Kunyangwe iwe uri kutonga mapurojekiti, kuita bhizinesi, kana kushanda sewe freelancer, chirongwa ichi chinoita basa rakakosha mukufambisa kukura kwebhizinesi rako modhi. Inopa yakarongeka uye yakarongeka nzira yekuongorora kuita kweprojekiti, kunongedza nzvimbo dzinoda kuvandudzwa, uye kuwana mhedzisiro yakanaka. 

Muizvi blog positi, tichaongorora kuongororwa kweprojekiti, towana tsananguro yayo, mabhenefiti, zvakakosha zvikamu, mhando, mienzaniso yekuongorora purojekiti, kushuma-yekupedzisira-yekuongorora, uye kugadzira chirongwa chekuongorora chirongwa.

Ngationgororei kuti kuongororwa kweprojekiti kunogona sei kutora bhizinesi rako kusvika kune hurefu hutsva.

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Chii chinonzi Project Evaluation?

Kuongorora kweprojekiti ndiko kuongororwa kwekuita kweprojekiti, kushanda kwayo, uye zvabuda. Inosanganisira data kuona kana purojekiti ichiongorora zvinangwa zvayo uye yakasangana nebudiriro nzira. 

Kuongororwa kweprojekiti zvinopfuura kungoyera zvinobuda uye zvinounzwa; inoongorora kukanganisa kwese uye kukosha kunogadzirwa neprojekti.

Nekudzidza kubva pane zvakashanda nezvisina, masangano anogona kuvandudza kuronga kwavo uye kuita shanduko kuti awane mhedzisiro iri nani nguva inotevera. Zvakafanana nekutora nhanho kumashure kuti uone iyo yakakura mufananidzo uye kuona maitiro ekuita kuti zvinhu zviwedzere kubudirira.

Benefits Of Project Evaluation

Kuongororwa kweprojekiti kunopa akati wandei mabhenefiti anobatsira mukubudirira uye kukura kwesangano, kusanganisira:

Mufananidzo: freepik

Zvikamu Zvinokosha Zvekuongorora Chirongwa

1/ Zvakajeka Zvinangwa uye Mamiriro

Kuongororwa kweprojekiti kunotanga nekumisa zvinangwa zvakajeka uye maitiro ekuyera kubudirira. Izvi zvinangwa nemaitiro zvinopa hwaro hwekuongorora uye kuona kuenderana nezvinangwa zveprojekiti.

Heano mimwe mienzaniso yechirongwa chekuongorora chirongwa uye mibvunzo inogona kubatsira mukutsanangura zvakajeka zvinangwa uye maitiro:

Mibvunzo Yekutsanangura Zvinangwa Zvakajeka:

  1. Ndezvipi zvinangwa chaizvo zvatinoda kuzadzisa nechirongwa ichi?
  2. Ndeapi mibairo inoyerwa kana mibairo yatiri kuvavarira?
  3. Tingayeresa sei kubudirira kwechirongwa ichi?
  4. Zvinangwa ndezvechokwadi uye zvinogoneka mukati mezviwanikwa zvakapihwa uye nenguva?
  5. Zvinangwa zvinofambirana here nezvinokosheswa nesangano?

Mienzaniso Yemaitiro Ekuongorora:

  1. Mutengo-kubudirira: Kuongorora kana purojekiti yakapedzwa mukati mebhajeti yakagoverwa uye yakaunzwa kukosha kwemari.
  2. Nemakore: Kuongorora kana purojekiti yakapedzwa mukati mehurongwa hwakarongwa uye yakasangana nezvinokosha.
  3. Quality: Kuongorora kana purojekiti inounzwa uye mhedzisiro inosangana neyakafanotemerwa yemhando zviyero.
  4. Kugutsikana kwevatori vechikamu: Unganidza mhinduro kubva kune vane chekuita kuti vaone kugutsikana kwavo nemhedzisiro yeprojekiti.
  5. Impact: Kuyera kukanganisa kwakakura kweprojekiti kusangano, vatengi, uye nharaunda.

2/ Kuunganidza Data uye Analysis

Kunyatsoongorora purojekiti kunoenderana nekuunganidza data rakakodzera kuti riongorore kuita kweprojekiti. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuunganidza data rehuwandu uye hwemhando kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana dzakadai seongororo, kubvunzurudza, zvakaonekwa, uye kuongorora zvinyorwa. 

