UkuCwangciswa koMhlalaphantsi ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo ekungamelanga uphetshwe okanye ungahoywa kubomi bomntu wonke. Akukaze kube kudala kakhulu ukuba uqalise ukucwangcisa umhlalaphantsi wakho, njengoko kuqinisekisa ubomi obutofotofo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngemali kwiminyaka yamva. Nokuba usisityebi ngoku, akukho mntu unokuqikelela ukuba kuza ntoni na (njengobhubhani we-Covid-19 kwiminyaka emibini eyadlulayo). Ngoko kusoloko kububulumko ukuzilungiselela.
Ukucwangcisa umhlalaphantsi yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba iminyaka yakho yegolide iyonwaba kwaye ayinaxinzelelo. Kwesi sithuba sebhlog, siza kungena nzulu ngokubaluleka kokucwangcisa umhlalaphantsi kunye namanyathelo okuba uqalise njani.
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Yintoni uCwangciso loMhlalaphantsi?
Isicwangciso somhlalaphantsi yindlela ogqiba ngayo iinjongo zakho zomvuzo womhlalaphantsi kwaye wenze isicwangciso semali ukufezekisa ezo njongo. Ukuze ube nesicwangciso esipheleleyo somhlalaphantsi, kuya kufuneka uthathe amanyathelo amathathu:
- Vavanya imeko yakho yemali ngoku;
- Qikelela iindleko ozifunayo kwixesha elizayo;
- Yenza isicwangciso sokuqinisekisa ukuba unemali eyaneleyo yokugcina indlela ophila ngayo emva kokuthatha umhlalaphantsi.
Isicwangciso somhlalaphantsi sibonelela ngokhuseleko lwezemali kunye noxolo lwengqondo ngexesha leminyaka yakho yegolide. Ikuvumela ukuba "uphile" ubomi obufunayo kwaye ufezekise iinjongo zakho ngaphandle kokusebenza ukugcina ubomi obuzinzile. Ungahamba kakuhle, ulandele izinto ozonwabisa ngazo okanye uchithe ixesha nabantu obathandayo.
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokucwangcisa umhlalaphantsi, njengezicwangciso zomhlalaphantsi, ii-akhawunti zomhlalaphantsi zomntu ngamnye (IRAs), kunye nezicwangciso ezingama-401 (k). Onke akunceda ukuba wonwabele ukhuseleko lwezemali kunye noxolo lwengqondo ngexesha lomhlalaphantsi wakho. Nangona kunjalo, siza kugrumba nzulu kwezi ntlobo zezicwangciso zomhlalaphantsi kula macandelo alandelayo.
Yimalini oyidingayo kumhlala-phantsi?
Ukuba kufuneka ulondoloze malini xa uthatha umhlala-phantsi kuya kuxhomekeka kwiimeko zakho kunye neenjongo zakho. Ngoko, eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokumisela ukuba yimalini na enokuchithwa koku kukusebenza nomcebisi wezezimali ukwenza isicwangciso somhlalaphantsi esihlangabezana neemfuno zakho.
Nangona kunjalo, nantsi imiba enokukunceda ubone ukuba kufuneka wonge malini:
- Iinjongo zomhlalaphantsi kunye nendlela yokuphila: Cinga ngohlobo lwendlela yokuphila ongathanda ukuba nayo xa udla umhlala-phantsi. Emva koko dwelisa ukuba yimalini oza kuyidinga ukuze uhlawule ezi ndleko.
- Iindleko eziqikelelweyo: Qikelela iindleko zakho zexesha elizayo, kuquka inkathalo yezempilo, indawo yokuhlala, ukutya, izithuthi kunye nezinye iindleko zokuphila.
- Izinto ozilindile emhlabane: Kuvakala kulusizi, kodwa inyani yeyokuba kufuneka ucinge ngembali yosapho lwakho kunye nempilo yangoku ukuze ufumane uqikelelo lweminyaka ophila ngayo. Iya kukunceda ubone ukuba uza kuyidinga ixesha elingakanani ugcino lwakho lomhlalaphantsi.
