Kwihlabathi eliguquguqukayo lemibutho, ukucinga kunye nokujongana nezona zizathu zemingeni kubalulekile kuhlumo lwexesha elide. I-Root Cause Analysis Method (RCA) yindlela ehleliweyo ehamba ngaphaya kokujongana neempawu, ejolise ekuboniseni imiba yokwenene ebangela iingxaki. Ngokusebenzisa i-RCA, imibutho inokuphucula amandla abo okusombulula iingxaki, yenza iinkqubo zisebenze ngakumbi, kwaye ihlakulele inkcubeko yokuphucula okuqhubekayo.
Kule post yebhlog, siza kuphonononga ukuba yintoni kanye kanye iNdlela yoHlalutyo yeNgcambu, izibonelelo zayo, kunye nezixhobo ezi-5 eziphambili zeRCA.
Isiqulatho
Yintoni iNqanaba yokuHlalutya iNdlela?
Indlela yokuHlalutya iMbangela yiNdlela ecwangcisiweyo nelungelelanisiweyo esetyenziselwa ukuchonga nokusombulula imiba ngaphakathi kumbutho.
Le ndlela, eyaziwa nangokuthi "uhlalutyo lwengcambu," isebenzisa iindlela ezithile zokufumana izizathu ezisisiseko zeengxaki. Kudlulela ngaphaya kweempawu zomgangatho ophezulu ukufikelela kwingcambu yengxaki. Ngokusebenzisa obu buchule, imibutho inokuchonga imiba ephambili enegalelo kwiingxaki kwaye iphuhlise izisombululo ezisebenzayo.
Le ndlela iyinxalenye yendlela ebanzi egxininisa ukuqonda kunye nokunciphisa izizathu ezisisiseko zokuthintela ukuphinda kweengxaki kunye nokukhuthaza ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo.
Iingenelo zokuhlalutya unobangela wengcambu
- Uthintelo lweNgxaki: Indlela yoHlalutyo yeNqanaba inceda ekuchongeni oonobangela bemiba, ivumela imibutho ukuba iphumeze amanyathelo okuthintela. Ngokujongana nezona zizathu, imibutho inokuthintela ngokuqhubekayo ukuphindaphinda kweengxaki, ukunciphisa ukubakho kwemingeni yexesha elizayo.
- UkuPhuculwa kokwenziwa kwezigqibo: Indlela yoHlalutyo lweMbangela yeNgxaki inika ukuqonda okunzulu kwizinto ezinegalelo kwiingxaki, ivumela ukwenziwa kwezigqibo ezinolwazi. Imibutho inokwenza izigqibo ezicwangcisiweyo nezisebenzayo ngokuqwalasela oonobangela, okukhokelela kulwabiwo olungcono lwezibonelelo kunye nezisombululo zexesha elide.
- Izakhono ezongeziweyo zokuSombulula iNgxaki: Indlela ecwangcisiweyo ye-RCA iphuhlisa izakhono eziqinileyo zokusombulula iingxaki kumaqela. Ikhuthaza uhlalutyo olucokisekileyo, ixhobisa ukukhangela imingeni ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokukhuthaza inkcubeko yophuculo oluqhubekayo.
- UPhuculo lweNkqubo eLungileyo: Ukufumana oonobangela beengcambu kunye neNdlela yoHlalutyo yeNqanaba ivumela imisebenzi elungelelanisiweyo. Oku kukhokelela ekusebenzeni okuphuculweyo, ukunciphisa inkcitho, kunye nokwanda kwemveliso njengoko amaqela egxile ekusombululeni imiba engundoqo ekuhambeni kwawo komsebenzi.
Izixhobo ezi-5 zokuHlalutya iMbangela yeNqaku
Ukuphumeza ngokukuko iNdlela yoHlalutyo yeNqanaba, izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ziqeshwe ukuphanda ngokucwangcisiweyo nokuqonda izinto ezinegalelo kwiingxaki. Apha, siza kuphonononga izixhobo ezintlanu ezibalulekileyo ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi Indlela yokuHlalutya iNgcambu engunobangela.
