Chii chinonzi Project Management? | Zvese Zvekuziva muna 2024

Kunyura mumazuva ekupedzisira? Kunzwa kuremerwa? Tenzi Project Managementmuna 2024 uye shandura nzira yaunoshanda nayo.

Kwemazana emakore, San Francisco's Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system, ine 400,000 vatasvi pazuva yave iri imwe yemapurojekiti akabudirira uye Bechtel ndiye anotungamira pasi rose maneja wepurojekiti yemapurojekiti makuru ekuvaka nehuinjiniya. Uyu muenzaniso ufakazi hwakanakisa hwekukosha kwekutonga kweprojekiti kwakakosha. Mhedzisiro yekubudirira kwechero purojekiti iri kumashure kwemamaneja akanaka eprojekiti.

Saka, muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora kuti kutonga kweprojekiti chii, kwakakosha sei, uye nzira dzakanakisa dzekuronga, kuronga, kutonga uye kuongorora chirongwa. 

Zviri Mukati

• Chii chinonzi Project Management uye Mienzaniso?
• Sei Project Management Yakakosha?
  • Sevha Nguva Uye Mari
  • Kuvandudza Kudyidzana Uye Kukurukurirana
  • Deredza Njodzi Nenyaya
• Ndeapi Matanho Matatu Akakosha eProjekti Management?
  • Kuronga KweProjekiti
  • Kuronga kweProjekti
  • Project Kudzora
• Chii chinonzi Project Management Techniques: PERT uye CPM
• Kushandisa Project Management Software kubata maProjekti
• Mibvunzo Inonyanya Kubvunzwa
• Bottom Line

Mazano Ekuita Zvirinani Engageage

• Kubudirira Kwemunhu
• Performance Management

Chii chinonzi Project Management uye Mienzaniso?

Mapurojekiti chikamu chakajairika chehupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva. Tinogona kunge tichironga muchato kana mabiko ebhavhadhe anoshamisa, kushongedza patsva imba, kana kugadzirira semester-refu kirasi chirongwa. Zvirongwa zvakakura zvinogona kutaurwa sekuvaka bhiriji, kutamisa vagari, kugadzira mitsetse mitsva yendege, nezvimwe. Vese vanoda manejimendi eprojekiti. 

Kutungamira kweprojekiti kunotsanangura nzira yakarongeka, nzira, uye maitiro anoshandiswa kuronga, kuronga, kutonga, uye kuongorora mapurojekiti kubva pakutanga kusvika kupera. Inosanganisira huwandu hwakawanda hwezviitwa uye maitiro akanangana nekuzadzisa zvinangwa mukati mezvipingamupinyi zvakatsanangurwa senge nguva, mutengo, chiyero, mhando, uye zviwanikwa.

Sei Project Management Yakakosha?

Zvakaoma kuramba kukosha kwemanejimendi mumapurojekiti ayo anobatsira chirongwa chega chega chebhizinesi kuti chifambe nemazvo uye nemazvo. Ngatimbotarisai mabhenefiti matatu makuru ekutungamira kweprojekiti kunoshanda.

Sevha Nguva Uye Mari

Kurongeka kwakanaka kweprojekiti kunosanganisira kuronga nekugovanisa zviwanikwa. Mamaneja epurojekiti anoongorora zvinodikanwa zveprojekiti, vaone zviwanikwa zvinodiwa, uye vagovapa zvinobudirira. Nekunyatso fungira zviwanikwa zvinodiwa uye kudzivirira kugovaniswa kana kusashandiswa, mamaneja epurojekiti anokwirisa mashandisirwo ezviwanikwa, kuderedza mari isingakoshi uye kuchengetedza nguva.

Kuvandudza Kudyidzana Uye Kukurukurirana

Mamaneja epurojekiti anotsanangura uye anotaurirana akajeka mabasa uye mabasa kune nhengo dzechikwata. Wese munhu anonzwisisa mabasa avo chaiwo, zvinounzwa, uye nzvimbo dzekuzvidavirira. Kujeka uku kunoderedza kuvhiringika uye kupindirana, zvichiita kuti nhengo dzechikwata dzishande pamwe chete zvakanaka uye nemazvo.

Deredza Njodzi Nenyaya

Mapurojekiti anosanganisira njodzi uye kusava nechokwadi, izvo, kana zvikasiiwa zvisina kutarisirwa, zvinogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko makuru kana kukundikana. Kutarisira kwakanaka kweprojekiti kunosimbisa kuzivikanwa kwenjodzi, kuongorora, uye nzira dzekudzikisa. Nekutarisira nekugadzirisa zvingangoitika pakutanga, mamaneja epurojekiti anogona kuderedza maitiro avo uye kuona kuti mapurojekiti anoramba ari munzira, kana kutopedzwa zuva raunoda risati rasvika.

Buda: Chii chinoita Scrum master?

Ndeapi Matanho Matatu Akakosha Ekutungamira kweProjekiti?

Kutungamira kwemapurojekiti kunosanganisira zvikamu zvitatu: kuronga chirongwa, kuronga chirongwa, uye kutonga kweprojekiti. Heano tsanangudzo dzechikamu chimwe nechimwe.