Iyo data yakaunganidzwa inozoongororwa kuti iwane nzwisiso mukusimba kwechirongwa, kusasimba, uye kuita kwese. Heano mimwe mienzaniso yemibvunzo paunenge uchigadzirira kuunganidza nekuongorora data:

3/ Performance Measurement

Kuyera kwekuita kunosanganisira kuongorora mafambiro eprojekiti, zvabuda, uye zvabuda pamusoro pezvinangwa zvakamiswa uye maitiro. Inosanganisira kutevedzera makiyi ekuita zviratidzi (KPIs) uye kuongorora kutevedza kweprojekiti kumarongwa, mabhajeti, mhando dzemhando, uye zvinodiwa nevatori vechikamu.

4/ Kudyidzana Nevatambi

Vanodavirwa vanhu kana mapoka ari kukanganiswa zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga neprojekiti kana kufarira zvakanyanya zvazvinobuda. Vanogona kusanganisira vanotsigira chirongwa, nhengo dzechikwata, vashandisi vekupedzisira, vatengi, nhengo dzenharaunda, uye mamwe mapato akakodzera. 

Kubatanidza vanobatana muchirongwa chekuongorora chirongwa kunoreva kuvabatanidza uye kutsvaga maonero avo, mhinduro, uye maonero. Nekubatana nevatori vechikamu, maonero avo akasiyana uye zviitiko zvinotariswa, kuve nechokwadi chekuongorora kwakazara.

5/ Kuzivisa uye Kukurukurirana

Chinhu chekupedzisira chakakosha chekuongorora kweprojekiti ndeyekuzivisa uye kutaurirana kwemhedzisiro yekuongorora. Izvi zvinosanganisira kugadzirira mushumo wekuongorora wakazara unopa zvakawanikwa, mhedziso, uye kurudziro. 

Kukurukurirana kunobudirira kwemhedzisiro yekuongorora kunovimbisa kuti vanobatana vanoziviswa nezvekuita kweprojekiti, zvidzidzo zvakadzidzwa, uye nzvimbo dzinogona kuvandudzwa.

Mufananidzo: freepik

Mhando dzeKuongorora kweProjekiti

Panowanzove nemhando ina huru dzekuongorora chirongwa:

#1 - Performance Evaluation

Mhando iyi yekuongorora inotarisa pakuongorora kushanda kwepurojekiti maererano nekutevedza kwayo zvirongwa zvepurojekiti, marongero, bhajeti, uye mhando dzemhando yepamusoro

Inoongorora kana chirongwa ichi chiri kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvaro, kuendesa izvo zvakatarisirwa, uye kushandisa zviwanikwa nemazvo.

#2 - Ongororo Yezvabuda

Ongororo yemhedzisiro inoongorora huwandu hwakakura uye mhedzisiro yeprojekiti. Inotarisa kunze kwezvinobuda pakarepo uye inotarisa zvigumisiro zvenguva refu uye zvikomborero zvinokonzerwa neprojekti. 

Iyi mhando yekuongorora inotarisisa kana chirongwa ichi chabudirira zvinangwa zvaunoda, akasika shanduko dzakanaka, uye vakabatsira zvinotarisirwa.

#3 - Maitiro Ongororo

Kuongororwa kwemaitiro kunoongorora kushanda uye kugona kwemaitiro ekuita chirongwa. Inoongorora manejimendi eprojekiti nzira, nzira, uye approaches inoshandiswa kuita purojekiti. 

Iyi mhando yekuongorora inotarisana nekuona nzvimbo dzekuvandudza mukuronga kweprojekiti, kuita, kuronga, uye kutaurirana.

#4 - Impact Evaluation

Ongororo yemhedzisiro inoenda zvakanyanya kupfuura kuongororwa kwemhedzisiro uye ine chinangwa chekuona purojekiti causal ukama neshanduko dzakaonekwa kana kukanganisa. 

Inoda kunzwisisa kuti purojekiti inogona kuverengerwa kusvika papi kune zvakawanikwa uye zvinokonzeresa, tichifunga nezvekunze kwekunze uye dzingangove dzimwe tsananguro.

* Note: Idzi mhando dzeongororo dzinogona kubatanidzwa kana kugadzirwa kuti dzienderane nezvinodiwa neprojekiti uye mamiriro. 

