Kunyangwe iwe uri kutonga mapurojekiti, kuita bhizinesi, kana kushanda sewe freelancer, chirongwa ichi chinoita basa rakakosha mukufambisa kukura kwebhizinesi rako modhi. Inopa yakarongeka uye yakarongeka nzira yekuongorora kuita kweprojekiti, kunongedza nzvimbo dzinoda kuvandudzwa, uye kuwana mhedzisiro yakanaka.
Muizvi blog positi, tichaongorora kuongororwa kweprojekiti, towana tsananguro yayo, mabhenefiti, zvakakosha zvikamu, mhando, mienzaniso yekuongorora purojekiti, kushuma-yekupedzisira-yekuongorora, uye kugadzira chirongwa chekuongorora chirongwa.
Ngationgororei kuti kuongororwa kweprojekiti kunogona sei kutora bhizinesi rako kusvika kune hurefu hutsva.
Zviri Mukati
Mazano Ekuita Zvirinani Engageage
Kutsvaga nzira inodyidzana yekugadzirisa chirongwa chako zvirinani?.
Tora emahara matemplate uye quizzes yekutamba kumisangano yako inotevera. Bhalisa mahara uye tora zvaunoda kubva AhaSlides!
🚀 Bata Yemahara Akaundi
Chii chinonzi Project Evaluation?
Kuongorora kweprojekiti ndiko kuongororwa kwekuita kweprojekiti, kushanda kwayo, uye zvabuda. Inosanganisira data kuona kana purojekiti ichiongorora zvinangwa zvayo uye yakasangana nebudiriro nzira.
Kuongororwa kweprojekiti zvinopfuura kungoyera zvinobuda uye zvinounzwa; inoongorora kukanganisa kwese uye kukosha kunogadzirwa neprojekti.
Nekudzidza kubva pane zvakashanda nezvisina, masangano anogona kuvandudza kuronga kwavo uye kuita shanduko kuti awane mhedzisiro iri nani nguva inotevera. Zvakafanana nekutora nhanho kumashure kuti uone iyo yakakura mufananidzo uye kuona maitiro ekuita kuti zvinhu zviwedzere kubudirira.
Benefits Of Project Evaluation
Kuongororwa kweprojekiti kunopa akati wandei mabhenefiti anobatsira mukubudirira uye kukura kwesangano, kusanganisira:
- Inovandudza kuita sarudzo: Inobatsira masangano kuongorora mashandiro eprojekiti, kuona nzvimbo dzekuvandudza, uye kunzwisisa zvinhu zvinopa kubudirira kana kukundikana. Saka ivo vanogona kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo nezve kugova zviwanikwa, kukoshesa kweprojekiti, uye kuronga kwehungwaru.
- Inowedzera kushanda kweprojekiti: Kuburikidza nekuongorora kweprojekiti, masangano anogona kuona kusimba uye kusasimba mukati mezvirongwa zvavo. Izvi zvinovabvumira kuita matanho ekugadzirisa kuvandudza zvibereko zveprojekiti.
- Inobatsira kuderedza njodzi: Nekugara vachiongorora mafambiro eprojekiti, masangano anogona kuona njodzi dzinogona kuitika uye kutora mhinduro kudzikisa mukana wekunonoka kweprojekiti, kuwanda kwebhajeti, uye zvimwe zvisingatarisirwe.
- Inosimudzira kuenderera mberi kugadzirisa: Nekuongorora kutadza kweprojekiti, masangano anogona kunatsiridza maitiro avo ekutonga mapurojekiti, iyi nzira inodzokorodza yekuvandudza inodhiraivha hunyanzvi, kugona, uye kubudirira kweprojekiti.
- Inovandudza kubatanidzwa kwevatori vechikamu uye kugutsikana: Kuongorora zvakabuda uye kuunganidza mhinduro dzevanobatanidzwa kunoita kuti masangano anzwisise zvavanoda, zvavanotarisira, uye mazinga ekugutsikana.
