Waterfall Methodology | 2024 Comprehensive Handbook
Nzira yaunosarudza inogona kugadzira kana kuputsa chirongwa chako. Nzira isina kurongeka inogona kukanganisa kunyange zvirongwa zvakanyatsorongwa kubva pakutanga.
Ndicho chikonzero nei zvakakosha kuti unzwisise chimiro chechokwadi chenzira yeWaterfall. Kufanana nemazita ayo, Waterfall inodonha mapurojekiti pasi akafanotemerwa nzira. Asi chimiro chakaomarara chiri mubatsiri waro here kana kuti chibatiso?
Chete nekumonya Waterfall yakaoma yekufungidzira tinogona kusarudza kana kutora mafungu ayo iriyo nzira yehungwaru. Saka ngatinyure mumitsetse yaro inomonereka nemapopoma emvura kuti titsvage chokwadi chayo pasi pevhu. Ongororo yedu ine chinangwa chekusiya pasina dombo risina kuvhurwa, hapana chakavanzika chisinganzwisisike mukugonesa yako nzira yekusarudza.
Joinha isu uye unyure pachedu patinenge tichiburitsa kushanda kwemukati meWaterfall, kukomba nhare dzayo, uye kuongorora mashandisiro ayo ehungwaru.
Zviri Mukati
tsananguro
| Ndiani AkasikaWaterfall Methodology? | Dr. Winston W. Royce |
| NdiriniWaterfall Methodology yakagadzirwa? | 1970 |
| Ndeipi yakanyanya kunaka nzira yekushandisa yemapopoma nzira? | Software engineering uye Chigadzirwa kuvandudza |
Nezve Waterfall Methodology
| Waterfall Methodology Tsanangudzo | Iyo inoteedzana uye yakarongeka nzira yekutungamira kweprojekiti. Inotevera kufambira mberi kwemutsara kubva pane chimwe chikamu kuenda kune chimwe, nechikamu chimwe nechimwe chichivaka pane chakapfuura. |
| 6 Zvikamu zveMapopoma Methodology | Zvinodiwa Kuunganidza, Dhizaini, Kuita, Kuedza, Kuendesa, uye Kugadzirisa. |
| Zvakanakira OfWaterfall Methodology | Inopa chimiro chakajeka, inosimbisa zvinyorwa, inosimbisa zvakatsanangurwa zvinodiwa, uye inopa kutonga kweprojekiti. |
| zvainovhiringidzawoOfWaterfall Methodology | Kuchinjika kushoma, kushaikwa kwevanobatanidzwa, njodzi yakanyanya yekuchinja inodhura, uye kushomeka kuchinjika kune kusavimbika. |
| Nguva yekushandisaWaterfall Methodology | Inowanzo shandiswa mumapurojekiti ane zvinonyatsotsanangurwa uye zvakagadzikana zvinodiwa, apo chirongwa chine zvinangwa zvakajeka uye chiyero. |
| KwamungaiteWaterfall Methodology | Iyi modhi yakajairika mumaindasitiri akadai sekuvaka, engineering, kugadzira, uye software kuvandudza. |
Mazano eKuroorana Zvirinani
Kutsvaga nzira inodyidzana yekugadzirisa chirongwa chako zvirinani?.
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🚀 Bata Yemahara Akaundi
Waterfall Methodology Tsanangudzo
Waterfall methodology (kana waterfall model) mukutungamirira mapurojekiti inzira inotevedzana uye yakatsetseka inoshandiswa kubata mapurojekiti. Inotevera nzira yakarongeka apo chikamu chimwe nechimwe chepurojekiti chinopedzwa chisati chaenda kune chinotevera. Nzira iyi inonzi "waterfall" nokuti kufambira mberi kunoyerera zvishoma nezvishoma kudzika, kufanana nemapopoma.
Iyo Waterfall modhi inogona kushandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira software kuvandudza, engineering, uye kuvaka. Inowanzo shandiswa mumapurojekiti ane nguva yekupedzisira, bhajeti shoma, uye yakatarwa chiyero.
6 Zvikamu zveMapopoma Methodology
Iyo Waterfall Methodology inotevera nzira inoteedzana kune manejimendi epurojekiti, ine zvikamu zvakasiyana. Ngationgororei zvikamu izvi nenzira iri nyore:
1/ Zvinodiwa Kuunganidza:
Muchikamu chino, zvinodiwa zveprojekiti zvinoonekwa uye zvakanyorwa. Vashandi veprojekiti vanotora chikamu kuti vaone kuti zvavanoda uye zvavanotarisira zvinonzwisiswa. Chinangwa chechikamu ndechekumisa hwaro hwakasimba hwepurojekiti nekutsanangura zvinofanirwa kuitwa.
