Abantu kufuneka badlule kwinkqubo yokufunda ukuze bafumane ulwazi. Ifuna utyalo-mali kwixesha kunye nenjongo. Wonke umntu unendawo yokufunda eyodwa kunye namava, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukwandisa inkqubo yokufunda.
Ngokusekelwe koku, uphando lwethiyori ngethiyori yokufunda lwayilwa ukunceda abantu ukuba bafikelele kwimpumelelo yokufunda ephezulu, kwanasekuqulunqweni kwezicwangciso eziliqili zokufunda ezifanelekileyo kunye nokuqinisa nokwandiswa kwempumelelo yabafundi kwimeko-bume yokufunda.
Eli nqaku liza kuhlolisisa i ithiyori yokufunda kwezentlalo, eluncedo kakhulu kubantu abafumana ulwazi kwindawo yabo. Imfundo yentlalontle iya kuvelisa iziphumo ezimangalisayo kunye neenzuzo ezininzi xa iqondwa kakuhle kwaye isetyenziswa. Imfundo yasentlalweni ayisebenzi kuphela kwiindawo zemfundo ezifana nezikolo kodwa nakwiindawo zoshishino.
Ungajongi ngokubhekele phaya, makhe sembe nzulu kancinci.
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Yintoni iTheory yeSocial Learning?
Ixesha elide kakhulu, iingcaphephe kunye nezazinzulu ziye zafunda iindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zokufunda zentlalo. UAlbert Bandura, isazi ngengqondo saseCanada-Amerika, kuthiwa waqamba eli gama ngokwalo. Ngokusekelwe kwithiyori yezentlalo kunye nophando malunga nendlela iimeko zentlalo ezichaphazela ngayo ukuziphatha kwabafundi, udale ithiyori yokufunda yentlalontle.
Le ngcamango yaphinda yaphefumlelwa ngumsebenzi kaTager "Imithetho yokuxelisa". Ukongeza, ithiyori yokufunda yentlalontle kaBandura ithathwa njengombono wokutshintsha uphuculo kuphando lwangaphambili lwesazi sesayikholoji sokuziphatha u-B.F Skinner onamanqaku amabini: Ukufunda ngokujonga okanye ngokuzicingela ngokuzilawulayo kunye nokuzilawula.
Inkcazo yeTheory yeSocial Learning
Ingcinga esemva kwethiyori yokufunda yentlalo kukuba abantu banokufumana ulwazi omnye komnye ngo ukujonga, ukulinganisa, kunye nomzekelo. Olu hlobo lokufunda, olubizwa ngokuba lufundo lokuqwalasela, lunokusetyenziswa ukuchaza iindlela ngeendlela zokuziphatha, kubandakanywa nezo ezinye iithiyori zokufunda zingenako ukuziphendulela.
Omnye wemizekelo eqhelekileyo yethiyori yokufunda yentlalontle kubomi bemihla ngemihla unokuba ngumntu ofunda indlela yokupheka ngokubukela abanye bepheka okanye umntwana efunda indlela yokutya irayisi ngokuchanekileyo ngokubukela umntakwabo okanye umhlobo esenza.
Ukubaluleka kweTheory yeSocial Learning
Kwipsychology kunye nemfundo, imizekelo yethiyori yokufunda yentlalontle ibonwa ngokuqhelekileyo. Esi sisiqalo sokufunda ngendlela okusingqongileyo okunefuthe ngayo kuphuhliso nokufunda komntu.
Inegalelo ekuphenduleni imibuzo efana nokuba kutheni abanye abantwana bephumelela kwiimeko zangoku ngelixa abanye besilela. Ithiyori yokufunda kaBandura, ngokukodwa, igxininisa ukuzimela.
Ithiyori yokufunda yeNtlalo nayo ingasetyenziselwa ukufundisa abantu malunga nokuziphatha okuhle. Abaphandi banokusebenzisa le nkcazo ukuze baqonde kwaye baqonde indlela imizekelo emihle enokusetyenziswa ngayo ukukhuthaza ukuziphatha okunqwenelekayo, kunye nokuzibandakanya kwengqondo, kunye nenkxaso yokutshintsha kwentlalo.
IiNgcebiso eziPhambili kunye neMithetho-siseko yeThiyori yokuFunda kweNtlalo
Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya kwithiyori yokufunda kwengqondo kunye nentlalontle, kubalulekile ukuqonda imigaqo yayo kunye namacandelo aphambili.
