iyi nzira yakabva kune Toyota Production System (TPS) uye ikozvino yakagamuchirwa pasi rese nemaindasitiri akasiyana siyana nemabhizinesi.
Chinangwa chikuru chekugadzirwa kwakaonda ndechekurerutsa maitiro ekugadzira nekuona nekubvisa chero zviitwa zvisina basa, zvinhu, kana zviwanikwa izvo zvisingaite zvakananga kuchigadzirwa chekupedzisira kana sevhisi. Izvi zvinobatsira kugadzirisa maitiro uye kuita kuti zvive zvakanyanya.
Benefits Of Lean Manufacturing
Kugadzira kwakaonda kunopa akati wandei mabhenefiti kumakambani ane chinangwa chekuvandudza mashandiro avo. Heano mabhenefiti mashanu akakosha:
- Mari yekuchengetedza: Kugadzira kwakaonda kunoratidza uye kubvisa tsvina mumaitiro, nekudaro kuderedza mari yekushandisa. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kuderera kwemitengo yezvinhu, kuderedzwa kwesimba rekushandisa, uye kushomeka kushandazve, pakupedzisira kuwedzera purofiti yekambani.
- Wedzera kushanda zvakanaka: Nekugadzirisa maitiro, kubvisa mabhodhoro, uye kugadzirisa mafambiro ebasa, kugadzirwa kwakaonda kunowedzera kushanda zvakanaka. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mabhizinesi anogona kugadzira zvakawanda nehuwandu hwezviwanikwa kana zvishoma, kuwana zvakanyanya kubva mukudyara kwavo.
- Hunhu hwakavandudzwa: Kugadzira kwakaonda kunotarisa pakuziva nekugadzirisa izvo zvinokonzeresa kukanganisa, zvichitungamira kumhando yepamusoro yechigadzirwa. Izvi zvinoreva zvikanganiso zvishoma, zvishoma rework, uye nani mutengi kugutsikana.
- Kurumidza kutumira: Maitiro akaonda anotungamira kupfupi nguva yekutungamira uye nekukurumidza kupindura kune zvinodiwa nevatengi. Iko kugona kugadzira uye kuendesa zvigadzirwa nenguva kunogona kubatsira makambani kuwana mukana wemakwikwi uye kusangana nezvinodiwa nevatengi.
- Wedzera kushanda kwevashandi: Nheyo dzakaonda dzinokurudzira kubatanidzwa kwevashandi, kugadzirisa matambudziko, uye kupa simba. Vashandi vakabatikana vanokurudzirwa zvakanyanya, zvinotungamira kune imwe nzvimbo yakanaka yebasa uye inoenderera mberi nekuvandudza.
Iwo 5 Misimboti yeLean Manufacturing
Ndeapi mamisimboti mashanu ekugadzira Lean? Misimboti mishanu yakakosha yekugadzira yakaonda ndeiyi:
1/ Kukosha: Kupa Izvo Zvinokosha kune Mutengi
Nheyo yekutanga yeLean Manufacturing kunzwisisa uye kuendesa "Kukosha". Iyi pfungwa inotenderera nekuona zvakajeka izvo vatengi vanokoshesa chaizvo muchigadzirwa kana sevhisi. Maonero aLean ekukosha ndeyemutengi-centric kuona chaiwo maficha, hunhu, kana hunhu hunodiwa nevatengi kubhadhara. Chinhu chipi nechipi chisingabatsire pazvinhu izvi zvinokosha chinotorwa semarara.
Kuziva “kukosha” kunosanganisira kunyatso wiriranisa zviitiko zvebhizinesi nezvakatarisirwa nevatengi uye zvinodiwa. Nekunzwisisa izvo vatengi vanonyatsoda, sangano rinogona kunanga zviwanikwa uye kuedza kuunza izvo chaizvo zvinowedzera kukosha, uku ichideredza kana kubvisa zvinhu zvisingawedzeri kukosha. Iyi nzira inoita kuti zviwanikwa zvigovane zvakanaka, chinova chinhu chakakosha cheMisimboti Yekugadzira Lean.
2/ Kukosha Kuyerera Mepu: Kuona Kuyerera Kwebasa
Chechipiri Lean musimboti, "Value Stream Mapping," inoita basa rakakosha mukubatsira masangano kuona nekubvisa tsvina mumatanho avo.
Kukosha kwemepu yerukova kunosanganisira kugadzira inomiririra yakazara inomiririra yemaitiro ese, kubva pakwakabva zvigadzirwa kusvika kune yekupedzisira chigadzirwa kana sevhisi yakapihwa. Kuona uku kunobatsira mukunzwisisa kutevedzana kwezviitwa zvinobatanidzwa mukuita.
Value stream mepu chishandiso chakakosha chekusiyanisa pakati pezviitwa zvinopa kukosha kuchigadzirwa kana sevhisi neayo asingadaro. Zviitiko zvisina kuwedzera kukosha, zvinowanzonzi "muda", zvinogona kusanganisira nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzemarara, dzakadai sekuwedzera, kuwanda kwezvinhu, nguva yekumirira, uye kushandiswa kusingakoshi.
Nekuona uye nekubvisa aya masosi emarara, masangano anogona kukwenenzvera maitiro avo, kuderedza nguva dzekutungamira, uye kugadzirisa mashandiro akazara.