- Inokurudzira kujeka: Mhedzisiro yekuongorora inogona kutaurirwa kune vanobatana, kuratidza pachena uye kuvaka kuvimba. Mhedzisiro yacho inopa kuongororwa kwekuita kweprojekiti, kuve nechokwadi chekuti mapurojekiti anoenderana nezvinangwa zvehurongwa uye zviwanikwa zvinoshandiswa nemazvo.
Zvikamu Zvinokosha Zvekuongorora Chirongwa
1/ Zvakajeka Zvinangwa uye Mamiriro
Kuongororwa kweprojekiti kunotanga nekumisa zvinangwa zvakajeka uye maitiro ekuyera kubudirira. Izvi zvinangwa nemaitiro zvinopa hwaro hwekuongorora uye kuona kuenderana nezvinangwa zveprojekiti.
Heano mimwe mienzaniso yechirongwa chekuongorora chirongwa uye mibvunzo inogona kubatsira mukutsanangura zvakajeka zvinangwa uye maitiro:
Mibvunzo Yekutsanangura Zvinangwa Zvakajeka:
- Ndezvipi zvinangwa chaizvo zvatinoda kuzadzisa nechirongwa ichi?
- Ndeapi mibairo inoyerwa kana mibairo yatiri kuvavarira?
- Tingayeresa sei kubudirira kwechirongwa ichi?
- Zvinangwa ndezvechokwadi uye zvinogoneka mukati mezviwanikwa zvakapihwa uye nenguva?
- Zvinangwa zvinofambirana here nezvinokosheswa nesangano?
Mienzaniso Yemaitiro Ekuongorora:
- Mutengo-kubudirira: Kuongorora kana purojekiti yakapedzwa mukati mebhajeti yakagoverwa uye yakaunzwa kukosha kwemari.
- Nemakore: Kuongorora kana purojekiti yakapedzwa mukati mehurongwa hwakarongwa uye yakasangana nezvinokosha.
- Quality: Kuongorora kana purojekiti inounzwa uye mhedzisiro inosangana neyakafanotemerwa yemhando zviyero.
- Kugutsikana kwevatori vechikamu: Unganidza mhinduro kubva kune vane chekuita kuti vaone kugutsikana kwavo nemhedzisiro yeprojekiti.
- Impact: Kuyera kukanganisa kwakakura kweprojekiti kusangano, vatengi, uye nharaunda.
2/ Kuunganidza Data uye Analysis
Kunyatsoongorora purojekiti kunoenderana nekuunganidza data rakakodzera kuti riongorore kuita kweprojekiti. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuunganidza data rehuwandu uye hwemhando kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana dzakadai seongororo, kubvunzurudza, zvakaonekwa, uye kuongorora zvinyorwa.
Iyo data yakaunganidzwa inozoongororwa kuti iwane nzwisiso mukusimba kwechirongwa, kusasimba, uye kuita kwese. Heano mimwe mienzaniso yemibvunzo paunenge uchigadzirira kuunganidza nekuongorora data:
- Nderipi data chairo rinoda kuunganidzwa kuti riongorore mafambiro eprojekiti?
- Ndedzipi nzira uye maturusi achashandiswa kuunganidza data rinodiwa (semuenzaniso, ongororo, kubvunzurudza, zvakaonekwa, kuongorora zvinyorwa)?
- Ndivanaani vanonyanya kutora kubva kwavari data inoda kuunganidzwa?
- Nzira yekuunganidza data ichagadziriswa sei uye yakarongeka kuti ive nechokwadi uye kukwana?
3/ Performance Measurement
Kuyera kwekuita kunosanganisira kuongorora mafambiro eprojekiti, zvabuda, uye zvabuda pamusoro pezvinangwa zvakamiswa uye maitiro. Inosanganisira kutevedzera makiyi ekuita zviratidzi (KPIs) uye kuongorora kutevedza kweprojekiti kumarongwa, mabhajeti, mhando dzemhando, uye zvinodiwa nevatori vechikamu.