Project Evaluation Mienzaniso

Mienzaniso yakasiyana yekuongorora purojekiti ndeyotevera:

#1 - Performance Evaluation 

Chirongwa chekuvaka chine chinangwa chekupedzisa chivakwa mukati menguva yakatarwa uye bhajeti. Ongororo yekushanda kwayo inoongorora mafambiro eprojekiti, kutevedzera chirongwa chekuvaka, kunaka kwekugadzirwa, uye mashandisirwo ezviwanikwa. 

chikamuChiyero/ChiratidzoYakarongwachaiyeiyeKusiyana
Kuvaka PurogiramuMilestones yakaitwa[Zvirongwa zvakarongwa][Mamiriro chaiwo][Kusiyana mumazuva]
Hunhu hwekushandaKuongororwa kwenzvimbo[Ongororo dzakarongwa][Kuongorora chaiko][Kusiyana mukuverenga]
Resource UtilizationKushandiswa kwebhajeti[Budget yakarongwa][Mari chaiyo][Kusiyana kwehuwandu]

#2 - Ongororo Yezvabuda

Sangano risingabatsiri rinoita chirongwa chekusimudzira nharaunda pamusoro pekuvandudza huwandu hwekuverenga nekunyora munharaunda dzakatambura. Kuongororwa kwemhedzisiro kunosanganisira kuongorora mazinga ekuverenga, kuenda kuchikoro, uye kubatanidzwa kwenharaunda. 

chikamuChiyero/ChiratidzoPre-KupindiraPost-KupindiraShanduko/Impact
Matanho EkuverengaKuverenga ongororo[Pre-assessment zvibodzwa][Pashure pekuongorora zvibodzwa][Shandura muzvibodzwa]
Kupinda ChikoroVanopinda zvinyorwa[Kupinda kusati kwapindira][Pashure-kupindira kupinda][Shanduro yekupinda]
Community EngagementOngororo kana mhinduro[Mapinduriro asati apindira][Pashure-kupindira mhinduro][Shanduro yekubatana]

#3 - Maitiro Ekuongorora - Project Evaluation Mienzaniso

Chirongwa cheIT chinosanganisira kuitwa kwesoftware nyowani mumadhipatimendi ekambani. Kuongororwa kwemaitiro kwaizoongorora maitirwo eprojekiti nezviitwa.

chikamuChiyero/ChiratidzoYakarongwachaiyeiyeKusiyana
Kuronga KweProjekitiRonga kutevedzera[Kutevedza kwakarongwa][Kutevedza chaiko][Musiyano muchikamu]
kutauriranaMhinduro kubva kunhengo dzechikwata[Maonero akarongwa][Mhinduro chaiyo][Kusiyana mukuverenga]
kudzidzaKuongororwa kwechikamu chekudzidzisa[Ongororo dzakarongwa][Ongororo chaidzo][Musiyano muchiyero]
Change ManagementShandura mitengo yekugamuchira[Kutorwa kwakarongwa][Kutorwa chaiko][Musiyano muchikamu]

#4 - Impact Evaluation

Chirongwa chehutano hweveruzhinji chinangwa chekudzikisa kuwanda kwechirwere chakati muhuwandu hwakanangwa. Ongororo yemhedzisiro inoongorora kubatsira kweprojekiti mukuderedza huwandu hwezvirwere uye kuvandudzwa kwehutano hwenharaunda.

chikamuChiyero/ChiratidzoPre-KupindiraPost-KupindiraImpact
Kuwanda KwezvirwereZvinyorwa zvehutano[Pre-intervention prevalence][Post-intervention prevalence][Shanduko mukuwanda]
Utano HwenharaundaOngororo kana ongororo[Kupindira kusati kwaitika][Pashure-kupindira zvabuda][Shanduko mune zvabuda]
Mufananidzo: freepik

Nhanho-ne-nhanho Kugadzira Project Evaluation

Heino nhanho-ne-nhanho gwara rekukubatsira iwe kugadzira ongororo yeprojekiti:

1/ Tsanangura Chinangwa uye Zvinangwa

2/ Ziva Maitiro Ekuongorora uye Zviratidzo

3/ Ronga Nzira dzekuunganidza Data

4/ Unganidza Data

5/ Ongorora Data

Kana data yaunganidzwa, iongorore kuti uwane miono ine musoro. Iwe unogona kushandisa zvishandiso uye matekiniki ekududzira iyo data uye kuona mapatani, maitiro, uye zvakakosha zvakawanikwa. Ita shuwa kuti ongororo inoenderana nemaitiro ekuongorora uye zvinangwa.

6/ Dhirowa Mhedziso uye Ita Mazano

7/ Taurirana uye Goverana Mhedzisiro 

Post Evaluation (Chirevo) 

Kana iwe wapedza kuongorora kweprojekiti, inguva yekutevera mushumo kuti upe tarisiro yakazara yemaitiro ekuongorora, mhedzisiro yayo, uye zvinorehwa nemapurojekiti. 