ImiGaqo ePhambili yeTheory yokuFunda kweNtlalo
Ithiyori isekwe kwiikhonsepthi ezimbini ezaziwayo zokuziphatha kwengqondo:
Ithiyori yokulungisa imeko, iphuhliswe sisazi ngengqondo saseMelika uB.F. Skinner ichaza iziphumo zempendulo okanye isenzo esichaphazela ukuba nokwenzeka kophindaphindo. Oku kubhekiselele ekusetyenzisweni kwemivuzo kunye nezohlwayo ukulawula ukuziphatha komntu. Le yindlela esetyenziswa kuyo yonke into ukusuka ekukhuliseni umntwana ukuya kuqeqesho lwe-AI.
Ithiyori yeClassical Conditioning, eyaphuhliswa sisazi ngengqondo saseRashiya uIvan Pavlov, ibhekisa kunxibelelwano lwezivuseleli ezibini engqondweni yomfundi ukudala unxulumano olunempembelelo yomzimba.
Waqala ukujonga ubuntu njengenkqubo yokunxibelelana phakathi kwezixa ezintathu: (1) Okusingqongileyo – (2) Ukuziphatha – (3) Ingqondo inkqubo yophuhliso lomntu.
Wafumanisa ukuba ngokusebenzisa uvavanyo loonodoli be-boho, aba bantwana batshintsha indlela abaziphatha ngayo ngaphandle kwemfuneko yokuvuzwa okanye ukubala kwangaphambili. Ukufunda kwenzeka ngenxa yoqwalaselo endaweni yokomeleza, njengoko iingcali zokuziphatha ngelo xesha zazixoxa. Inkcazo yabaxeli bokuziphatha bangaphambili yokufunda ngempendulo yovuselelo, ngokutsho kweBandura, yayilula kakhulu kwaye yayinganelanga ukuchaza konke ukuziphatha kunye neemvakalelo zomntu.
Imigaqo-siseko yeThiyori yokuFunda kweNtlalo
Ngokusekwe kwezi ngcamango zimbini, kunye nophando lobuchule, uBandura ucebise imigaqo emibini yokufunda kwezentlalo:
#1. Funda kuqwalaselo okanye kwintetho esetyenziswayo
Ithiyori yokufunda ngentlalontle inamacandelo amane:
ingqalelo
Ukuba sifuna ukufunda okuthile, simele silathise iingcinga zethu. Ngokufanayo, nakuphi na ukuphazamiseka ekugxininiseni kunciphisa amandla okufunda ngokuqwalasela. Awuzukwazi ukufunda kakuhle ukuba uyozela, udiniwe, uphazamisekile, uneziyobisi, ubhidekile, uyagula, uyoyika, okanye ngenye indlela. Ngokufanayo, sihlala siphazamiseka xa kukho ezinye izivuseleli.
Ukugcinwa
Ukukwazi ukugcina inkumbulo yoko siye sagxininisa ingqalelo yethu kuyo. Siyakhumbula into esiyibonileyo kumzekelo ngendlela yolandelelwano lwemifanekiso yengqondo okanye iinkcazo zomlomo; kwamanye amabinzana, abantu bakhumbula oko bakubonayo. Khumbula kwimo yemifanekiso kunye nolwimi ukuze siyikhuphe kwaye siyisebenzise xa siyidinga. Abantu baya kukhumbula izinto ezenza umdla omkhulu kubo kangangexesha elide.
Ukuphindaphinda
Ukulandela ingqalelo kunye nokugcinwa, umntu uya kuguqulela imifanekiso yengqondo okanye iinkcazo zeelwimi zibe yindlela yokwenene yokuziphatha. Ubuchule bethu bokuxelisa buya kuba bhetele ukuba siphinda oko sikubonileyo ngezenzo zokwenene; abantu abanakufunda nto ngaphandle kokuqhelisela. Kwelinye icala, ukuzicingela silawula indlela yokuziphatha kuya kwandisa amathuba ethu okuphindaphinda.
Isizathu
Lo ngumba obalulekileyo wokufunda umsebenzi omtsha. Sinemizekelo emihle, inkumbulo, namandla okuxelisa, kodwa asiyi kukwazi ukufunda ngaphandle kokuba sinesizathu sokuxelisa ihambo. sebenza kakuhle. U-Bandura uchaze ngokungathandabuzekiyo ukuba kutheni sikhuthazwa:
a. Olona phawu luphambili lokuziphatha ngokwesiko kukuqiniswa kwangaphambili.
b. Ukomelezwa kuthenjiswa njengomvuzo oyintsomi.
c. Ukuqiniswa okucacileyo, isiganeko apho sibona kwaye sikhumbule ipateni eqiniweyo.
d. Isohlwayo kwixesha elidlulileyo.
e. Isohlwayo sithenjisiwe.
f. Isohlwayo esingachazwanga ngokucacileyo.