4/ Kudyidzana Nevatambi
Vanodavirwa vanhu kana mapoka ari kukanganiswa zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga neprojekiti kana kufarira zvakanyanya zvazvinobuda. Vanogona kusanganisira vanotsigira chirongwa, nhengo dzechikwata, vashandisi vekupedzisira, vatengi, nhengo dzenharaunda, uye mamwe mapato akakodzera.
Kubatanidza vanobatana muchirongwa chekuongorora chirongwa kunoreva kuvabatanidza uye kutsvaga maonero avo, mhinduro, uye maonero. Nekubatana nevatori vechikamu, maonero avo akasiyana uye zviitiko zvinotariswa, kuve nechokwadi chekuongorora kwakazara.
5/ Kuzivisa uye Kukurukurirana
Chinhu chekupedzisira chakakosha chekuongorora kweprojekiti ndeyekuzivisa uye kutaurirana kwemhedzisiro yekuongorora. Izvi zvinosanganisira kugadzirira mushumo wekuongorora wakazara unopa zvakawanikwa, mhedziso, uye kurudziro.
Kukurukurirana kunobudirira kwemhedzisiro yekuongorora kunovimbisa kuti vanobatana vanoziviswa nezvekuita kweprojekiti, zvidzidzo zvakadzidzwa, uye nzvimbo dzinogona kuvandudzwa.
Mhando dzeKuongorora kweProjekiti
Panowanzove nemhando ina huru dzekuongorora chirongwa:
#1 - Performance Evaluation
Mhando iyi yekuongorora inotarisa pakuongorora kushanda kwepurojekiti maererano nekutevedza kwayo zvirongwa zvepurojekiti, marongero, bhajeti, uye mhando dzemhando yepamusoro.
Inoongorora kana chirongwa ichi chiri kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvaro, kuendesa izvo zvakatarisirwa, uye kushandisa zviwanikwa nemazvo.
#2 - Ongororo Yezvabuda
Ongororo yemhedzisiro inoongorora huwandu hwakakura uye mhedzisiro yeprojekiti. Inotarisa kunze kwezvinobuda pakarepo uye inotarisa zvigumisiro zvenguva refu uye zvikomborero zvinokonzerwa neprojekti.
Iyi mhando yekuongorora inotarisisa kana chirongwa ichi chabudirira zvinangwa zvaunoda, akasika shanduko dzakanaka, uye vakabatsira zvinotarisirwa.
#3 - Maitiro Ongororo
Kuongororwa kwemaitiro kunoongorora kushanda uye kugona kwemaitiro ekuita chirongwa. Inoongorora manejimendi eprojekiti nzira, nzira, uye approaches inoshandiswa kuita purojekiti.
Iyi mhando yekuongorora inotarisana nekuona nzvimbo dzekuvandudza mukuronga kweprojekiti, kuita, kuronga, uye kutaurirana.
#4 - Impact Evaluation
Ongororo yemhedzisiro inoenda zvakanyanya kupfuura kuongororwa kwemhedzisiro uye ine chinangwa chekuona purojekiti causal ukama neshanduko dzakaonekwa kana kukanganisa.
Inoda kunzwisisa kuti purojekiti inogona kuverengerwa kusvika papi kune zvakawanikwa uye zvinokonzeresa, tichifunga nezvekunze kwekunze uye dzingangove dzimwe tsananguro.
* Note: Idzi mhando dzeongororo dzinogona kubatanidzwa kana kugadzirwa kuti dzienderane nezvinodiwa neprojekiti uye mamiriro.