1/ Idayagram yeFishbone (Ishikawa okanye iCause-and-Effect Diagram):
Umzobo wethambo lentlanzi okanye uhlalutyo lonobangela wendlela ye-fishbone luphawu olubonakalayo olunceda ekwahluleleni nasekuphononongeni oonobangela bengxaki.
Ubume bayo bufana namathambo entlanzi, kunye "namathambo" amele iindidi ezahlukeneyo njengabantu, iinkqubo, izixhobo, indalo, kunye nokunye. Esi sixhobo sikhuthaza ukuphononongwa ngokubanzi kwemibandela eyahlukeneyo ukuze kuchongwe oyena nobangela, ukubonelela ngembono ebanzi ngemeko yengxaki.
Inkqubo ibandakanya iiseshoni zokubonisana ngentsebenziswano apho amalungu eqela afaka igalelo kunobangela onokwenzeka phantsi kwecandelo ngalinye. Ngokuququzelela ngokubonakalayo la magalelo, iqela lifumana ingqiqo kubudlelwane obudibeneyo phakathi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo, ukuququzelela indlela ekujoliswe kuyo ekuhlalutyweni kwengcambu.
2/5 Kutheni:
Indlela ye-5 ye-whys yohlalutyo lwesizathu yindlela ecacileyo kodwa enamandla yokubuza imibuzo ekhuthaza amaqela ukuba abuze ngokuphindaphindiweyo "kutheni" de unobangela osisiseko wengxaki utyhilwe.
Esi sixhobo singena nzulu kwiileya ze-causation, sikhuthaza ukuphononongwa ngokucokisekileyo kwemiba ekhoyo. Ukuphinda-phindwa kombuzo kunceda ukususa iimpawu zomgangatho ophezulu, ukuveza izinto ezisisiseko ezibangela ingxaki.
Indlela ye-5 ye-whys yohlalutyo lwengcambu iyasebenza ngokulula kwayo kunye nokufikeleleka, iyenza ibe sisixhobo esixabisekileyo sokusombulula iingxaki ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuchongwa konobangela. Ikhuthaza inkqubo yovavanyo eqhubekayo ehamba ngaphaya kweempendulo zokuqala ukufikelela entliziyweni yomcimbi.
3/ Uhlalutyo lwePareto:
Uhlalutyo lwePareto, olusekwe kwi Umgaqo wePareto, sisixhobo esinceda ukubeka phambili imiba ngokujolisa kwizinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo kunokuba sinikele ingqalelo kwizinto ezingenamsebenzi ezininzi. Umgaqo ucebisa ukuba malunga ne-80% yeziphumo zivela kwi-20% yezizathu. Kumxholo we-RCA, oku kuthetha ukugxila kwiinzame kwizinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo ezinegalelo elikhulu kule ngxaki.
Ngokusebenzisa uHlahlelo lwePareto, amaqela anokuchonga kwaye abeke phambili iinzame zawo ekujonganeni nezona zizathu zibalulekileyo eziya kuba nempembelelo enkulu ekusonjululweni kwengxaki. Esi sixhobo siluncedo ngakumbi xa izibonelelo zinqongophele, ziqinisekisa indlela ekujoliswe kuyo nesebenzayo kwi-RCA.
4/ Imo Yokusilela kunye noHlahlelo lweMpembelelo (FMEA):
Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa kwimveliso kunye nobunjineli, Indlela yokusilela kunye noHlahlelo lweMpembelelo (FMEA) yindlela ecwangcisiweyo yokuchonga kunye nokubeka phambili iindlela zokungaphumeleli ezinokubakho kwinkqubo. I-FMEA ivavanya uBungqongqo, ukwenzeka, kunye nokuFunyaniswa kokusilela okunokwenzeka, inika amanqaku kwikhrayitheriya nganye.
I-FMEA yindlela enceda amaqela ukuba abeke phambili ukugxila kwawo kwiindawo ezinomngcipheko omkhulu. Ngokuhlalutya impembelelo enokubakho, ukuba nokwenzeka kokwenzeka, kunye nokukwazi ukubona ukusilela, amaqela anokugqiba ukuba yeyiphi imimandla efuna eyona ngqalelo. Oku kuvumela amaqela ukuba abele izixhobo zawo ngokufanelekileyo kwaye alungise imiba enokubakho ngaphambi kokuba ibe yingxaki.