Kuronga KweProjekiti

Kutungamira uye kurongeka kweprojekiti kunotanga nechikamu chekuronga, uko zvinangwa zveprojekiti, zvinangwa, uye chiyero zvinotsanangurwa. Munguva iyi, mamaneja epurojekiti anoshanda pamwe chete nevatori vechikamu kuti vanzwisise zvavanoda uye zvavanotarisira.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kune nzira dzakati wandei dziri kushandiswa mukuronga chirongwa, uye imwe yenzira dzinonyanya kushanda dzekuronga ibasa rekuparara kwemaitiro (WBS). Inotsanangurwa senzira yekukamura purojekiti muzvikamu zvayo zvikuru (kana mabasa), ayo anobva apatsanurwa muzvikamu zvine zvakawanda, uye pakupedzisira kuita seti yezviitwa nemitengo yazvo ine hukama.

Related: Maonero eshiri ehurongwa hwekuronga chirongwa

Kuronga kweProjekti

Kuronga kweprojekiti kunoreva maitiro ekuteedzera uye kugovera nguva kune ese mabasa eprojekiti. Panguva ino, mamaneja vanosarudza kuti chiitiko chega chega chichatora nguva yakareba sei uye voverenga zviwanikwa zvinodiwa padanho rega rega rekugadzira.

Zvinangwa zvekurongwa kweprojekiti zvinogona kupfupikiswa sezvizvi:

• Kuratidza hukama hwechiitwa chimwe nechimwe kune vamwe uye kune chirongwa chose
• Kusarudza kurongeka kunonzwisisika uye kuwirirana pakati pezviitwa
• Kufambisa kugadzwa kwechokwadi nguva uye mutengo wekufungidzira kune chimwe nechimwe chiitiko
• Kuve nechokwadi chekuti vanhu, mari, uye zviwanikwa zvinoshandiswa nemazvo nekuona mabhodhoro akakosha.

Imwe nzira yakakurumbira yekuronga chirongwa ndiyo Gantt chati. Gantt machati inzira dzakachipa-mutengo dzinovavarira kubatsira mamaneja kuve nechokwadi chekuti:

• Mabasa anorongwa
• Kurongeka kwekuita kwakanyorwa
• Zvinoitwa zvenguva yekufungidzira zvinorekodhwa
• Yese nguva yeprojekiti inogadzirwa. 

Related:

• Nguva yeBhokisi Technique - Gwaro rekushandisa muna 2024
• Purogiramu Yepurogiramu Muenzaniso

Project Kudzora

Kudzora kweprojekiti kunotsanangura kubata kwepedyo kwezviwanikwa, mutengo, mhando, uye bhajeti. Kudzora mapurojekiti kunogona kuve kwakaoma. Haasi ese mapurojekiti anotsanangurwa zvakanaka pakutanga, mamwe anogona kunge asina kutsanangurwa. Mapurojekiti anowanzo nyatso kutsanangurwa mushure mekuronga kwakadzama kwekutanga uye nekungwarira tsananguro yezvinodiwa zvekupinza, zviwanikwa, maitiro, uye zvinobuda.

Mukutonga, pane izwi rinonzi Waterfall Methodology iro rinosanganisira nzira inotevedzana apo chirongwa chinotarisa nenzira nhanho-ne-nhanho uye chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinopedzwa chisati chaenda kune chinotevera. Maneja weprojekiti uye timu inotarisa kuronga nekuita chikamu chimwe panguva, ichitevera kutevedzana kwakafanorongwa. Kana zvimhingamipinyi zvichizivikanwa, shanduko idiki zvekukwanisa kudzorwa pasina kudzokorodza zvirongwa.

Kusiyana neiyo Waterfall methodology, Agile Maitiroinosimbisa kuronga kwakafanana kana panguva imwe chete uye kuitwa kwezvikamu zveprojekiti. Iyo inowanzobatanidzwa neAgile nzira dzakadai se Scrum uye Kanban. Panzvimbo pekupedza chikamu chimwe nechimwe chisati chatanga chinotevera, zvikwata zvinoshanda pane akawanda mapurojekiti panguva imwe chete, achitarisa kudiki kudzokororwa kana timeboxed increments. Kune akawanda ekutarisa uye zvishwe zvemhinduro kuti utarise mafambiro, izvo zvinogona kukutsigira kuti uite ongororo yeprojekiti gare gare.

