Ukulawula iprojekthi kufana nokukhokela iokhestra. Wonke amalungu kufuneka asebenzisane ukuze afezekise umsebenzi wobugcisa. Kodwa ukwenza yonke into ihambe kakuhle ngumceli mngeni wokwenyani ngeengxaki ezinje ngeendawo ezingahambelaniyo, iimpazamo ezenzekayo, kunye nethuba lokuba yonke into ingaphuma kucwangco.
Kulapho i Ubume bokwahlulwa komsebenzi kulawulo lweprojekthi (WBS) ingena. Yicinge njengokhuni lomqhubi onceda ukugcina inxalenye yeprojekthi isebenza kunye kakuhle.
Kule posi yebhlog, siza kuntywila kwingqikelelo yoLwakhiwo loLwahlulo loMsebenzi kulawulo lweprojekthi, siphonononga iimpawu zayo eziphambili, sibonelela ngemizekelo, sichaza amanyathelo okudala enye, kunye nokuxoxa ngezixhobo ezinokunceda ekuphuhliseni.
Isiqulatho
- Yintoni uLwakhiwo loLwahlulo lomsebenzi kuLawulo lweProjekthi?
- Iimpawu eziphambili zoLwakhiwo loLwahlulo loMsebenzi kuLawulo lweProjekthi
- Umahluko phakathi kwe-WBS kunye neShedyuli yoKuchithwa komsebenzi
- Imizekelo yoLwakhiwo loLwahlulo loMsebenzi kuLawulo lweProjekthi
- Indlela yokudala uLwakhiwo loLwahlulo loMsebenzi kuLawulo lweProjekthi
- Izixhobo zoLwakhiwo loLwahlulo lomsebenzi kuLawulo lweProjekthi
- Okukwintsusa
Iingcebiso ezingakumbi ngeAhaSlides
Yintoni uLwakhiwo loLwahlulo lomsebenzi kuLawulo lweProjekthi?
I-Work Breakdown Structure kulawulo lweprojekthi (WBS) sisixhobo sokudiliza iprojekthi ibe ngamacandelo amancinci kwaye alawuleke ngakumbi. Oku kuvumela abaphathi beprojekthi ukuba bachonge imisebenzi yomntu ngamnye, ukuhanjiswa, kunye neepakethe zomsebenzi ezifunekayo ukugqiba iprojekthi. Inika isishwankathelo esicacileyo nesicwangcisiweyo sento ekufuneka yenziwe.
I-WBS sisixhobo esisisiseko kwi ulawulo lweprokjekthi kuba ibonelela ngesakhelo esicacileyo sento ekufuneka yenziwe:
- Cwangcisa kwaye uchaze umda weprojekthi ngokufanelekileyo.
- Phuhlisa uqikelelo oluchanekileyo lwexesha, iindleko kunye nezixhobo.
- Yabela imisebenzi kunye noxanduva.
- Landela inkqubela kwaye uchonge imingcipheko enokubakho okanye imiba kwangethuba.
- Ukuphucula unxibelelwano kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kweqela leprojekthi.
Iimpawu eziphambili zoLwakhiwo loLwahlulo loMsebenzi kuLawulo lweProjekthi
I-WBS iqala ngeprojekthi njengenqanaba eliphezulu kwaye emva koko yahlulahlulwe yangamanqanaba amancinci anika iinkcukacha zeendawo ezincinci zeprojekthi. La manqanaba angabandakanya izigaba, ukunikezelwa, imisebenzi, kunye ne-subtasks, zonke eziyimfuneko ekugqityweni kweprojekthi. Ukuqhekeka kuyaqhubeka de iprojekthi ihlulwe ibe ngamaphakheji omsebenzi amancinci ngokwaneleyo ukuba abelwe kwaye alawulwe ngokufanelekileyo.
Iimpawu eziphambili zeWBS ziquka:
- Uluhlu: Umbono obonakalayo, owenziwe ngumthi wazo zonke izinto zeprojekthi, ukusuka kwinqanaba eliphezulu ukuya kwiiphakheji zomsebenzi eziphantsi.
- Ukwahluka omnye komnye: Into nganye kwi-WBS yahlukile ngaphandle kokudibana, iqinisekisa izabelo ezicacileyo kunye nokuphepha ukuphindaphinda iinzame.
- Isiphumo esichaziweyo: Inqanaba ngalinye le-WBS linesiphumo esichaziweyo okanye esinokuhanjiswa, okwenza kube lula ukulinganisa inkqubela kunye nokusebenza.
- Iipakethe zomsebenzi: Iiyunithi ezincinci ze-WBS, iipakethi zomsebenzi zineenkcukacha ngokwaneleyo ukuba amalungu eqela leprojekthi anokuqonda oko kufuneka kwenziwe, ukuqikelela iindleko kunye nexesha ngokuchanekileyo, kunye nokwabela uxanduva.
