Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ezinye, ukufunda imigqaliselo!
“Nkawu yabona, nkawu yenza njalo” – isaci saseMelika
Ukuqwalasela ekufundeni kubalulekile. Ukususela kumanqanaba okuqala obomi, abantu babenocingo ukuze babukele baze baxelise. Kulapho uluvo lwe ukufunda imigqaliselo uvela ukuzalisa isithuba phakathi kwamava obuqu kunye nokungaziwayo.
Ithiyori yokufunda yentlalontle ka-Albert Bandura ibonisa ukuba ukujonga kunye nokwenza imodeli kudlala indima ephambili kwindlela kwaye kutheni abantu befunda. Imalunga nabantu abafunda kungekuphela nje ngamava angqalileyo kodwa nangokujonga abanye kunye neziphumo zezenzo zabo.
Ke, kuthetha ukuthini ukuqwalaselwa kokufunda, kwaye kusetyenziswe njani inzuzo kuko? Makhe sihlolisise eli nqaku.
isishwankathelo
| Kuthetha ntoni ukuphonononga ukufunda? | Inkqubo yokufunda ngokujonga indlela yokuziphatha yabanye. |
| Ngubani owaqala waqaphela isenzeko sokuqwalaselwa kokufunda? | Bandura, ngo-1985 |
| Ngawaphi amanyathelo ama-4 okufunda ngokuphonononga? | Ingqalelo, ukugcinwa, ukuzala, kunye nenkuthazo. |
Isiqulatho:
Yintoni imiQathango yokuFunda?
Ukuqaphela yindlela yendalo kunye nokuziphatha kwabantu. Ukuphonononga ukufunda, okanye ukufunda ngokuphonononga, kubhekisa kwinkqubo abantu abafumana ngayo ulwazi olutsha, izakhono, iindlela zokuziphatha, kunye nolwazi ngokubukela nokulinganisa izenzo, ukuziphatha, kunye neziphumo zabanye.
Enyanisweni, ukufunda ngokujonga kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba ukufunda ngokukhawuleza, apho abantu bafunda ngokubona amava kunye neziphumo zabanye.
Ingqikelelo yokufunda ngokuqwalasela nayo ifumana iingcambu zayo Ithiyori yokufunda yoluntu enempembelelo ka-Albert Bandura.
I-Social Learning Theory, ngokutsho kwe-Bandura, ithi ekuphenduleni ukujonga, ukuxelisa, kunye nomzekelo, ukufunda kunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokutshintsha ukuziphatha (1965)
Ukongeza, ukufunda ngokujongwa kwisayikholoji kuye kwavavanywa kuphando oluninzi, olunye luchazayo Mirror neurons, iiseli ezikhethekileyo zobuchopho, eziye zaba yindawo ephambili yophando enxulumene nokufunda ngokujongwa.
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Yeyiphi iMizekeliso yokuQatshelwa kokuFunda?
Kwihlabathi eliphuphuma zizivuseleli, iingqondo zethu zisebenza njengeziponji zolwazi, zifunxa ukuqonda kuzo zonke iimbombo zokusingqongileyo. Sidibana nemizekelo yokufunda yokuqaphela yonke imihla.
Iintsana zibukela iintshukumo zabanonopheli bazo kwaye zilinganise inkangeleko yobuso babo. Abantwana bakubukela ngenyameko njengoko abazali bebopha imitya yezihlangu okanye belungisa ibhloko, bephindaphinda ezi zenzo bezama ukoyisa. Abakwishumi elivisayo bajonga kakhulu oontanga babo ukuze baqonde iintshukumo zentlalo kunye nokuziphatha. Abantu abadala bafunda ngokubukela iingcaphephe, enoba ngumpheki osika ngobuqhetseba izithako okanye imvumi edlala isixhobo somculo ngobuchule.
Kwiimeko ezingacwangciswanga, sijonga abahlobo, amalungu osapho, abantu esisebenza nabo, kunye nabantu beendaba ukuze sifumane ulwazi kwaye samkele izakhono ezitsha. Ngokukwanjalo, kwimfundo esesikweni, ootitshala basebenzisa amandla okuqwalasela ukuze babonise iikhonsense, iindlela zokuziphatha, neendlela zokusombulula iingxaki.
Umzekelo, kukho indlela eyandayo apho abafundi bafunda ngokubukela iividiyo zabanye abafundi abafunda kwi-Intanethi. Iividiyo ezibizwa ngokuba zizifundo kunye nam ziye zahamba phakathi kwe-2016 kunye ne-2017 kwaye zifumene ngaphezu kwekota yesigidi sababhalisile.