Project Evaluation Mienzaniso
Mienzaniso yakasiyana yekuongorora purojekiti ndeyotevera:
#1 - Performance Evaluation
Chirongwa chekuvaka chine chinangwa chekupedzisa chivakwa mukati menguva yakatarwa uye bhajeti. Ongororo yekushanda kwayo inoongorora mafambiro eprojekiti, kutevedzera chirongwa chekuvaka, kunaka kwekugadzirwa, uye mashandisirwo ezviwanikwa.
chikamu | Chiyero/Chiratidzo | Yakarongwa | chaiyeiye | Kusiyana |
Kuvaka Purogiramu | Milestones yakaitwa | [Zvirongwa zvakarongwa] | [Mamiriro chaiwo] | [Kusiyana mumazuva] |
Hunhu hwekushanda | Kuongororwa kwenzvimbo | [Ongororo dzakarongwa] | [Kuongorora chaiko] | [Kusiyana mukuverenga] |
Resource Utilization | Kushandiswa kwebhajeti | [Budget yakarongwa] | [Mari chaiyo] | [Kusiyana kwehuwandu] |
#2 - Ongororo Yezvabuda
Sangano risingabatsiri rinoita chirongwa chekusimudzira nharaunda pamusoro pekuvandudza huwandu hwekuverenga nekunyora munharaunda dzakatambura. Kuongororwa kwemhedzisiro kunosanganisira kuongorora mazinga ekuverenga, kuenda kuchikoro, uye kubatanidzwa kwenharaunda.
chikamu | Chiyero/Chiratidzo | Pre-Kupindira | Post-Kupindira | Shanduko/Impact |
Matanho Ekuverenga | Kuverenga ongororo | [Pre-assessment zvibodzwa] | [Pashure pekuongorora zvibodzwa] | [Shandura muzvibodzwa] |
Kupinda Chikoro | Vanopinda zvinyorwa | [Kupinda kusati kwapindira] | [Pashure-kupindira kupinda] | [Shanduro yekupinda] |
Community Engagement | Ongororo kana mhinduro | [Mapinduriro asati apindira] | [Pashure-kupindira mhinduro] | [Shanduro yekubatana] |
#3 - Maitiro Ekuongorora - Project Evaluation Mienzaniso
Chirongwa cheIT chinosanganisira kuitwa kwesoftware nyowani mumadhipatimendi ekambani. Kuongororwa kwemaitiro kwaizoongorora maitirwo eprojekiti nezviitwa.
chikamu | Chiyero/Chiratidzo | Yakarongwa | chaiyeiye | Kusiyana |
Kuronga KweProjekiti | Ronga kutevedzera | [Kutevedza kwakarongwa] | [Kutevedza chaiko] | [Musiyano muchikamu] |
kutaurirana | Mhinduro kubva kunhengo dzechikwata | [Maonero akarongwa] | [Mhinduro chaiyo] | [Kusiyana mukuverenga] |
kudzidza | Kuongororwa kwechikamu chekudzidzisa | [Ongororo dzakarongwa] | [Ongororo chaidzo] | [Musiyano muchiyero] |
Change Management | Shandura mitengo yekugamuchira | [Kutorwa kwakarongwa] | [Kutorwa chaiko] | [Musiyano muchikamu] |
#4 - Impact Evaluation
Chirongwa chehutano hweveruzhinji chinangwa chekudzikisa kuwanda kwechirwere chakati muhuwandu hwakanangwa. Ongororo yemhedzisiro inoongorora kubatsira kweprojekiti mukuderedza huwandu hwezvirwere uye kuvandudzwa kwehutano hwenharaunda.
chikamu | Chiyero/Chiratidzo | Pre-Kupindira | Post-Kupindira | Impact |
Kuwanda Kwezvirwere | Zvinyorwa zvehutano | [Pre-intervention prevalence] | [Post-intervention prevalence] | [Shanduko mukuwanda] |
Utano Hwenharaunda | Ongororo kana ongororo | [Kupindira kusati kwaitika] | [Pashure-kupindira zvabuda] | [Shanduko mune zvabuda] |
Nhanho-ne-nhanho Kugadzira Project Evaluation
Heino nhanho-ne-nhanho gwara rekukubatsira iwe kugadzira ongororo yeprojekiti:
1/ Tsanangura Chinangwa uye Zvinangwa
- Taura zvakajeka chinangwa chekuongorora, sekuita kweprojekiti kana kuyera zvabuda.
