Unokubamba igama elithi "El Nino" kuqikelelo lwemozulu amaxesha amaninzi. Le meko yemozulu inomdla inokubangela iziphumo ezixhaphakileyo kwihlabathi jikelele, ichaphazela imimandla efana nemililo yasendle, i-ecosystem, kunye noqoqosho.
Kodwa yintoni umphumo we-El Nino? Siza kulayita izibane El Nino Intsingiselo, kuya kwenzeka ntoni xa u-El Nino ekwipatheni, kwaye uphendule imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga ne-El Nino.
Isiqulatho
Yintoni intsingiselo ye-El Nino?
U-El Nino, oguqulelwa ngesiSpanish ngokuthi "inkwenkwana" okanye "umntwana kaKristu", wanikwa igama lakhe ngabalobi baseMzantsi Melika abaye babona ukufudumala kwamanzi oLwandle lwePasifiki ngoDisemba. Kodwa ungalahlekiswa ligama layo – iEl Nino yinto encinci!
Ke yintoni ebangela uEl Nino? Ukusebenzisana kuka-El Nino phakathi kolwandle kunye neatmosfera kubangela ukuba amaqondo obushushu olwandle kumbindi nakwimpuma-mbindi we-Equatorial Pacific ande, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umoya onomswakama ukhawuleze ube sisiphango.
Ngeminyaka yoo-1930, izazinzulu ezifana noMhlekazi uGilbert Walker zafumanisa ukuba i-El Nino kunye ne-Southern Oscillation zazisenzeka ngaxeshanye!
I-Southern Oscillation yindlela entle yokuthetha ukuba uxinzelelo lomoya phezu koLwandlekazi lwePasifiki olushushu luyatshintsha.
Xa iPasifiki yasempuma yetropiki ishushu (enkosi ku-El Nino), uxinzelelo lomoya phezu kolwandle luyehla. Ezi ziganeko zimbini zinxibelelene kangangokuba izazi ngemozulu zazinika igama elinomtsalane: El Nino-Southern Oscillation, okanye i-ENSO ngokufutshane. Kule mihla, uninzi lweengcali zisebenzisa amagama athi El Nino kunye ne-ENSO ngokungafaniyo.
Izifundo ezinkqaywe ngemizuzwana
Imibuzo esebenzayo yenza abafundi bakho bacengceleze amagama anzima ejografi-alunaxinzelelo ngokupheleleyo
Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha le-El Nino?
Xa isiganeko se-El Nino sisenzeka, imimoya yorhwebo edla ngokuvuthela ngasentshona ecaleni kwe-Ikhweyitha iqalisa ukuba buthathaka. Olu tshintsho kuxinzelelo lomoya nesantya somoya lubangela ukuba amanzi ashushu anyukele phezulu ngasempuma ecaleni kwe-Ikhweyitha, ukusuka kwintshona yePasifiki ukuya kunxweme olukumantla oMzantsi Merika.
Njengoko la manzi ashushu eshukuma, enza nzulu i<em>thermocline, engumaleko wobunzulu bolwandle owahlula amanzi angaphezulu ashushu kumanzi abandayo angaphantsi. Ngexesha lomsitho we-El Nino, i-thermocline inokuntywila ukuya kuthi ga kwi-152 yeemitha (iinyawo ezingama-500)!
Lo maleko ungqindilili wamanzi ashushu unempembelelo embi kunxweme lwempuma Pasifiki. Ngaphandle kokunyuswa okuqhelekileyo kwamanzi abandayo atyebileyo ngezondlo, indawo ye-euphotic ayinakukwazi ukuxhasa inkqubo yendalo ehlala ivelisa imveliso. Iintlanzi ziyafa okanye zifuduke, nto leyo edala umonakalo kuqoqosho lwase-Ecuador nasePeru.
Kodwa akuphelelanga apho! I-El Nino ikwabangela utshintsho oluxhaphakileyo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha olubi kakhulu kwimozulu. Ukushukuma kwamanzi phezu kwamanzi ashushu kuzisa imvula engakumbi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwandeni kwemvula e-Ecuador nakumantla ePeru. Oku kunokuba negalelo kwizikhukula nokhukuliseko oluselunxwemeni, kutshabalalise amakhaya, izikolo, izibhedlele namashishini. Izithuthi zinqongophele kwaye nezityalo ziyatshatyalaliswa.
