Nokuba ulawula iiprojekthi, uqhuba ishishini, okanye usebenza njenge-freelancer, iprojekthi idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqhubeni ukukhula kwemodeli yeshishini lakho. Inika indlela ecwangcisiweyo necwangcisiweyo yokuvavanya ukusebenza kweprojekthi, ukukhomba iindawo ezifuna ukuphuculwa, kunye nokufikelela kwiziphumo ezizezona zilungileyo. 

Kule blog post, siza kungena kuphononongo lweprojekthi, sifumane inkcazelo yayo, izibonelelo, amacandelo aphambili, iindidi, imizekelo yovavanyo lweprojekthi, ingxelo yasemva kovavanyo, kunye nokudala inkqubo yovavanyo lweprojekthi.

Makhe sijonge ukuba uvavanyo lweprojekthi lunokulithatha njani ishishini lakho liye kwinqanaba eliphezulu.

Isiqulatho

• Yintoni uVavanyo lweProjekthi?
• Inzuzo yoVavanyo lweProjekthi
• Amacandelo angundoqo woVavanyo lweProjekthi
• Iindidi zoVavanyo lweProjekthi
• Imizekelo yoVavanyo lweProjekthi
• Inyathelo-nge-nyathelo Ukwenza uVavanyo lweProjekthi
• UVavanyo lweSithuba (iNgxelo) 
• Isakhelo soVavanyo lweProjekthi
• IItrakthi ezibalulekileyo
• FAQs

Iingcebiso zokuthethana ngcono

• Ulawulo lweprokjekthi
• Ukucwangcisa iPoker kwi-Intanethi
• Isoftware yoLawulo lweProjekthi

Yintoni uVavanyo lweProjekthi?

Uvavanyo lweprojekthi luvavanyo lwentsebenzo yeprojekthi, impumelelo kunye neziphumo. Ibandakanya idatha ukubona ukuba iprojekthi ihlalutya iinjongo zayo kwaye yadibana neendlela zokuphumelela. 

Uvavanyo lweprojekthi idlulela ngaphaya komlinganiselo nje weziphumo nezinto ezinokuziswa; ihlola impembelelo kunye nexabiso eliveliswa yiprojekthi.

Ngokufunda kwinto esebenzayo nengazange isebenze, imibutho inokuphucula ucwangciso lwayo kwaye yenze utshintsho ukuze ifumane iziphumo ezingcono nangakumbi kwixesha elizayo. Kufana nokuthatha inyathelo emva ukuze ubone umfanekiso omkhulu kwaye ufumane indlela yokwenza izinto zibe yimpumelelo ngakumbi.

Inzuzo yoVavanyo lweProjekthi

Uvavanyo lweprojekthi lubonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi eziphambili ezinegalelo kwimpumelelo kunye nokukhula kombutho, kubandakanya:

• Iphucula ukwenziwa kwezigqibo: Inceda imibutho ivavanye ukusebenza kweprojekthi, ichonge iinkalo zokuphucula, kwaye iqonde izinto ezinegalelo kwimpumelelo okanye ekungaphumelelini. Ngoko ke banokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi oluthe chatha malunga nolwabiwo lwezibonelelo, ukubeka phambili iiprojekthi, kunye nocwangciso lobuchule.
• Iyakwandisa ukusebenza kweprojekthi:Ngovavanyo lweprojekthi, imibutho inokuchonga amandla kunye nobuthathaka kwiiprojekthi zayo. Oku kubavumela ukuba baphumeze amanyathelo okulungisa ukuphucula iziphumo zeprojekthi.
• Kuyanceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko:Ngokuhlola rhoqo inkqubela yeprojekthi, imibutho inokuchonga imingcipheko enokubakho kwaye ithathe izisombululo zokunciphisa amathuba okulibaziseka kweprojekthi, ukugqithiswa kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, kunye neminye imiba engalindelekanga.
• Iyakhuthaza ukuphucula okuqhubekayo:Ngokuhlalutya ukusilela kweprojekthi, imibutho inokuphucula iindlela zayo zokulawula iprojekthi, le ndlela yokuphindaphinda yokuphucula iqhuba izinto ezintsha, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nempumelelo yeprojekthi iyonke.
• Iphucula uthethathethwano nabachaphazelekayo kunye nokwaneliseka:Ukuphonononga iziphumo kunye nokuqokelela ingxelo yabachaphazelekayo kwenza ukuba imibutho iqonde iimfuno zabo, abakulindeleyo kunye namanqanaba okwaneliseka.  
• Ikhuthaza ukungafihli:Iziphumo zovavanyo zinokugqithiswa kwabo bachaphazelekayo, zibonise ukungafihli kunye nokwakha ukuthembana. Iziphumo zibonelela ngovavanyo lwentsebenzo yenjongo yeprojekthi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iiprojekthi zihambelana neenjongo ezicwangcisiweyo kunye nezibonelelo zisetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo.  