- Ixabiso: Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kunokulithoba ixabiso lemali oyongile ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba unike ingxelo ngempembelelo yokunyuka kwamaxabiso kwimali oyongele umhlalaphantsi.
- Iminyaka yomhlalaphantsi: Ubudala oceba ukuthatha umhlala-phantsi ngabo bunokuchaphazela ukuba kufuneka wonge malini. Ngokukhawuleza uthatha umhlala-phantsi, kokukhona ufuna ugcino lwakho lomhlalaphantsi ixesha elide.
- Uncedo lweNtlalo: Qwalasela ukuba yimalini oza kuyifumana kwizibonelelo zoKhuseleko lweNtlalo kunye nokuba oko kuya kuwuchaphazela njani umvuzo wakho womhlalaphantsi.
- Buyela kutyalo-mali: Ayinguye wonke umntu onotyalo-mali. Nangona kunjalo, imbuyekezo kutyalo-mali lwakho lomhlalaphantsi inokuchaphazela ukuba yimalini ekufuneka uyigcine. Imbuyekezo ephezulu isenokuthetha ukuba kufuneka wonge kancinci, ngelixa imbuyekezo esezantsi isenokuthetha ukuba kufuneka wonge ngaphezulu.
Enye indlela yokufumanisa ukuba yimalini na imali oyidingayo kumhlalaphantsi kukusebenzisa iMithetho yeThupha: Bekela bucala i-15% yomvuzo wakho oya ekhaya xa uthatha umhlala-phantsi.
Ekugqibeleni, ungabhekisa kwi imilinganiselo yokonga ngokweminyaka ngezantsi ukuze ubone ukuba kufuneka ulungiselele kangakanani.
Khumbula ukuba ezi zikhokelo zingentla kuphela kwaye iimfuno zakho zokulondoloza umhlalaphantsi zinokwahluka.
IziCwangciso ezi-4 eziqhelekileyo zoMhlalaphantsi ngo-2023
Nazi ezinye zezona zicwangciso zomhlalaphantsi onokuthi uziqwalasele:
1/ 401(k) Isicwangciso
Esi sicwangciso sokugcina umhlala-phantsi esibonelelwa ngumqeshi wakho sikuvumela ukuba unikele ngemali yangaphambili yerhafu ukusuka kumvuzo wakho kwi-akhawunti yotyalo-mali. Imibutho emininzi ikwabonelela ngeminikelo ehambelanayo ukukunceda ucwangcisele ikamva.
2/ 403b Isicwangciso somhlalaphantsi
Ukucwangcisa umhlalaphantsi kunye ne-403 (b) isicwangciso lukhetho olulungileyo kubasebenzi bemibutho ekhululwe kwirhafu. Esi sicwangciso sinikezelwa kuphela yimibutho engahlawuliswa irhafu efana nezikolo zikarhulumente, iiyunivesithi, kunye nemibutho engenzi nzuzo.
Ngokufanayo ne-401 (k) Isicwangciso, isicwangciso sama-403 (b) sikuvumela ukuba unikele ngeedola zangaphambi kwerhafu ukusuka kumvuzo wakho kwi-akhawunti yotyalo-mali. Amagalelo kunye nemivuzo ikhula ngaphandle kwerhafu ude uyitsale imali xa uthatha umhlala-phantsi.
3/ Iakhawunti Yomhlalaphantsi Yomntu Ngamnye (IRA)
An Iakhawunti yoMhlalaphantsi yomntu ngamnye (IRA) luhlobo lweakhawunti yomhlalaphantsi wobuqu onokuthi uyivule ngokwakho okanye ngeziko lemali. Ngokungafaniyo nesicwangciso sama-401(k) okanye sama-403(b), i-IRA ayibonelelwanga ngumqeshi. Inokuba luncedo ngakumbi kubantu abazisebenzelayo okanye abo basebenza ixeshana.