Semuenzaniso, iwe une chirongwa chekuvandudza software kune itsva e-commerce webhusaiti. Muchikamu chino, timu yako yeprojekiti yaizo:
- Bata nevatambi vakasiyana, sevaridzi vebhizinesi, nyanzvi dzekushambadzira, uye vangangove vashandisi-vashandisi, kuunganidza zvavanoita uye zvavanoda.
- Ita hurukuro, misangano, uye maworkshops kuti unzwisise zvinangwa, kushanda, uye zvinotarisirwa zvewebhusaiti.
2/ Dhizaini:
Kana izvo zvinodiwa zvaunganidzwa, chikamu chekugadzira chinotanga. Pano, timu yeprojekiti inogadzira hurongwa hwakadzama hwepurojekiti kana purani. Inosanganisira kutsanangura chimiro, zvikamu, uye ruzivo rwevashandisi.
Chikamu Chekugadzira chine chinangwa chekuona kuti munhu wese anobatanidzwa, kusanganisira vanogadzira, vanogadzira, uye vese vane chekuita, vane muono wakajeka wechimiro cheprojekiti uye chitarisiko.
3/ Kuita:
Muchikamu chekuita, basa rekusimudzira chairo rinoitika. Chikwata chepurojekiti chinotanga kuvaka chinounzwa neprojekiti zvinoenderana nemaitiro ekugadzira.
Funga nezvazvo sokuvaka imba. Chikamu cheImplementation ndipo apo vavaki vanotanga kushanda panheyo, madziro, denga, pombi dzemvura, uye masisitimu emagetsi. Vanotevera zvirongwa zvekuvaka uye vanovashandura kuita zvimiro zvinobatika.
Saizvozvo, muchikamu chino, vagadziri vanotevera zvirongwa zvekugadzira zvakagadzirwa mune yapfuura uye nyora kodhi inodiwa kuti purojekiti ishande. Ivo vanounza pamwechete zvidimbu zvakasiyana zvepurojekiti, senge maficha, mashandiro, uye maficha, uye vanozvibatanidza nenzira iyo inoshanda pamwe chete mushe.
4/ Kuedza:
Mushure mechikamu chekuita, kuyedzwa kwakasimba kunoitwa kuti ive nechokwadi chemhando uye kushanda kwepurojekiti. Mhando dzakasiyana dzekuyedza, senge unit test, yekubatanidza kuyedzwa, uye system yekuyedza, inoitwa kuona chero hurema kana nyaya.
Chikamu chekuyedza chine chinangwa chekusimbisa kuti purojekiti inosangana nezvinodiwa uye inoita sezvaitarisirwa.
5/ Deployment:
Deployment ndiyo nhanho iyo purojekiti yakagadzirira kuburitswa uye kushandiswa. Zvinoitika mushure mekunge chikamu chekuedza chapera.
Muchikamu cheDeployment, izvo zvinounzwa zvepurojekiti, senge software kana webhusaiti, zvinoburitswa uye kuitwa munyika chaiyo. Ivo vanogona kunge vakaiswa munzvimbo yekugadzira, uko zvese zvakagadzirirwa kushandiswa chaiko, kana kuendeswa kune mutengi akakumbira chirongwa.
- Semuenzaniso, kana iri webhusaiti, timu yeprojekiti yaizomisa maseva ewebhu, dhatabhesi, uye chero zvimwe zvinodiwa. Ivo vaizova nechokwadi chekuti zvese zvakagadziriswa nemazvo uye kushanda zvakanaka.
6/ Maintenance:
Munguva yeChirongwa Chekugadzirisa, boka repurojekiti rinopa rubatsiro runoenderera mberi kugadzirisa chero matambudziko angauya. Chinangwa chikuru cheChirongwa cheKugadzirisa ndechekuona kuti chirongwa chinoramba chichishanda zvakanaka uye chinosangana nezvinotarisirwa nevashandisi.
- Kana paine tsikidzi kana nyaya dzakawanikwa mupurojekiti, timu inoshanda mukuzvigadzirisa.
- Chikwata chinotarisawo mukuita shanduko dzinodikanwa kana kuvandudza kupurojekiti zvichienderana nemhinduro yemushandisi kana zvitsva zvinodiwa. Zvakafanana kana iwe uchikurudzira kuwedzera chinhu chitsva kune yako yaunofarira app, uye vanogadzira vanoteerera nekuita kuti zviitike.