“Sonke singababukeli – oomabonakude, iiwotshi zamaxesha, izithuthi kuhola wendlela – kodwa bambalwa ababukeleyo. Wonke umntu ujonge, hayi baninzi ababonayo. ”
– Peter M. Leschak
Imithombo yeendaba, kubandakanya umabonwakude, iimuvi, kunye namaqonga e-intanethi, anefuthe elikhulu ekujongweni kokufunda. Abantu bahlala befunda kwiMizekeliso yokuXelelwa, umzekelo, abalinganiswa basentsomini, abantu abadumileyo, kunye nabaphembeleli bokwenyani ngokufanayo. Aba bantu badlala njengemithombo yempembelelo, isilumkiso, kunye nokucamngca, ukuphembelela izimvo kunye nezigqibo zababukeli.
Umzekelo, uTaylor Swift, imvumi eyaziwayo kwihlabathi jikelele, umlingisi, kunye nosomashishinikazi, impembelelo yakhe idlulela ngaphaya komculo wakhe. Izenzo zakhe, iinqobo ezisemgangathweni, kunye nokukhetha kwakhe zibonwa zizigidi zabalandeli kwihlabathi liphela, zimenza abe ngumzekelo onyanzelekileyo wokufunda nokukhuthaza.
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Kutheni le nto iZifundo eziQwalaselayo zibalulekile?
Ukufunda ngokuqwalasela sisakhono sendalo esiqala ebuntwaneni. Ukuziqhelanisa nokuqaphela ukufunda kubalulekile ngenxa yobuninzi beenzuzo zakho kubafundi ukusuka kwiminyaka yobudala. Jonga izibonelelo ezintlanu eziphambili zokuqatshelwa kokufunda ngezantsi:
Ukufunda ngokufanelekileyo
Okokuqala nokuphambili, ukufunda ngokuqwalasela yindlela esebenzayo nesebenzayo yokufunda. Ichaphazela utyekelo lwethu lwendalo lokufunda kwabanye, nto leyo esenza sikwazi ukuqonda iingqiqo ezintsonkothileyo ngokukhawuleza. Ngokujonga imizekelo yelizwe lokwenyani, abafundi banokudibanisa ulwazi lwethiyori kunye nokusetyenziswa kwepraktikhali. Le ndlela ayiphuculi nje kuphela ukuqonda kodwa ikwakhulisa izakhono zokucinga nzulu, isenza ukufunda kube yinkqubo eguqukayo nenika umdla efikelela ngaphaya kweencwadi zezifundo kunye neentetho.
Imbono ebanzi
Ngokwenene, sinamandla amangalisayo okufumana ubulumko kumava abanye, ukodlula imida yamaxesha ethu okuphila. Xa sibona umntu ejonga imeko ngempumelelo, ekusombululeni ingxaki, okanye ehambisa ingcamango, sinikwa ikroba kwiinkqubo zabo zokuqonda kunye nezicwangciso zabo.
Ukuhanjiswa kwenkcubeko
Ukongeza, uqwalaselo lokufunda alunanzi nje banzi ubukrelekrele bethu kodwa ludibanisa izizukulwana kunye neenkcubeko. Zisivumela ukuba sizuze ilifa izinto ezifunyenweyo, izinto ezintsha, kunye nokuqonda okuqokelelweyo kwabo bahamba phambi kwethu. Kanye njengokuba impucuko yakudala yafunda kwiinkwenkwezi ukuhamba kwaye iqikelele amaxesha onyaka, nathi, sifunda kwiingxelo ekwabelwana ngazo kwibali lethu lomntu.
Imilinganiselo yokuziphatha
Uqwalaselo lunonxibelelwano oluluqilima nemigaqo yokuziphatha. Abantu baphenjelelwa lula kukubona indlela abaziphatha ngayo abanye. Umzekelo, emsebenzini, ukuba iinkokeli zibandakanyeka kwizenzo ezingekho mgangathweni, abo bangaphantsi kwabo badla ngokulandela lo mzekelo, becinga ukuba kwamkelekile. Oku kuqaqambisa amandla okuqwalasela ekubumbeni imigangatho yokuziphatha kwaye kugxininisa imfuneko yemizekelo emihle eyakhayo ukukhuthaza inkcubeko yemfezeko kunye nokuziphatha okuthembekileyo.
Utshintsho lomntu
Yintoni egqithisile? Uya kumangaliswa kukufumanisa ukuba ukujonga ukufunda kunceda inguqu yomntu. Yindlela ekhuthazayo ekhuthaza abantu ukuba boyise imida kwaye bazabalazele ukuziphucula. La mandla okubona aguqulayo abethelela ingcamango yokuba ukufunda akuphelelanga nje ekufumaneni ulwazi kodwa nokuguqukela ekubeni ube yinguqulelo engcono kuwe.
Zeziphi iiNkqubo ezi-4 zokuQatshelwa kokuFunda?