Amacandelo angundoqo woVavanyo lweProjekthi

1/ Iinjongo ezicacileyo kunye neenqobo zokugweba

Uvavanyo lweprojekthi luqala ngokuseka iinjongo ezicacileyo kunye neendlela zokulinganisa impumelelo. Ezi njongo kunye neenqobo zokugweba zibonelela ngesikhokelo sovavanyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ulungelelwaniso neenjongo zeprojekthi.

Nantsi eminye imizekelo yesicwangciso sovavanyo lweprojekthi kunye nemibuzo enokunceda ekuchazeni iinjongo ezicacileyo kunye neenqobo zokugweba:

Imibuzo yokuchaza iiNjongo ezicacileyo:

1. Zeziphi iinjongo ezithile esifuna ukuziphumeza ngale projekthi?
2. Zeziphi iziphumo ezilinganisekayo okanye iziphumo esijolise kuzo?
3. Sinokuyilinganisa njani impumelelo yale projekthi?
4. Ngaba iinjongo ziyinyani kwaye ziyafikeleleka kwizibonelelo ezinikiweyo kunye nexesha elimisiweyo?
5. Ngaba iinjongo zihambelana nezinto eziphambili ngobuchule zombutho?

Imizekelo yeNqobo yoVavanyo:

1. Ukusebenza kweendleko:Ukuphonononga ukuba ngaba iprojekthi yagqitywa kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olwabiweyo kunye nexabiso lemali elinikezelweyo.
2. Timeline: Ukuphonononga ukuba ngaba iprojekthi yagqitywa ngokweshedyuli ecwangcisiweyo kwaye yafikelela kwimigama esele ilindelwe.
3. umgangatho: Ukuphonononga ukuba ngaba ukunikezelwa kweprojekthi kunye neziphumo ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yobulunga emiselweyo.
4. Ukwaneliseka kwabachaphazelekayo:Qokelela ingxelo evela kwabachaphazelekayo ukulinganisa inqanaba lokwaneliseka kwabo ngeziphumo zeprojekthi.
5. Impact: Ukulinganisa impembelelo ebanzi yeprojekthi kumbutho, abathengi kunye noluntu.

2/ Ukuqokelelwa kwedatha kunye noHlalutyo

Uvavanyo olusebenzayo lweprojekthi luxhomekeke ekuqokeleleni idatha efanelekileyo ukuvavanya ukusebenza kweprojekthi. Oku kubandakanya ukuqokelela idatha yobungakanani kunye nomgangatho ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezifana nophando, udliwano-ndlebe, imigqaliselo, kunye nohlalutyo lwamaxwebhu. 