5/ Umzobo wokuSasaza:
I-Scatter Diagram sisixhobo esibonakalayo esiqeshwe kwi-Root Cause Analysis ukuhlola ubudlelwane phakathi kwezinto ezimbini.
Ngokucwangcisa iingongoma zedatha kwigrafu, ityhila iipatheni, ulungelelwaniso, okanye iintsingiselo, ezinceda ekuchongeni unxibelelwano olunokubakho phakathi kwezinto. Lo mfanekiso ubonelela ngendlela ekhawulezayo nelula yokuqonda ubudlelwane phakathi kwedatha.
Nokuba kuvavanywa unobangela-kunye-nomphumo we-dynamics okanye ukuchonga izinto ezinokuthi zibe nefuthe, uMzobo we-Scatter uxabiseke kakhulu ekuqondeni ukudibana kwezinto eziguquguqukayo kunye nokukhokela ukuthathwa kwezigqibo ezicwangcisiweyo zokusombulula iingxaki kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zombutho.
Ezi zixhobo ngokudibeneyo zenza i-toolkit eyomeleleyo yemibutho efuna ukuphumeza uhlalutyo lwe-Root Cause ngokufanelekileyo. Nokuba ubona ubudlelwane obuntsonkothileyo kunye neMizobo ye-Fishbone, ukuphonononga nzulu kunye ne-5 Kutheni, ukubeka phambili iinzame kunye noHlahlelo lwePareto, okanye ukulindela ukungaphumeleli kunye ne-FMEA, isixhobo ngasinye sidlala indima ekhethekileyo ekuchongeni okucwangcisiweyo kunye nesisombululo semiba esisiseko, ukukhuthaza inkcubeko yokuphucula okuqhubekayo ngaphakathi. umbutho.
IItrakthi ezibalulekileyo
Ukuphunyezwa kwendlela yohlalutyo lonobangela ngundoqo kwimibutho ejolise ekusombululeni imingeni ngempumelelo. Ukwamkela iindlela ezicwangcisiweyo, ezifana neeseshoni zokucinga kunye nokuhlelwa ngokweendidi, kuqinisekisa ukuphononongwa ngokucokisekileyo kwemiba esisiseko.
Ukwandisa ezi nzame, ukusebenzisa i-AhaSlides yeentlanganiso kunye neeseshini zokubonisana ngengqondo kuvela njengotshintsho lomdlalo. IAhaSlides iququzelela intsebenziswano yexesha lokwenyani, ibonelela ngezixhobo ezisebenzisanayo zokucinga ngengqondo eziguqukayo kunye nokusombulula iingxaki ngokudibeneyo. Ngokusebenzisa i-AhaSlides, imibutho ayipheleli nje ekufezekiseni inkqubo yohlalutyo lwesizathu kodwa ikwakhuthaza imekobume yokuzibandakanya kunye nokuyila.
FAQs
Ngawaphi amanyathelo ama-5 ohlalutyo lonobangela?
- Chaza Ingxaki: Yichaze ngokucacileyo ingxaki okanye umba ukuze uhlalutywe.
- Qokelela iDatha: Qokelela idatha efanelekileyo enxulumene nengxaki.
- Chonga oonobangela abanokubakho: Thetha ngengqondo ukuze uvelise uluhlu lwezinto ezinokuthi zibe ngunobangela.
- Vavanya oonobangela: Hlalutya oonobangela abachongiweyo, ulinganise ukubaluleka kwabo kunye nokufaneleka kwabo kwingxaki.
- Phumeza izisombululo: Yila kwaye wenze izilungiso ezisekelwe kwiingcambu ezichongiweyo. Ukubeka iliso kwiziphumo zophuculo oluzingileyo.
Yintoni indlela 5 Kutheni?
I-5 Whys bubuchule bokubuza obusetyenziswa kuhlalutyo lwesizathu sokuphonononga ngokuphindaphindiweyo unobangela-kunye-nomphumo wobudlelwane obusemva kwengxaki. Inkqubo ibandakanya ukubuza ukuba “kutheni” ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ngokwesiqhelo amaxesha amahlanu, ukutyhila iileya ezinzulu zesizathu de unobangela ongundoqo uchongwe.