Kukho izigaba ezine zokufunda ngokujongwa, ngokutsho kwethiyori yokufunda yentlalontle yaseBandura, kubandakanya ingqwalasela, ukugcinwa, ukuvelisa, kunye nokukhuthaza. Inqanaba ngalinye linendima ebalulekileyo kwaye linxibelelene ngokusondeleyo elinye nelinye ukuze kuphuculwe inkqubo yokufunda.
ingqalelo
Ukufunda ngokuqwalasela kuqala ngokunika ingqwalasela kwiinkcukacha. Ngaphandle kokuqwalaselwa, inkqubo yokufunda ngokuqwalasela ayithethi nto. Abafundi mabaqondise ulwazi lwabo kwingcaciso efanelekileyo yendlela yokuziphatha eqatshelweyo, baqinisekise ukuba bayawabhala ama-nuances, izicwangciso-qhinga kunye neziphumo.
Ukugcinwa
Emva kokunikwa ingqwalaselo, abafundi bagcina ulwazi olujongiweyo kwinkumbulo yabo. Eli nqanaba libandakanya ukufakwa kwekhowudi kwindlela yokuziphatha ebonwayo kunye neenkcukacha ezinxulumeneyo kwinkumbulo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba inokukhunjulwa kamva. Ukugcinwa kuxhomekeke kwiinkqubo zokuqonda ezenza abafundi bakwazi ukugcina nokucwangcisa ulwazi ukuze balusebenzise kwixesha elizayo.
Ukuzaliswa
Yiza kwisigaba sesithathu, abafundi bazama ukuphinda-phinda indlela abaziphatha ngayo. Ukuvelisa kwakhona kubandakanya ukuguqulela ulwazi olugciniweyo ukusuka kwimemori ukuya kwisenzo. Umzekelo, ukuba umntu ubukele isifundo sokupheka kwi-intanethi, inqanaba lokuvelisa libandakanya ukusebenzisa amanyathelo abonisiweyo kunye nezithako zokwenza isitya ekhitshini labo.
Isizathu
Emva koko, inkuthazo iyakhiwa. Kwesi sigaba sokugqibela sokufunda kokuphonononga, abafundi bachatshazelwa ziziphumo neziphumo abazinxulumanisa nokuziphatha okuqwalaselweyo. Iziphumo ezilungileyo, ezinje ngemivuzo okanye impumelelo, ziphucula inkuthazo yokuphindaphinda indlela yokuziphatha.
Unokufunda Njani NgokuQwalasela?
Ukufunda ngokuqwalasela kunokuba ngumsebenzi onzima ekuqaleni. Usenokuzibuza ukuba ungaqala ngaphi na, yintoni ofanele ugxile kuyo, kwaye ukuba kuyamangalisa ukujonga ezinye iindlela zokuziphatha ixesha elide.
Ukuba ukhangela impendulo yale mibuzo, esi sikhokelo silandelayo sinokukunceda:
- Khetha Imizekelo Efanelekileyo: Chonga abantu abagqwesileyo kwindawo onomdla kuyo. Khangela abantu abaneendlela ezahlukeneyo ukuze ube nembono ephangaleleyo.
- Gxininisa kwiindlela zokuziphatha ezikhethekileyo: Nciphisa ugxininiso lwakho kwiindlela zokuziphatha, izenzo, okanye amacebo athile. Oku kuthintela ukuba uzixakekise ngolwazi oluninzi.
- Jonga Umxholo kunye neempendulo: Nika ingqwalaselo kumxholo wokuziphatha okwenzekayo kunye neempendulo ezithi zibangele. Oku kunika ingqiqo enzulu yokuba kutheni amanyathelo athile athatyathwa.
- Hlala Uvuleleke Ngengqondo: Vula ukufunda kwimithombo ongayilindelanga. Ukuqonda kunokuvela kubantu bazo zonke iimvelaphi kunye namava.
- Ziqhelise Rhoqo: Ukufunda ngokuqwalasela yinkqubo eqhubekayo. Kwenze umkhwa wakho ukujonga rhoqo, ukucamngca, nokusebenzisa oko ukufundileyo.
- Funa Impendulo: Ukuba kunokwenzeka, yabelana ngamalinge akho nomntu onolwazi entsimini okanye ubuchule obufundayo. Iingxelo zabo zinokunika ukuqonda okuxabisekileyo kunye neengcebiso zokuphucula.
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Imibuzo ebuzwa qho:
Yeyiphi eminye imizekelo yemigqaliselo yokufunda?
Ukwenza umzekelo, abantwana abaselula banokufunda indlela yokuvula ucango ngokujonga abazali babo, okanye abasaqalayo banokufunda indlela yokubeka isandla kwipiyano ngokubukela ootitshala babo.
Mangaphi amanqanaba oqwalaselo lokufunda?
Kukho izigaba ezi-5 zokuqwalaselwa kokufunda, kubandakanywa ukuNika iNgqwalasela, ukuGcina, ukuVeliswa kwakhona, ukukhuthazwa, kunye nokuQiniswa.
Ref: Ingqondo entle kakhulu | Ukufunda ngebhere lamanzi | Forbes | Bandura A. Ithiyori yokuFunda yeNtlalo. Iholo yePrentice; 1977.