Ukongeza, unokukhetha phakathi kwe-IRA yemveli, enikezela ngeminikelo erhoxisiweyo yerhafu, okanye iRoth IRA, ebonelela ngokutsalwa simahla kwerhafu kumhlalaphantsi.
4/ Isicwangciso somhlalaphantsi
Isicwangciso somhlalaphantsi luhlobo lwesicwangciso somhlalaphantsi esixhaswe ngumqeshi. Yenzelwe ukunika abasebenzi ingeniso eqinisekisiweyo yomhlalaphantsi ngokuxhomekeke kumvuzo wabo kunye neminyaka yenkonzo nenkampani.
Ngesicwangciso somhlalaphantsi, awudli ngokwenza igalelo kumhlalaphantsi uzigcinele wena. Endaweni yoko, umqeshi wakho unoxanduva lokulawula utyalo-mali kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba unemali eyaneleyo kwisicwangciso sokuhlawula izibonelelo zomhlalaphantsi.
Ndiluqala Njani uCwangciso lomhlalaphantsi?
Ukuqala ukucwangcisa umhlalaphantsi kunokubonakala kunzima, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uqalise ngokukhawuleza. Nazi ezinye izikhokelo ukuze uqalise:
1/ Beka iinjongo zomhlalaphantsi
Qala ngokumisela iinjongo ezithile zomhlalaphantsi wakho, uqale ngemibuzo efana nale:
- Ndifuna ukuthatha umhlala-phantsi nini (ubudala obungaphi)?
- Yiyiphi indlela yokuphila endifuna ukuba nayo?
- Yeyiphi imisebenzi endifuna ukuyilandela?
Le mibuzo iya kukunika ingcamango ecacileyo yokuba yimalini na ekufuneka uyigcine kwaye zeziphi iintlobo zotyalo-mali onokulufuna. Ngelixa kunokuba nzima ukuba nomfanekiso ngqondweni ngoku, kuya kukunceda wazi eyona njongo yakho kwaye wonge ne-1% ngcono suku ngalunye.
Okanye unokuseta ukudluliselwa okuzenzekelayo kwisicwangciso sakho somhlalaphantsi. Yindlela entle yokuqinisekisa ukuba uhlala ufaka igalelo kwiiakhawunti zakho zomhlalaphantsi.
2/ Qikelela Iindleko zoMhlalaphantsi
Qikelela ukuba yimalini oya kuyidinga kumhlalaphantsi ngokujonga iindleko zakho zangoku kunye nendlela ezinokutshintsha ngayo kumhlalaphantsi. Ungasebenzisa i-intanethi ikhaltyhuleyitha yomhlalaphantsi ukukunceda ukuba uqikelele iindleko zakho zomhlalaphantsi.
Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iingcali zincoma ukutshintsha i-70% ukuya kwi-90% yengeniso yakho yonyaka yangaphambi kokuthatha umhlalaphantsi usebenzisa ukugcinwa kunye noKhuseleko lweNtlalo.
3/ Bala ingeniso yomhlalaphantsi
Qinisekisa ukuba yimalini na ingeniso yomhlalaphantsi onokuyilindela kwimithombo efana noKhuseleko lweNtlalo, ipenshini kunye notyalo-mali. Umvuzo uwonke uya kunceda ukugqiba ukuba yimalini eyongezelelweyo yolondolozo olufunekayo ukufikelela kwiinjongo zakho zomhlalaphantsi.
Emva koko, unokuthelekisa kwiindleko zakho eziqikelelweyo zomhlalaphantsi ukuze ubone ukuba ufuna ukonga imali eyongezelelweyo.
4/ Phuhlisa isicwangciso somhlalaphantsi
Emva kokuba uneenjongo zakho zomhlalaphantsi, iindleko eziqikelelwayo, kunye nengeniso elindelekileyo, yenza isicwangciso sokulondoloza umhlalaphantsi ngokusekelwe kubo.