Idatha eqokelelweyo ke ihlalutywe ukufumana ulwazi malunga namandla eprojekthi, ubuthathaka, kunye nokusebenza ngokubanzi. Nantsi eminye imizekelo yemibuzo xa ulungiselela ukuqokelela nokuhlalutya idatha:

• Yeyiphi idatha ethile ekufuneka iqokelelwe ukuvavanya ukusebenza kweprojekthi?
• Zeziphi iindlela kunye nezixhobo eziya kusetyenziswa ukuqokelela idatha efunekayo (umz., uphando, udliwano-ndlebe, imigqaliselo, uhlalutyo lwamaxwebhu)?
• Ngoobani abathathi-nxaxheba abaphambili ekufuneka kuqokelelwe kubo idatha?
• Ingaba inkqubo yokuqokelela idatha iya kucwangciswa njani kwaye ilungelelaniswe ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka nokugqibelela?

3/ Umlinganiselo wokuSebenza

Umlinganiselo wokwenziwa komsebenzi ubandakanya ukuhlola inkqubela yeprojekthi, iziphumo kunye neziphumo malunga neenjongo ezimiselweyo kunye neenqobo zokugweba. Ibandakanya ukulandelela izalathisi eziphambili zokusebenza (KPIs) kunye nokuvavanya ukubambelela kweprojekthi kwiishedyuli, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, imigangatho yomgangatho, kunye neemfuno zabachaphazelekayo.

4/ Uthethathethwano lwabachaphazelekayo

Abachaphazelekayo ngabantu okanye amaqela achaphazeleka ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo yiprojekthi okanye anomdla obonakalayo kwiziphumo zayo. Banokubandakanya abaxhasi beprojekthi, amalungu eqela, abasebenzisi bokugqibela, abathengi, amalungu oluntu, kunye namanye amaqela afanelekileyo. 

Ukubandakanya abachaphazelekayo kwinkqubo yovavanyo lweprojekthi kuthetha ukubabandakanya kunye nokufuna iimbono zabo, impendulo, kunye nokuqonda. Ngokubandakanya abachaphazelekayo, iimbono namava abo ahlukeneyo ayaqwalaselwa, kuqinisekiswa uphononongo olubanzi.

5/ Ingxelo kunye noNxibelelwano

Inxalenye yokugqibela engundoqo yovavanyo lweprojekthi kukunika ingxelo kunye nonxibelelwano lweziphumo zovavanyo. Oku kubandakanya ukulungiselela ingxelo yovavanyo ebanzi enika iziphumo, izigqibo kunye nezindululo. 

Unxibelelwano olusebenzayo lweziphumo zovavanyo luqinisekisa ukuba abachaphazelekayo bayaziswa malunga nentsebenzo yeprojekthi, izifundo ezifundiweyo, kunye neendawo ezinokuthi ziphuculwe.

Iindidi zoVavanyo lweProjekthi

Kukho iintlobo ezine ezingundoqo zovavanyo lweprojekthi ngokubanzi:

#1 - Uvandlakanyo loMsebenzi

Olu hlobo lovavanyo lujolise ekuhloleni ukusebenza kweprojekthi ngokwemigaqo yokubambelela kwayo izicwangciso zeprojekthi, iishedyuli, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali,kwaye imigangatho esemgangathweni. 

Iphonononga ukuba ingaba iprojekthi iyazifezekisa na iinjongo zayo, inika iziphumo ezicetywayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo ngempumelelo.

#2 - Uvavanyo lweziphumo

Uvavanyo lweziphumo luvavanya impembelelo ebanzi kunye neziphumo zeprojekthi. Ijonge ngaphaya kweziphumo zangoku kwaye ivavanya iziphumo zexesha elide kunye neenzuzo eziveliswa yiprojekthi. 

Olu hlobo lovavanyo luqwalasela ukuba ingaba iprojekthi iyifezekisile kusini na iinjongo ezinqwenelekayo, wadalwa utshintsho oluhle, kwaye negalelo kwi iimpembelelo ezicetywayo.

#3 - Inkqubo yoVavanyo

Uvandlakanyo lwenkqubo luvavanya impumelelo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokuphunyezwa kweprojekthi. Ivavanya ulawulo lweprojekthi qhinga, iindlela, yaye iindlelaisetyenziselwa ukwenza iprojekthi.  