- Gadzira zvinangwa zvakananga zvinoenderana nechinangwa chekuongorora, uchitarisa pane zvaunovavarira kuzadzisa.
2/ Ziva Maitiro Ekuongorora uye Zviratidzo
- Ziva maitiro ekuongorora epurojekiti. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kuita, kunaka, mutengo, kutevedza chirongwa, uye kugutsikana kwevanobatanidzwa.
- Tsanangura zviratidzo zvinoyerwa zvechiyero chega chega kufambisa kuunganidzwa nekuongorora data.
3/ Ronga Nzira dzekuunganidza Data
- Ziva nzira uye maturusi ekuunganidza data senge ongororo, kubvunzurudza, kucherechedzwa, kuongororwa kwegwaro, kana aripo data masosi.
- Dhizaina mibvunzo, magwara ekubvunzurudza, rondedzero yekutarisa, kana zvimwe zviridzwa zvekuunganidza data rinodiwa. Ita shuwa kuti dzakajeka, dzakapfupika, uye dzakanangana nekuunganidza ruzivo rwakakodzera.
4/ Unganidza Data
- Shandisa nzira dzakarongwa dzekuunganidza data uye unganidza ruzivo rwakakosha. Ita shuwa kuti kuunganidzwa kwedata kunoitwa nguva dzose uye nemazvo kuti uwane mhinduro dzakavimbika.
- Funga nezve saizi yakakodzera yemuenzaniso uye chinangwa chevabatanidzi chekuunganidza data.
5/ Ongorora Data
Kana data yaunganidzwa, iongorore kuti uwane miono ine musoro. Iwe unogona kushandisa zvishandiso uye matekiniki ekududzira iyo data uye kuona mapatani, maitiro, uye zvakakosha zvakawanikwa. Ita shuwa kuti ongororo inoenderana nemaitiro ekuongorora uye zvinangwa.
6/ Dhirowa Mhedziso uye Ita Mazano
- Zvichienderana nemhedzisiro yekuongorora, pedzisa kuita kweprojekiti.
- Ita kurudziro inogoneka yekuvandudza, kuratidza nzvimbo dzakanangana kana mazano ekusimudzira kubudirira kweprojekiti.
- Gadzirira mushumo wakakwana unopa maitiro ekuongorora, zvakawanikwa, mhedziso, uye kurudziro.
7/ Taurirana uye Goverana Mhedzisiro
- Govera mhedzisiro yekuongorora nevanobatanidzwa vakakodzera uye vanoita sarudzo.
- Shandisa zvakawanikwa uye kurudziro kuzivisa kuronga kweprojekiti mune ramangwana, kuita sarudzo, uye kuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza.
Post Evaluation (Chirevo)
Kana iwe wapedza kuongorora kweprojekiti, inguva yekutevera mushumo kuti upe tarisiro yakazara yemaitiro ekuongorora, mhedzisiro yayo, uye zvinorehwa nemapurojekiti.
Heano mapoinzi aunofanira kuchengeta mundangariro mushure mekuongorora kushuma:
- Ipa pfupiso yekuongorora, kusanganisira chinangwa chayo, zvakakosha zvakawanikwa, uye kurudziro.
- Tsanangura nzira yekuongorora, kusanganisira nzira dzekuunganidza data, maturusi, uye matekiniki anoshandiswa.
- Ipa zvakakosha zvakawanikwa uye mhedzisiro yeongororo.
- Simbisa zvakakosha kubudirira, kubudirira, uye nzvimbo dzekuvandudza.
- Kurukurai zvinorehwa neongororo yakawanikwa uye kurudziro yekuronga mapurojekiti, kuita sarudzo, uye kugovera zviwanikwa.