Chikwata cheprojekiti chinoenderera mberi nekupa rutsigiro, kugadzirisa chero nyaya, uye kugadzirisa zvinodiwa kana shanduko chero bedzi chirongwa chiripo. Izvi zvinobatsira kuchengetedza purojekiti yakavimbika, yakachengeteka, uye ichifambirana nenguva.
Mabhenefiti uye Madhiri eWaterfall Methodology
Benefits
- Nzira Yakajeka uye Yakarongwa: Iyo Methodology inopa yakajeka uye yakarongeka nzira yekugadzirisa mapurojekiti. Zvinotevera nhanho-ne-nhanho maitiro, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuzvikwata kuronga nekuita basa razvo.
- Detailed Documentation: Iyi modhi inosimbisa kukosha kwezvinyorwa padanho rega rega. Zvinoreva kuti zvinodiwa zveprojekiti, zvirongwa zvekugadzira, uye ruzivo rwekuita zvakanyorwa zvakanaka. Mapepa aya anobatsira pane ramangwana uye anobatsira kuchengetedza ruzivo mukati mesangano.
- Kuzivikanwa Kwekutanga Kwezvinodikanwa: Iyi nzira inotarisa pakuziva uye kutsanangura zvinodiwa zveprojekiti pakutanga. Nekuita izvi, unogona kuderedza kusanzwisisana kunogona kuitika kana shanduko muhukuru. Inopa hwaro hwakasimba hwepurojekiti kubva pakutanga.
- Zvakajeka Milestones uye Zvinouya: Iyi nzira inobvumira kumisikidzwa kwezvinoitika zvakajeka uye zvinounzwa pachikamu chimwe nechimwe chepurojekiti. Izvi zvinobatsira mamaneja eprojekiti kuona kufambira mberi uye kuyera budiriro inopesana nezvinangwa zvakafanotsanangurwa. Inopa pfungwa yekubudirira apo boka rinopedza chiitiko chimwe nechimwe.
zvainovhiringidzawo
- Zvishoma Kuchinja: The methodology ine downside yekuve inflexible. Kana chikamu chapera, zvinova zvakaoma kuita shanduko. Kupikiswa uku kunogona kukonzera kunetsa kuchinjika kune zvinodikanwa kana kubatanidza mhinduro gare gare muprojekiti. Inogona kudzikamisa kugona kweprojekiti kuchinjika uye kuita zvinoenderana nekuchinja kwezvinodiwa.
- Kushaikwa kweVanobatanidzwa: Mumuenzaniso uyu, vanobatana vanogona kunge vaine chekuita zvishoma uye kupa mhinduro chete mumatanho ekupedzisira eprojekiti. Uku kunonoka kubatanidzwa kunogona kukonzera kushamisika kana kuodzwa mwoyo kana mugumisiro wekupedzisira usingazadzise zvinotarisirwa nevaridzi.
- Ngozi Yakakwira Yekuchinja Dzinodhura: Nekuda kwekutevedzana kwemaitiro enzira, kuita shanduko kana kugadzirisa nyaya dzakawanikwa mune inotevera nhanho kunogona kutora nguva uye kudhura. Kugadzirisa purojekiti kunoda kudzokera kumatanho apfuura, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa nguva yeprojekiti uye bhajeti. Shanduko idzi dzinogona kutungamira kune imwe mari uye kunonoka.
- Yakaganhurirwa Kuchinjika kune Kusavimbika: Iyi modhi inofungidzira kuti zvinodiwa zveprojekiti zvinogona kunzwisiswa zvizere uye kutsanangurwa pakutanga. Nekudaro, mumapurojekiti akaomarara kana nharaunda dzisina chokwadi, zvingave zvakaoma kuve nekunzwisisa kwakakwana kumberi. Chirambidzo ichi chinogona kukonzera matambudziko mukuunza mhedzisiro yaunoda kana watarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu asingatarisirwi kana mamiriro ekuchinja.
Nzira dzakasiyana dzingave dzakanyanya kuenderana nezvinodiwa zveprojekiti uye mamiriro ehurongwa. Saka, ngatiende kuchikamu chinotevera kuti tizive nguva yaunofanira kuisa iyo mapopoma modhi!
Rini uye Ndekupi Unofanira Kushandisa Iyo Waterfall Methodology?
Iyi nzira inowanzo shandiswa mumapurojekiti ane zvakatsanangurwa uye zvakagadzikana zvinodiwa, uko chirongwa chine zvinangwa zvakajeka uye chiyero. Iyi modhi yakajairika mumaindasitiri akadai sekuvaka, engineering, kugadzira, uye software kuvandudza.