I-El Nino izisa imvula kuMzantsi Merika kodwa imbalela e-Indonesia nase-Ostreliya, ebeka emngciphekweni amanzi abo njengoko amadama esoma kwaye nemilambo ithwala ngaphantsi. Ulimo oluxhomekeke kunkcenkceshelo lunokuba semngciphekweni yi-El Nino! Ke zilungiselele kwaye uzilungiselele amandla ayo angenakuqikelelwa kwaye anamandla!
Ngaba i-El Nino ilungile okanye imbi?
U-El Nino uvame ukuzisa iimeko ezifudumele kunye nezomileyo ezikhuthaza imveliso yombona e-US Nangona kunjalo, eMzantsi Afrika nase-Australia, inokuzisa iimeko ezomileyo ezinobungozi ezinyusa umngcipheko womlilo, ngelixa iBrazil kunye nomntla waseMzantsi Melika bafumana amaxesha omileyo kwaye iArgentina neChile ibona imvula. . Ke lungiselela amandla ka-El Nino angalindelekanga njengoko esigcina siqikelela!
Ingaba iEl Nino ihlala ixesha elingakanani?
Bambelela kwiminqwazi yakho, bajongi bemozulu: nantsi indawo esezantsi ye-El Nino! Ngokuqhelekileyo, isiqephu se-El Nino sithatha iinyanga ze-9-12. Idla ngokukhula entlakohlaza (ngoMatshi-Juni), ifikelele kwincopho yokuqina phakathi kweenyanga zasekwindla ezisekupheleni kwekwindla/ebusika (Novemba-Februwari), ize ibe buthathaka ekuqaleni kweenyanga zasehlotyeni njengoMatshi-Juni.
Nangona iziganeko ze-El Nino zinokuhlala ngaphezu konyaka omnye, ubukhulu becala zenzeka malunga neenyanga ezilithoba ukuya kwezili-12 kwixesha elide - eyona El Nino ende kwimbali yanamhlanje yathatha iinyanga ezili-18 kuphela. U-El Nino uza rhoqo kwiminyaka emibini okanye esixhenxe (quasi-periodic), kodwa ayenzeki kwishedyuli eqhelekileyo.
Ngaba sinokuyiqikelela i-El Nino ngaphambi kokuba yenzeke?
Ewe! Itekhnoloji yale mihla iyamangalisa xa kufikwa ekuqikeleleni i-El Nino.
Enkosi kwiimodeli zemozulu ezifana nezo ziqeshwe ngamaZiko eSizwe okuQekelela kokuSingqongileyo kunye nedatha evela kwi-Tropical Pacific Observing System sensors kwiisathelayithi, ii-ocean buoys, kunye ne-radiosondes ebeka iliso kwiimeko zemozulu eziguqukayo - izazinzulu zihlala zixela kwangaphambili ngokuchanekileyo iinyanga zokufika okanye iminyaka ngaphambili.
Ngaphandle kwezixhobo ezinjalo asinakuba nayo indlela yokwazi ukuba kuza ntoni na malunga neemeko zemozulu ezinje ngo-El Nino.
Ngaba ii-El Ninos Zomelela?
Iprojekthi yemodeli yemozulu njengoko ubushushu boMhlaba bufudumala ngakumbi, imijikelo ye-ENSO inokuqina ngakumbi kwaye ivelise i-El Ninos kunye neLa Ninas egqithisileyo enokuba neempembelelo ezimbi kuluntu kwihlabathi liphela. Kodwa ayizizo zonke iimodeli ezivumayo, kwaye izazinzulu zisebenza ngokungakhathali ukuze zifumane ukuqonda okungakumbi ngale nto intsonkothileyo.
Isihloko esinye ekusaxoxwa ngaso sesokuba ingaba umjikelo we-ENSO sele uqina na ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu okubangelwe ngumntu, nangona kukho into enye eqinisekileyo – i-ENSO ibikho kangangamawaka eminyaka kwaye iya kuqhubeka kude kwixesha elizayo.