Heino muenzaniso weValue Stream Mepu, iyo inogona kukubatsira iwe kuinzwisisa zviri nani:
3/ Kuyerera: Kuve nechokwadi chekufambira mberi kusina musono
"Kuyerera" kunoitirwa kugadzira kufamba kwakatsetseka uye kuenderera mberi kwebasa mukati mesangano. Pfungwa yeKuyerera inosimbisa kuti basa rinofanira kufamba kubva kune rimwe danho kuenda kune rinotevera pasina kukanganisa kana kukanganisa, pakupedzisira rinokurudzira kushanda zvakanaka.
Kubva pakuona kwesangano, Lean anokurudzira kumisa nharaunda yebasa apo mabasa nezviitwa zvinoenderera pasina mhinganidzo kana kunonoka.
Funga nezvemutsetse wekugadzira wekugadzira semuenzaniso wekuwana "kuyerera." Imwe neimwe chiteshi inoita basa chairo uye zvigadzirwa zvinofamba zvisina mutsetse kubva pane chimwe chiteshi kuenda kune chimwe pasina kukanganisa. Izvi zvinoratidza pfungwa ye Flow in Lean.
4/ Dhonza Sisitimu: Kupindura kune Chido
Iyo Pull System ndeyekugadzira kana kuendesa masevhisi mukupindura kune vatengi mairairo. Masangano anotora Pull System haagadzirise zvinhu zvichienderana nefungidziro yezvinodiwa mune ramangwana. Pane kudaro, vanopindura kumirairo chaiyo yakagamuchirwa. Iyi tsika inoderedza kuwandisa, imwe ye zvimiro zvinomwe zvikuru zvemarara muLean kugadzira.
- Muenzaniso wekudhonza system is supermarket. Vatengi vanodhonza zvigadzirwa zvavanoda kubva mumasherufu, uye supamaketi inochengetazve masherufu sezvinodiwa. Iyi sisitimu inovimbisa kuti pane nguva dzose yakakwana yekuverenga kuti isangane nezvinodiwa nevatengi, asi hapana zvakare kuwandisa.
- Mumwe muenzaniso wekudhonza system ndeye mutengesi wemotokari. Vatengi vanodhonza mota dzavanofarira kubva mujenya uye voenda nadzo kuyedza kutyaira. Mutengesi anongoraira mota nyowani kubva kumugadziri sezvinodiwa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nevatengi.
5/ Kuenderera Kuvandudza (Kaizen)
Yechishanu uye yekupedzisira Lean musimboti ndeye "Kuenderera Kuvandudza," inozivikanwa se "Kaizen" kana Kaizen inoenderera mberi yekuvandudza maitiro. Ndezvekukurudzira tsika yekuvandudza inoenderera mberi.
Zvinosanganisira kuvandudza kudiki, kunoenderana nekufamba kwenguva pane kuita shanduko huru kana huru. Aya magadzirirwo madiki anowedzera, zvichitungamira kufambiro mberi kwakakosha mukuita, kunaka, uye kugona kwese.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zveKaizen hunhu hwayo hwakakwana. Inokurudzira kutora chikamu kubva kumatanho ese esangano, ichibvumira vashandi kuti vape pfungwa dzavo, zvavanoona, uye ruzivo. Iyi nzira haingokwidzi kugona kugadzirisa matambudziko chete asiwo inowedzera hunhu hwevashandi uye kuita basa.
Kaizen anovimbisa kuti sangano rinoramba richikurudzirwa kuti rive riri nani, rinonyatsoshanda, uye rinonyanya kushanda. Iko kuzvipira kuenderera mberi nekuvandudza uye chinhu chakakosha cheLean tsika.
Final Thoughts
Iyo Misimboti mishanu Yekugadzira Yakaonda: Kukosha, Kukoshera Kuyerera Mepu, Kuyerera, Dhonza Sisitimu, uye Kuenderera Kuvandudza (Kaizen) - inopa masangano hurongwa hwakasimba hwekuwana kugona kwekushanda.
Masangano anogashira L5 Misimboti Yekugadzira Yakaonda haingonatsiridze kugona kwavo chete asiwo inoderedza marara uye inosimudzira kunaka kwezvigadzirwa nemasevhisi avo.
FAQs Pamusoro peMisimboti yeLean Manufacturing
Ndeapi mamisimboti mashanu ekugadzira akaonda?
Misimboti mishanu yeKugadzira Yakaonda ndeye Kukosha, Kukoshera Kuyerera Mepu, Kuyerera, Dhonza Sisitimu, uye Kuenderera Kuvandudza (Kaizen).
Pane 5 kana 7 misimboti yakaonda here?
Kunyange paine kududzira kwakasiyana, misimboti inozivikanwa zvakanyanya Lean ndiyo 5 yataurwa pamusoro.
Ndeipi mitemo gumi yekugadzirwa kwakaonda?
Iyo gumi Mitemo yeLean Production kazhinji haisi chiyero chakaiswa muLean kugadzira. Misimboti yakaonda kazhinji yakavakirwa pamisimboti mashanu yambotaurwa. Mamwe manyuko anogona kunyora “mirau,” asi haibvumiranwa pasi rose.
Ref: ASCM | Manufacturing