Heano mamwe mamiriro ayo iyo Waterfall Methodology inogona kushandiswa zvinobudirira:
- Sequential uye Predictable Projects: Inoshanda zvakanaka kumapurojekiti ane kutevedzana kwakajeka kwemabasa uye kuyerera kunofungidzirwa, sekuvaka chivakwa.
- MaProjekiti Madiki ane Zvinangwa Zvakajeka: Inoshanda kumapurojekiti madiki ane zvinangwa zvakanyatsotsanangurwa, sekugadzira yakapfava mobile app.
- Zvinodikanwa Zvakadzikama uye Zvishoma Shanduko: Kana zvinodiwa zvepurojekiti zvakagadzikana uye zvisingaite shanduko zvakanyanya, Waterfall Methodology yakakodzera.
- Kutevedza uye Zvinyorwa Zvinodiwa: Izvo zvinobatsira kumapurojekiti anoda magwaro akakwana uye kutevedzera mirairo, senge mune zvehutano kana maindasitiri emuchadenga.
- Mapurojekiti ane Zvakanyatsotsanangurwa Mushandisi Zvinodiwa: Inoshanda kana zvinodiwa nemushandisi zvinonzwisiswa zvakajeka kubva pakutanga, sekuvaka webhusaiti zvinoenderana nekwakatemwa nevatengi.
Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti iyo Waterfall Methodology inogona kunge isingakodzeri mapurojekiti anoda kuchinjika, kugara achibatanidzwa nevatori vechikamu, kana kuita zvinoenderana nekuchinja kwezvinodiwa. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, nzira dzeAgile dzinowanzofarirwa.
Zvitsva Zvitsva
Iyo Waterfall Methodology inoshanda nemazvo kumapurojekiti ane anotevedzana uye anofanotaurwa mabasa, mapurojekiti madiki ane zvinangwa zvakajeka, kana akanyatsotsanangurwa mushandisi mapurojekiti. Nekudaro, inogona kunge isingakodzeri mapurojekiti anoda kuchinjika uye kazhinji kubatanidzwa kwevatori vechikamu.
Nekushandisa maturusi akadai AhaSlides, unogona kusimudzira kushandiswa kweiyo Waterfall Methodology. AhaSlides inopa zvakakosha templates uye zvinhu zvinofambidzana iyo inofambisa kuronga kweprojekiti, dhizaini, uye kutaurirana. With AhaSlides, zvikwata zvinogona kugadzira mharidzo dzinonakidza, kuronda mafambiro nemazvo, nekuvandudza mhedzisiro yeprojekiti.
Mibvunzo Inonyanya Kubvunzwa
Chii chinonzi waterfall model?
Waterfall methodology (kana waterfall model) mukutungamirira mapurojekiti inzira inotevedzana uye yakatsetseka inoshandiswa kubata mapurojekiti. Inotevera nzira yakarongeka apo chikamu chimwe nechimwe chepurojekiti chinopedzwa chisati chaenda kune chinotevera.
Ndeapi matanho mashanu emuenzaniso wemapopoma?
Heano matanho mashanu eiyo waterfall modhi:
- Zvinodiwa Kuunganidza
- Dhizaini
- Implementation
- Testing
- Deployment uye Maintenance
Ndeapi mabhenefiti uye kuipa kweiyo Waterfall modhi?
Iyo nzira yemapopoma ine zvayakanakira pamwe nekuipira. Pamusoro pezvakanaka, inopa nzira yakajeka uye yakarongeka yakatevedzana yehutungamiri hweprojekiti. Nhanho imwe neimwe yemapopoma inofambiswa nehurongwa uye inonyorerwa mune zvakasikwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zviitiko uye mhedzisiro zvinotsanangurwa zvakajeka pamberi. Mapopoma emvura zvakare anoguma neakadzama zvinyorwa pachikamu chimwe nechimwe, zvichibatsira kuona kuti zvinodiwa zvinonzwisiswa zvizere kubva pakutanga. Kuzivikanwa kwekutanga kwezvido zvevashandisi uye zviitiko zvakajeka zvinopa pachena mune zvinounzwa. Nekudaro, iyo mapopoma zvakare yakanyatso kuomarara uye kushomeka kuchinjika kana chikamu chapera. Vanedavi vane chekuita zvishoma kudarika kutanga uye kune njodzi huru yekuchinja kunodhura sezvo chirongwa ichi chichienderera mberi nekuvhara-nhanho kuburikidza nezvikamu. Ichi chimiro chakatemerwa chinorevawo kuti mapopoma ane kushomeka kwekuchinjika kubata nekusagadzikana uye shanduko yezvinodiwa zvichipihwa maitiro ayo anofambiswa negwaro. Kuchinjika kunobayirwa mukufarira chimiro.