Project Evaluation Templates
Heino yakazara purojekiti yekuongorora matemplate. Iwe unogona kuigadzirisa zvichibva pane yako chaiyo purojekiti uye yekuongorora zvinodiwa:
Introduction: - Kuongorora kweProjekiti: [...] -Kuongorora Chinangwa:[...] Maonero Ekuongorora: - Zvakajeka Zvinangwa: - Key Performance Indicators (KPIs):[...] - Mibvunzo Yekuongorora:[...] Kuunganidza uye Kuongorora Data: - Nzvimbo dzeData:[...] - Nzira dzekuunganidza data:[...] - Data Analysis Techniques: [...] Kuongorora Zvikamu: a. Performance Evaluation: - Ongorora kufambira mberi kweprojekiti, kutevedzera kurongwa, kunaka kwebasa, uye kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa. - Enzanisa kubudirira chaiko uchipesana nezvirongwa zvakarongwa, ita ongororo yesaiti, uye ongorora mishumo yemari. b. Ongororo yezvabuda: - Ongorora maitiro epurojekiti pane zvaunoda zvabuda uye mabhenefiti. -Kuyera shanduko muzviratidzo zvakakodzera, ita ongororo kana ongororo, uye ongorora data kuti uongorore kushanda kweprojekiti. c. Maitiro Ongororo: - Ongorora maitirwo eprojekiti uye zviitwa. - Ongorora kuronga kweprojekiti, kutaurirana, kudzidziswa, uye shanduko yekutonga mazano. d. Kudyidzana Nevatambi: - Batanidza vanobatana panguva yese yekuongorora. - Unganidza mhinduro, sanganisira vanobatanidzwa muongororo kana kubvunzurudza, uye funga maonero avo nezvavanotarisira. e. Impact Evaluation: - Sarudza mupiro wepurojekiti kune shanduko dzakakura kana kukanganisa. - Unganidza data pane pre-kupindira uye post-kupindira zviratidzo, ongorora marekodhi, uye kuyera maitiro eprojekiti. Kuzivisa uye Kurudziro: -Kuongorora Zvakawanikwa:[...] - Zvinokurudzirwa:[...] - Zvidzidzo Zvakadzidzwa:[...] mhedziso: - Dzokorora zvakakosha zvakawanikwa uye mhedziso dzeongororo. -Simbisa kukosha kwekushandisa miono yekuongorora pakuita sarudzo nekuvandudza mune ramangwana. |
Zvitsva Zvitsva
Kuongororwa kweprojekiti inzira yakakosha inobatsira kuongorora mashandiro, mhedzisiro, uye kushanda kwepurojekiti. Inopa ruzivo rwakakosha nezve izvo zvakashanda nemazvo, nzvimbo dzekuvandudza, uye zvidzidzo zvakadzidzwa.
Uye usakanganwa AhaSlides kuita basa rakakosha muchirongwa chekuongorora. Tinopa pre-yakagadzirwa matemplate ne zvinhu zvinofambidzana, iyo inogona kushandiswa kuunganidza data, ruzivo uye kubatanidza vanobatana! Ngationgororei!
Mibvunzo Inonyanya Kubvunzwa
Ndeapi marudzi mana ekuongororwa kweprojekiti?
Performance Evaluation, Migumisiro Yekuongorora, Maitiro Ekuongorora uye Impact Evaluation.
Ndeapi matanho ekuongororwa kweprojekiti?
Heano matanho ekukubatsira iwe kugadzira ongororo yeprojekiti:
Tsanangura Chinangwa uye Zvinangwa
Ziva Maitiro Ekuongorora uye Zviratidzo
Ronga Nzira dzekuunganidza Data
Unganidza Data uye Ongorora Data
Dhirowa Mhedziso uye Ita Zvinokurudzira
Tauriranai uye Goverana Mibairo
Ndezvipi zvinhu zvishanu zvekuongorora muhutungamiri hweprojekiti?
Zvakajeka Zvinangwa uye Mabatirwo
Dhata Kuunganidzwa uye Kuongorora
Kuyera Kwekuita
Stakeholder Engagement
Kushuma uye Kukurukurirana
Ref: Project Manager | Eval Community | AHRQ