Umahluko phakathi kwe-WBS kunye neShedyuli yoKuchithwa komsebenzi
Nangona zombini zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo kulawulo lweprojekthi, zikhonza iinjongo ezahlukeneyo.
Ukuwuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini kubalulekile kucwangciso olusebenzayo kunye nokwenziwa.
| uphawu | Ulwakhiwo loLwahlulo lomsebenzi (WBS) | IShedyuli yoKwahlulwa komsebenzi (iShedyuli yeWBS) |
| Gxi ninisa | Intoni iyahanjiswa | Nini inikezelwe |
| Inqanaba leenkcukacha | Iinkcukacha ezincinci (amalungu amakhulu) | Iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe (ubude, ukuxhomekeka) |
| Injongo | Ichaza umda weprojekthi, izinto ezinokunikezelwa | Yenza ixesha leprojekthi |
| Ku sindiswa | Uxwebhu loluhlu (umzekelo, umthi) | Itshathi yeGantt okanye isixhobo esifanayo |
| Ulwabiwo | Uluhlu lwegrosari (izinto) | Isicwangciso sokutya (yintoni, nini, kuphekwa njani) |
| umzekelo | Izigaba zeprojekthi, ezinokunikezelwa | Ubude bomsebenzi, ukuxhomekeka |
Isishwankathelo, uLwakhiwo loLwahlulo loMsebenzi luqhekeza "Intoni" yeprojekthi-echaza wonke umsebenzi obandakanyekayo-ngelixa ishedyuli yokuqhekeka komsebenzi (okanye ishedyuli yeprojekthi) ijongana ne "nini" ngokucwangcisa le misebenzi ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Imizekelo yoLwakhiwo loLwahlulo loMsebenzi kuLawulo lweProjekthi
Kukho iifomathi ezahlukeneyo uLwakhiwo loLwahlulo loMsebenzi kuLawulo lweProjekthi olunokusetyenziswa. Nazi ezinye iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zokuqwalasela:
1/ WBS Spreadsheet:
Le fomati ilungile ekulungiseleleni imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo okanye imisebenzi ngexesha lesigaba sokucwangcisa iprojekthi.
- eziluncedo: Kulula ukucwangcisa imisebenzi, yongeza iinkcukacha, kwaye ulungise.
- bendlela: Inokuba nkulu kwaye ingabinamandla kwiiprojekthi ezinzima.
2/ Itshati yokuHamba yeWBS:
Ukunikezela ngoLwakhiwo loLwahlulo loMsebenzi kuLawulo lweProjekthi njengetshati equkuqelayo lwenza lula ukubonwa kwawo onke amacandelo eprojekthi, nokuba yahlulwe ngokweqela, udidi, okanye inqanaba.
- eziluncedo: Ibonisa ngokucacileyo ubudlelwane kunye nokuxhomekeka phakathi kwemisebenzi.
- bendlela: Isenokungalungeli iiprojekthi ezilula, kwaye zinokubonakala zibhidekile.
3/ Uluhlu lweWBS:
Ukudwelisa uluhlu lwemisebenzi okanye imihla ebekiweyo kwi-WBS yakho inokuba yindlela ethe ngqo yokugcina umkhondo wenkqubela-phambili ngokukhawuleza.
- eziluncedo: Ilula kwaye imfutshane, ilungele ukuphononongwa okuphezulu.
- bendlela: Uswele iinkcukacha kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwemisebenzi.
4/ Itshathi ye-WBS Gantt:
Ifomathi yetshathi yeGantt yeWBS yakho ibonelela ngomgca wexesha ocacileyo weprojekthi yakho, ikwenza kube lula ukuqonda ishedyuli yeprojekthi iyonke.
- eziluncedo: Igqwesileyo yokubona amaxesha eprojekthi kunye nokucwangcisa.
- bendlela: Ifuna inzame ezongezelelweyo ukuyila kunye nokugcina.
Indlela yokudala uLwakhiwo loLwahlulo loMsebenzi kuLawulo lweProjekthi
Nasi isikhokelo sokwenza uLwakhiwo loLwahlulo loMsebenzi kulawulo lweprojekthi:
Amanyathelo ama-6 okudala i-WBS kuLawulo lweProjekthi:
- Chaza umda weprojekthi kunye neenjongo: Cacisa ngokucacileyo iinjongo zeprojekthi kunye noko kufuneka kunikezelwe.
- Chonga izigaba eziphambili zeprojekthi: Yahlula-hlula iprojekthi ibe ngamanqanaba aqiqiweyo, alawulekayo (umzekelo, ukucwangcisa, ukuyila, uphuhliso, uvavanyo, ukusasazwa).
- Dwelisa izinto ezinkulu ezinokuhanjiswa: Kwinqanaba ngalinye, chonga iziphumo okanye iimveliso eziphambili (umz., amaxwebhu, iiprototypes, imveliso yokugqibela).