Usenokuqwalasela iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulondoloza umhlalaphantsi ezikhoyo, njengezicwangciso zomhlalaphantsi ezixhaswe ngumqeshi, ii-akhawunti zomhlalaphantsi zomntu ngamnye (IRAs), kunye nee-akhawunti zotyalo-mali ezirhafiswa. Injongo yokonga ubuncinane i-15% yomvuzo wakho kumhlalaphantsi.
5/ Hlaziya kwaye uhlengahlengise rhoqo
Ukuphonononga rhoqo kunye nokulungelelanisa isicwangciso sakho somhlalaphantsi kubalulekile ukuze uhlale usendleleni yokufezekisa iinjongo zakho zomhlalaphantsi. Nazi ezinye izizathu zokuba kutheni kufuneka ujonge kwaye uhlengahlengise isicwangciso sakho rhoqo:
- Utshintsho kwiimeko zobomi bakho ezinjengomtshato, utshintsho lomsebenzi, kunye nemiba yempilo inokuchaphazela ukonga kwakho komhlalaphantsi.
- Utshintsho kuqoqosho kunye nobume botyalo-mali (umz. ukudodobala koqoqosho)
- Utshintsho kwiinjongo zakho zomhlalaphantsi. Ngokomzekelo, usenokugqiba kwelokuba uthathe umhlala-phantsi ngaphambi kwexesha okanye emva kwexesha kunokuba ubucebe kwasekuqaleni, okanye usenokufuna ukulungisa indlela ophila ngayo xa uthatha umhlala-phantsi.
Ukuba uyasilela kwiinjongo zakho, zama ukunyusa igalelo lakho, ukutshintsha isicwangciso sakho sotyalo-mali, okanye uhlaziye izicwangciso zakho zomhlalaphantsi.
6/ Cinga ngokusebenza nomcebisi wezezimali
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, eyona ndlela ingcono yokucwangcisa umhlalaphantsi ngempumelelo kukuba nomcebisi wezezimali. Umcebisi wezezimali unokukunceda wenze isicwangciso somhlalaphantsi somntu kwaye akunike isikhokelo malunga nezicwangciso zotyalo-mali, ucwangciso lwerhafu, kunye nezinye izihloko zokucwangcisa umhlalaphantsi.
Kwaye xa ukhetha umcebisi wezezimali, khangela umntu onamava kwisicwangciso somhlalaphantsi kwaye unomsebenzi othembekileyo wokwenza oko kunomdla wakho.
IItrakthi ezibalulekileyo
Ukucwangcisela umhlalaphantsi ngumba obalulekileyo wobomi bakho bemali ofuna ukuqwalaselwa ngononophelo kunye nokucinga okucwangcisekileyo. Ngokuqalisa kwangethuba, ngokumisela iinjongo zakho zomhlalaphantsi, ukonga rhoqo, ukwahlula utyalo-mali lwakho, kunye nokuphonononga kunye nokulungelelanisa isicwangciso sakho rhoqo, ungasebenzela ukuzuza umhlala-phantsi okhululekileyo nokhuselekileyo ngokwasezimalini.
Ukuba ujonge indlela eguqukayo nebandakanyayo yokufundisa abanye ngokubaluleka kocwangciso lomhlalaphantsi, IAhaSlides inokunceda! Ngeyethu iimpawu interactive kunye nokwenza ngokwezifiso itemplates, unokwenza iintetho ezibandakanyayo nezifundisayo ezithimba ingqalelo yabaphulaphuli bakho kwaye zibakhuthaze ukuba babe neenjongo zokucwangcisa umhlalaphantsi.
Qala ucwangciso lomhlalaphantsi namhlanje kwaye uthathe inyathelo lokuqala elisingise kwikamva elikhuselekileyo ngokwezemali!
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