#2. Imeko yengqondo ibalulekile
NgokukaBandura, ezinye izinto ngaphandle kokuqiniswa kwendalo zinempembelelo kwindlela yokuziphatha nokufunda. Ngokutsho kwakhe, ukomelezwa kwangaphakathi luhlobo lomvuzo osuka ngaphakathi emntwini kwaye ubandakanya iimvakalelo zokuzingca, ulwaneliseko, kunye nempumelelo. Inxulumanisa iithiyori zokufunda kunye nokuphuhliswa kwengqondo ngokugxininisa kwiingcamango zangaphakathi kunye nemibono. Nangona iithiyori zokufunda kwezentlalo kunye neethiyori zokuziphatha zihlala zixutywa ezincwadini, uBandura ubhekisa kwindlela yakhe “njengendlela yokuqonda intlalo yoluntu yokufunda” ukuhlula kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo.
#3. Ukuzibamba
Ukuzithiba yinkqubo yokulawula ukuziphatha kwethu, le yindlela yokusebenza eyenza umntu ngamnye wethu. Ucebisa ezi zenzo zintathu zilandelayo:
- Ukuzijonga: Sihlala sinomlinganiselo othile wokulawula indlela esiziphatha ngayo xa sizihlola thina nezenzo zethu.
- Uvavanyo olwenziwe ngabom: Sithelekisa oko sikubonayo kunye nesakhelo sereferensi. Ngokomzekelo, sisoloko sihlola indlela esiziphatha ngayo ngokuyithelekisa nemilinganiselo yasekuhlaleni eyamkelekileyo, njengemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, indlela esiphila ngayo kunye nemizekelo emihle. Kungenjalo, sinokuseta iikhrayitheriya zethu, ezinokuthi zibe phezulu okanye zibe ngaphantsi kunesiqhelo soshishino.
- Umsebenzi wokuziphendula: Siya kusebenzisa i-self-feedback function ukuze sizivuze ukuba siyakuvuyela ukuzithelekisa nemigangatho yethu. Kwakhona sivame ukusebenzisa umsebenzi wokuziphendulela ukuze sizisole ukuba singonwabanga ngeziphumo zokuthelekisa. Ezi zakhono zokuzibonakalisa zingabonakaliswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nokunandipha isitya sepho njengomvuzo, ukubona ifilimu enkulu, okanye ukuziva ulungile. Kungenjalo, siya kungcungcutheka kwaye sizigwebe ngengqumbo nokunganeliseki.
Related:
Ukusetyenziswa kweThiyori yokuFunda kweNtlalo
Indima yooTitshala nooNtanga ekuququzeleleni iMfundo yeNtlalo
Kwimfundo, ukufunda kwezentlalo kwenzeka xa abafundi bejonge ootitshala okanye oontanga babo kwaye balinganisa indlela abaziphatha ngayo ukuze bathathe izakhono ezitsha. Ibonelela ngamathuba okufunda ukuba kwenzeke kwiisethingi ezahlukeneyo nakumanqanaba amaninzi, onke axhomekeke kakhulu kwinkuthazo.
Ukuze abafundi basebenzise izakhono ezisandul’ ukufunyanwa baze bafumane ulwazi oluhlala luhleli, kufuneka baqonde iingenelo zokuzama into entsha. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kudla ngokuba luluvo olulungileyo ukusebenzisa ukomeleza okuqinisekileyo njengenkxaso yokufunda yabafundi.
Eklasini, ithiyori yokufunda yentlalontle inokusetyenziswa ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:
- Ukutshintsha indlela esifundisa ngayo
- Uhlengahlengiso
- Abahlohli abasebenzisa inkuthazo ukomeleza ukufunda okukhuthazwa ngaphakathi
- Ukuqinisa ubudlelwane kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwabafundi
- Ukuphononongwa koontanga, ukufundisa koontanga, okanye ukucetyiswa koontanga
- Iintetho okanye iividiyo ezenziwe ngabafundi
- Ukuqaphela kunye nokuvuza abafundi ababonakalisa ukuziphatha okufunayo
- iingxoxo
- Ukudlala indima eyenziwe ngabafundi okanye ukutyibilika kwevidiyo
- Kubekwe iliso ekusetyenzisweni kwemidiya yoluntu
Indawo yokusebenzela kunye neNdawo yoMbutho
Amashishini anokufaka isicelo sokufunda kwezentlalo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Xa amacebo okufunda entlalontle adityaniswa ngokwendalo kubomi bemihla ngemihla, anokuba yindlela yokufunda esebenzayo. Abantu abafunda ngcono kwiindawo zentlalo banokuzuza kakhulu kwimfundo yentlalontle, eyibhonasi kumashishini anqwenela ukuphumeza le ngcamango yokufunda ngaphakathi kwabasebenzi babo.