- Hlukanisa izinto ezinokuhanjiswa zibe yimisebenzi: Ngokubhekele phaya yahlula yonke into enikezelwayo ibe yimisebenzi emincinci, enokusetyenzwa. Injongo yemisebenzi elawulekayo kwiiyure ezisi-8-80.
- Cokisa kwaye usulungekise: Ukuphonononga ukugqibelela kwe-WBS, uqinisekise ukuba yonke imisebenzi eyimfuneko ibandakanyiwe kwaye akukho kuphindwaphindwa. Khangela uluhlu olucacileyo kunye neziphumo ezichaziweyo kwinqanaba ngalinye.
- Yabela iipakethi zomsebenzi: Chaza ubunini obucacileyo bomsebenzi ngamnye, ukwabela abantu okanye amaqela.
Iingcebiso ezingcono:
- Gxininisa kwiziphumo, hayi kwizenzo: Imisebenzi kufuneka ichaze oko kufuneka kuphunyezwe, hayi amanyathelo athile. (umz., “Bhala imanyuwali yomsebenzisi” endaweni yokuthi “Thayipha imiyalelo”).
- Yigcine ilawuleka: Injongo kumanqanaba angama-3-5 oluhlu, ukulinganisa iinkcukacha kunye nokucaca.
- Sebenzisa imiboniso: Imizobo okanye iitshati zinokunceda ukuqonda nokunxibelelana.
- Fumana ingxelo: Bandakanya amalungu eqela ekuphononongeni nasekusulungekiseni i-WBS, ukuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu uyayiqonda indima yakhe.
Izixhobo zoLwakhiwo loLwahlulo lomsebenzi kuLawulo lweProjekthi
Nazi ezinye izixhobo ezidumileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza iWBS:
1. Iprojekthi yeMicrosoft
Project Microsoft -Isoftware yolawulo lweprojekthi ekhokelayo evumela abasebenzisi ukuba benze imizobo ye-WBS eneenkcukacha, ukulandelela inkqubela, nokulawula izixhobo ngempumelelo.
2. Qhuba
Qhubeka sisixhobo solawulo lweprojekthi esekwe kwilifu esinika imisebenzi eyomeleleyo yokudala iWBS, kunye nentsebenziswano kunye neempawu zokulandelela iprojekthi yexesha lokwenyani.
3. ILucidchart
Lucidchart yindawo yokusebenza ebonwayo ebonelela ngomzobo kunye nokubonwa kwedatha ukwenza iitshathi ze-WBS, iitshati ezijikelezayo, kunye neminye imizobo yombutho.
4 Trello
Trello - Isixhobo esiguquguqukayo, esisekelwe kwikhadi lolawulo lweprojekthi apho ikhadi ngalinye lingamela umsebenzi okanye inxalenye yeWBS. Ilungile kulawulo lomsebenzi obonakalayo.
5. Ingqondo yengqondo
Ingqondo – Isixhobo solawulo lweprojekthi esijolise kwimephu yengqondo, ukucwangciswa kweprojekthi, kunye nolawulo lomsebenzi, okuvumela ukuyilwa kweetshathi zeWBS ezineenkcukacha.
6. I-Smartsheet
IShararethi – Isixhobo sokulawula iprojekthi ye-intanethi edibanisa ukukhululeka kokusetyenziswa kwespredishithi kunye nokusebenza kweprojekthi yolawulo lweprojekthi, efanelekileyo ekudaleni iitemplates zeWBS.
Okukwintsusa
I-Work Breakdown Structure sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kulawulo lweprojekthi. Inceda ukulungelelanisa iprojekthi ibe yimisebenzi emincinci ekulula ukuyilawula. I-WBS inokucacisa iinjongo zeprojekthi kunye nezinto ezinokufezekiswa kwaye yenze ucwangciso, ulwabiwo lwezibonelelo, kunye nokulandelwa kwenkqubela phambili kusebenze ngakumbi.
💡Ngaba udiniwe yindlela endala, ekruqulayo yokwenza i-WBS? Ewe, lixesha lokutshintsha izinto! Ngezixhobo ezisebenzisanayo ezifana IAhaSlides, ungathatha iWBS yakho ukuya kwinqanaba elilandelayo. Yiba nomfanekiso ngqondweni kwaye uqokelele ingxelo kwiqela lakho ngexesha langempela, lonke ngelixa usenza indawo ebandakanyayo kunye nesebenzisanayo. Ngokusebenzisana, iqela lakho linokudala isicwangciso esibanzi esonyusa isimilo kwaye siqinisekise ukuba izimvo zomntu wonke ziyaviwa. 🚀 Phonononga wethu itemplates ukuphucula isicwangciso sakho solawulo lweprojekthi namhlanje!
Ref: Forbes | Adobe | Umlawuli weprojekt