Buda: Kuitwa Kweprojekiti uye Project Evaluation Process

Chii chinonzi Project Management Techniques: PERT uye CPM

Ose ari maviri Chirongwa Chekuongorora uye Ongororo Tekinoroji (PERT) uye Critical Path Method (CPM) inonyatso kuzivikanwa nzira dzekutungamira mapurojekiti anoshandiswa kuronga uye kuronga zviitiko, izvo zvinogovana zvakafanana maererano nemaitiro ese ematanho matanhatu seanotevera:

• Tsanangura mabasa epurojekiti anodiwa kupedzisa purojekiti uye kugadzirira chirongwa chekuputsa basa
• Ziva kuti ndezvipi zviitwa zvinotsamira pane vamwe uye gadzira hukama hune musoro, hwakadai se "kupedza-ku-kutanga" kana "kutanga-ku-kutanga".
• Dhirowa network inobatanidza zviitiko zvese uchishandisa node kumiririra zviitiko nemiseve kuratidza kuyerera uye kutsamira pakati pazvo.
• Enzanisa nguva uye mutengo wechiitiko chimwe nechimwe 
• Sarudza Iyo Yakakosha Path (yakareba kutevedzana kwezviitiko zvinotsamira izvo zvinotarisa hushoma hwenguva yeprojekiti)
• Muchirongwa chese, kufambira mberi kunotariswa zvichienderana nehurongwa, uye kugadzirisa kunoitwa sezvinodiwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekupedzwa nenguva.

Ndezvipi zvakanakira uye zvakaipira zvePERT neCPM?

Pane kutsoropodza pamusoro pePERT neCPM kuti zvakakosha here kuhutungamiri hweprojekiti. Heano mabhenefiti uye miganhu yemaitiro maviri aya:

Advantages

Nokuremara

- Vanopa nzira yakarongeka yekuronga purojekiti, kunyanya kumapurojekiti makuru, akaoma ane zviitiko zvakawanda. - Nekutarisisa zviitiko zvakakosha munzira yakakosha, mamaneja epurojekiti anogona kukoshesa zviwanikwa uye kuedza kuve nechokwadi chekupedzwa kweprojekiti nenguva. - Vanopawo hurongwa hwekutarisa mafambiro eprojekiti uye nekuienzanisa nehurongwa hwakarongwa.

-Kuziva nemazvo uye kuverengera izvi zvinotsamira zvinogona kuve zvakaoma - Nguva yekufungidzira mukutonga kweprojekiti inogona kazhinji kuve yakazvimiririra uye inotungamirwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, izvo zvinotungamira kune njodzi yekufungidzira kwakarerekera uye zvingangodaro zvisiri izvo muchirongwa chenguva. - Izvo zvakakosha zvakaenzana kunyatso tarisisa nzira dziri pedyo-dzakakosha mukati meprojekiti. Kuregeredza aya ari pedyo-akakosha nzira kunogona kuunza njodzi dzinongoitika uye zvinogona kukonzera kunonokeka kana kukanganisa kune yakazara nguva yeprojekiti.

Kushandisa Project Management Software kubata maProjekti

Ndezvipi zvakanakisa software maneja manejimendi ? Kune akati wandei sarudzo dzemakambani kubata mapurojekiti. Zvichienderana nehukuru hwepurojekiti, mamaneja anogona kusarudza kushandisa nzira dzakurukurwa pamusoro apa kubata mapurojekiti madiki kana kubatanidza yakasarudzika purojekiti software yemapurojekiti makuru uye akaomarara.

Zvakakodzera kuunza Microsoft Project, imwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa software, iyo inonyanya kubatsira mukudhirowa mapurojekiti network, kuona chirongwa cheprojekiti, uye kutonga mutengo wepurojekiti uye zvimwe zviwanikwa uye kuita ongororo yeprojekiti. Newewo unogona funga dzimwe nzira dzayoakadai saAsana, Trello, Jira, uye Basecamp project management software. Iwo ese akabhadharwa purojekiti manejimendi software ine muyedzo wemahara weakawanda epamberi maficha anogona kukubatsira iwe kubata mapurojekiti ako nezvikwata zvakanyanya.  

Related: 10 Mazano Ekushandisa Asana Project Management Zvinobudirira Muna 2024 or Microsoft Project Alternatives

Mibvunzo Inonyanya Kubvunzwa

Bottom Line

Sezvatinoona, zvakakosha kuti kambani yega yega iite mari mukusimudzira hunyanzvi hwekutungamira mapurojekiti. Iyo inoshanda purojekiti manejimendi haigone kushaya maneja maneja epurojekiti uye timu yepamusoro yekuita. Kune akawanda makosi akasimbiswa uye kudzidziswa kunogona kubatsira vadzidzi kuwana zvakadzama uye ruzivo ruzivo nezve manejimendi eprojekiti. Kana uine chivimbo uye wakanyatsogadzirira zvakakwana, wadii kutora dambudziko kubva PMI, certification yepasi rose inokosheswa manejimendi, inombundira echinyakare, agile, uye mahybrid concepts. 

Nekudaro, kana iwe uchida kuchengetedza mari, kutora yemahara Coursera projekiti manejimendi kosi zvakare ipfungwa huru. Kune Hr-ers, kushandisa yakasarudzika kudzidziswa kunogona zvakare kutungamira kune zvirinani mhedzisiro. Unogona kugadzira zvidzidzo zvinobata ne AhaSlides mharidzochishandiso, kwaunogona kuwana akawanda emahara customizable matemplate eanopindirana Quizzes nemitambo pamwe chete neakasarudzika mharidzo mhedzisiro.

Basa rakataurwa: Render, Barry, Heizer, Jay, Munson, Chuck. (2017). Operation Management : kuendererauye Supply Chain Management12th. Ed. (12 th. Ed.).

Ref: Kushandira pamwe | M. Library