Project Evaluation Mienzaniso
Project Evaluation Mienzaniso

Heano mapoinzi aunofanira kuchengeta mundangariro mushure mekuongorora kushuma:

Project Evaluation Templates

Heino yakazara purojekiti yekuongorora matemplate. Iwe unogona kuigadzirisa zvichibva pane yako chaiyo purojekiti uye yekuongorora zvinodiwa:

Introduction:
- Kuongorora kweProjekiti: [...]
-Kuongorora Chinangwa:[...]

Maonero Ekuongorora:
- Zvakajeka Zvinangwa:
- Key Performance Indicators (KPIs):[...]
- Mibvunzo Yekuongorora:[...]

Kuunganidza uye Kuongorora Data:
- Nzvimbo dzeData:[...]
- Nzira dzekuunganidza data:[...]
- Data Analysis Techniques: [...]

Kuongorora Zvikamu:
a. Performance Evaluation:
- Ongorora kufambira mberi kweprojekiti, kutevedzera kurongwa, kunaka kwebasa, uye kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa.
- Enzanisa kubudirira chaiko uchipesana nezvirongwa zvakarongwa, ita ongororo yesaiti, uye ongorora mishumo yemari.

b. Ongororo yezvabuda:
- Ongorora maitiro epurojekiti pane zvaunoda zvabuda uye mabhenefiti.
-Kuyera shanduko muzviratidzo zvakakodzera, ita ongororo kana ongororo, uye ongorora data kuti uongorore kushanda kweprojekiti.

c. Maitiro Ongororo:
- Ongorora maitirwo eprojekiti uye zviitwa.
- Ongorora kuronga kweprojekiti, kutaurirana, kudzidziswa, uye shanduko yekutonga mazano.

d. Kudyidzana Nevatambi:
- Batanidza vanobatana panguva yese yekuongorora.
- Unganidza mhinduro, sanganisira vanobatanidzwa muongororo kana kubvunzurudza, uye funga maonero avo nezvavanotarisira.

e. Impact Evaluation:
- Sarudza mupiro wepurojekiti kune shanduko dzakakura kana kukanganisa.
- Unganidza data pane pre-kupindira uye post-kupindira zviratidzo, ongorora marekodhi, uye kuyera maitiro eprojekiti.

Kuzivisa uye Kurudziro:
-Kuongorora Zvakawanikwa:[...]
- Zvinokurudzirwa:[...]
- Zvidzidzo Zvakadzidzwa:[...]

mhedziso:
- Dzokorora zvakakosha zvakawanikwa uye mhedziso dzeongororo.
-Simbisa kukosha kwekushandisa miono yekuongorora pakuita sarudzo nekuvandudza mune ramangwana.

Zvitsva Zvitsva 

Kuongororwa kweprojekiti inzira yakakosha inobatsira kuongorora mashandiro, mhedzisiro, uye kushanda kwepurojekiti. Inopa ruzivo rwakakosha nezve izvo zvakashanda nemazvo, nzvimbo dzekuvandudza, uye zvidzidzo zvakadzidzwa. 

Uye usakanganwa AhaSlides kuita basa rakakosha muchirongwa chekuongorora. Tinopa pre-yakagadzirwa matemplate ne zvinhu zvinofambidzana, iyo inogona kushandiswa kuunganidza data, ruzivo uye kubatanidza vanobatana! Ngationgororei!

Mibvunzo Inonyanya Kubvunzwa

Ndeapi marudzi mana ekuongororwa kweprojekiti?

Performance Evaluation, Migumisiro Yekuongorora, Maitiro Ekuongorora uye Impact Evaluation.

Ndeapi matanho ekuongororwa kweprojekiti?

Heano matanho ekukubatsira iwe kugadzira ongororo yeprojekiti:
Tsanangura Chinangwa uye Zvinangwa
Ziva Maitiro Ekuongorora uye Zviratidzo
Ronga Nzira dzekuunganidza Data
Unganidza Data uye Ongorora Data
Dhirowa Mhedziso uye Ita Zvinokurudzira
Tauriranai uye Goverana Mibairo

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvishanu zvekuongorora muhutungamiri hweprojekiti?

Zvakajeka Zvinangwa uye Mabatirwo
Dhata Kuunganidzwa uye Kuongorora
Kuyera Kwekuita
Stakeholder Engagement
Kushuma uye Kukurukurirana

Ref: Project Manager | Eval Community | AHRQ