Nokuba umjikelo wayo wokwenyani uhlala ungatshintshi, iziphumo zawo zinokubonakala ngakumbi njengoko uMhlaba uqhubeka ukufudumala.
Imibuzo ye-El Nino Quiz (+Iimpendulo)
Masivavanye ukuba uyikhumbula kakuhle kangakanani inkcazelo ka-El Nino ngale mibuzo yemibuzo. Eyona nto imnandi nangakumbi kukuba ungazifaka ezi kumbuzo onxibelelanayo ukuze usasaze ulwazi malunga nalo mbandela ubalulekileyo wokusingqongileyo usebenzisa i-AhaSlides.
- Imele ntoni i-ENSO? (Impendulo: El Nino-Southern Oscillation)
- Iyenzeka kangaphi i-El Nino (Impendulo: Rhoqo kwiminyaka emibini ukuya kwesixhenxe)
- Kwenzeka ntoni ePeru xa kusenzeka uEl Nino? (Impendulo: Imvula enkulu)
- Ngowaphi amanye amagama ka-El Nino? (Impendulo: ENSO)
- Ngowuphi ummandla ochatshazelwa kakhulu yi-El Niño? (Impendulo: kunxweme lwePasifiki eMzantsi Melika)
- Ngaba sinokuyixela kwangaphambili i-El Nino? (Impendulo: Ewe)
- UEl Nino unaziphi iziphumo? (Impendulo: Imozulu embi kakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele kubandakanya imvula enkulu kunye nezikhukhula kwimimandla eyomileyo kunye nembalela kwimimandla emanzi)
- Yintoni echasene no-El Nino? (Impendulo: La Nina)
- Imimoya yorhwebo ibuthathaka ngexesha le-El Nino - Yinyani okanye Bubuxoki? (Impendulo: Bubuxoki)
- Zeziphi iindawo eMelika ezijongana nobusika obubandayo xa i-El Nino ibetha? (Impendulo: California kunye neendawo ezisemazantsi e-US)
Qala ngemizuzwana.
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Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Iyintoni intsingiselo ye-El Niño kunye neLa Niña?
U-El Nino kunye noLa Nina ziipateni zemozulu ezimbini ezifumaneka kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki. Bayinxalenye yomjikelo obizwa ngokuba yi-El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
I-El Nino yenzeka xa amanzi empuma-mbindi woLwandlekazi lwePasifiki esiba shushu kunesiqhelo, nto leyo ekhokelela kutshintsho kwiindlela zemozulu ezifana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nokutshintsha kweepateni zeemvula. Lo mcimbi uphawula isigaba esifudumeleyo somjikelezo we-ENSO.
ILa Nina yenzeka xa amanzi akummandla omnye woLwandlekazi lwePasifiki ephola ngaphantsi kwesiqhelo, eguqula imozulu ngokuvelisa amaqondo obushushu apholileyo kunye neepatheni eziguquguqukayo zemvula; iphawula isigaba esibandayo kumjikelezo we-ENSO.
Ngaba i-El Niño ithetha ukubanda?
I-El Nino inokubonwa ngamaqondo obushushu olwandle ashushu ngokungaqhelekanga kwi-Equatorial Pacific ngoxa iLa Nina ibonakala ngamanzi abandayo ngokungaqhelekanga kulo mmandla.
Kutheni iEl Niño ibizwa ngokuba ngumntwana osikelelekileyo?
Igama leSpanish elithi El Niño, elithetha “unyana,” ekuqaleni lalisetyenziswa ngabalobi base-Ecuador nasePeru ukuchaza ukufudumala kwamanzi aphezu konxweme okwenzeka ngeKrismesi.
Ekuqaleni, yayibhekisela kwisiganeko esiqhelekileyo sonyaka. Nangona kunjalo, ekuhambeni kwexesha, igama laza lamela ukufudumala okubanzi kwaye ngoku kubhekiselele kwiipateni zemozulu ezifudumele ngokungaqhelekanga ezenzeka rhoqo emva kweminyaka embalwa.
Ngaba uyafuna ukufunda amagama amatsha ejografi ngokufanelekileyo? Zama IAhaSlides kwangoko kwimibuzo emininzi ebandakanyayo.