Kukho iindlela ezininzi onokukhetha kuzo ukudibanisa ukufunda kwezentlalo kwimfundo yenkampani, nganye ifuna amanqanaba ahlukeneyo omsebenzi.
- Funda ngentsebenziswano.
- Fumana ulwazi ngeIdea Generation
- Njengomzekelo, uthelekiso lobuNkokheli obuqhelekileyo
- Intsebenziswano yemidiya yoluntu
- Hambisa ngeWebhu
- Utshintshiselwano lweZifundo zeNtlalo
- Ulawulo lolwazi kwimfundo yentlalontle
- Isixhobo semfundo esibandakanyekayo
Uzakha njani iiNkqubo zoQeqesho eziSebenzayo usebenzisa ithiyori yokuFunda yeNtlalo
Ukufundiswa kwezenhlalakahle kwenzeka kwindawo yokusebenzela xa abantu bejonga abo basebenza nabo kwaye banikele ingqalelo kwizinto abazenzayo kunye nendlela abazenza ngayo. Ke ngoko, ezi ngqwalasela zilandelayo kufuneka zenziwe ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo zoqeqesho ezisebenzayo ngokusebenzisa ithiyori yezentlalo ngempumelelo kangangoko kunokwenzeka:
- Khuthaza abantu ukuba babelane ngeembono zabo ezizodwa, iikhonsepthi, amabali kunye namava.
- Ukuseka uthungelwano lokucebisa ngaphakathi kuluntu
- Yandisa ulwazi ngokwakha indawo yokusebenzela apho abasebenzi banokuncokola kwaye batshintshiselane ngezimvo kuluhlu olubanzi lwezifundo, kwaye benze umbono wekamva.
- Khuthaza intsebenziswano esebenzayo rhoqo, ukucela kunye nokwamkela uncedo omnye komnye, ukuphucula ukusebenza kweqela, kunye nokwabelana ngolwazi.
- Yilungise imiba ngoko nangoko.
- Khuthaza isimo sengqondo sokuphulaphula abanye njengoko bephendula imibuzo yabo.
- Yenza abacebisi kubasebenzi abanamava ukunceda ukuqeshwa abatsha.
IItrakthi ezibalulekileyo
💡 Ukuba ujonge esona sixhobo sokugqibela semfundo esinceda ukwenza inkqubo yokufunda ibandakanye ngakumbi kwaye inike umdla, yiya IAhaSlides ngoku nangoku. Olu lusetyenziso olufanelekileyo lokufunda ngentsebenziswano kunye nokufunda ngentsebenziswano, apho abafundi bafunda kwiindibano ezahlukeneyo zengqiqo ezifana neekhwizi, ukungqubanisa iingqondo kunye neengxoxo-mpikiswano.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Ithini imbono ephambili yethiyori yokufunda kwezentlalo?
Ngokutsho kwenkcazo yentlalo yoluntu, abantu bathatha izakhono zentlalo ngokujonga kunye nokuxelisa izenzo zabanye. Eyona ndlela ilula yokuba abantwana bafunde ukuziphatha kwezentlalo, ngakumbi kwimeko yabancinci, kukujonga kunye nokubukela abazali okanye amanye amanani abalulekileyo.
Zeziphi iithiyori ezi-5 zokufunda kwezentlalo?
UAlbert Bandura Bandura, owavelisa ingcamango yethiyori yokufunda kwezentlalo, ucebisa ukuba ukufunda kwenzeka xa kusenzeka izinto ezintlanu:
Ukuqwalaselwa
ingqalelo
Ukugcinwa
Ukuzaliswa
Isizathu
Uthini umahluko phakathi kweSkinner kunye neBandura?
U-Bandura (1990) uphuhlise ithiyori yokumisela uhlengahlengiso, eyikhabayo ithiyori ka-Skinner yokuba ukuziphatha kumiselwa kuphela yimo engqongileyo kwaye endaweni yoko ibambe ukuba ukuziphatha, umxholo, kunye neenkqubo zokuqonda zisebenzisana, ziphembelela kwaye ziphenjelelwe ngabanye ngaxeshanye.