Olu hlobo lovavanyo lujolise ekuchongeni imimandla yokuphuculwa kocwangciso lweprojekthi, ukwenziwa, ulungelelwaniso kunye nonxibelelwano.

#4 - UVavanyo lweMpembelelo

Uvandlakanyo lwempembelelo luhamba ngaphezu kovavanyo lweziphumo kwaye lujolise ekumiseleni iprojekthi ubudlelwane be-causalngotshintsho olujongiweyo okanye iimpembelelo.  

Ifuna ukuqonda ubungakanani beprojekthi enokuthi ibalelwe ngayo kwiziphumo eziphunyeziweyo kunye neempembelelo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo imiba yangaphandle kunye neengcaciso ezizezinye ezinokubakho.

*Phawula:Ezi ntlobo zovavanyo zinokudityaniswa okanye zilungiselelwe ukuba zihambelane neemfuno kunye nomxholo weprojekthi.  

Imizekelo yoVavanyo lweProjekthi

Imizekelo eyahlukeneyo yovavanyo lweprojekthi yile ilandelayo:

#1 - Uvandlakanyo loMsebenzi 

Iprojekthi yokwakha ijolise ekugqibezeleni isakhiwo ngexesha elithile kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Uvandlakanyo lwentsebenzo luya kuhlola inkqubela yeprojekthi, ukubambelela kwishedyuli yokwakha, umgangatho wokwenziwa komsebenzi, nokusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo. 

#2 - Uvavanyo lweziphumo

Umbutho ongenzi nzuzo uphumeza iprojekthi yophuhliso loluntu malunga nokuphucula amazinga okufunda nokubhala kwiindawo ezihlelelekileyo. Uvavanyo lweziphumo luya kubandakanya ukuhlola amanqanaba olwazi lokufunda nokubhala, ukuhamba isikolo, kunye nothethathethwano noluntu. 

#3 - Inkqubo yoVavanyo-Imizekelo yoVavanyo lweProjekthi

Iprojekthi ye-IT ibandakanya ukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo entsha yesoftware kuwo wonke amasebe enkampani. Uvavanyo lwenkqubo luya kuphonononga iinkqubo zokuphunyezwa kweprojekthi kunye nemisebenzi.

#4 - UVavanyo lweMpembelelo

Iphulo lempilo yoluntu lijolise ekunciphiseni ukuxhaphaka kwesifo esithile kubantu ekujoliswe kubo. Uvavanyo lwempembelelo luya kuhlola igalelo leprojekthi ekunciphiseni amazinga ezifo kunye nokuphuculwa kweziphumo zempilo yoluntu.

Inyathelo-nge-nyathelo Ukwenza uVavanyo lweProjekthi

Nantsi inyathelo ngenyathelo isikhokelo sokukunceda wenze uvavanyo lweprojekthi:

1/ Chaza iNjongo kunye neenjongo

• Chaza ngokucacileyo injongo yovavanyo, efana nokusebenza kweprojekthi okanye iziphumo zokulinganisa.
• Misela iinjongo ezithile ezihambelana nenjongo yovavanyo, ugxininise koko ujolise ukukufezekisa.

2/ Chonga iikhrayitheriya zoVavanyo kunye neZalathi

• Chonga iindlela zovavanyo lweprojekthi. Oku kunokubandakanya ukusebenza, umgangatho, iindleko, ukubambelela kwishedyuli, kunye nokwaneliseka kwabachaphazelekayo.
• Chaza izalathi ezinokumetwa kwikhrayitheriya nganye ukuququzelela ukuqokelelwa nohlalutyo lwedatha.

3/ Cwangcisa iindlela zokuqokelelwa kwedatha

• Chonga iindlela kunye nezixhobo zokuqokelela idatha efana nophando, udliwano-ndlebe, uqwalaselo, uhlalutyo lwamaxwebhu, okanye imithombo yedatha ekhoyo.
• Yila amaphepha emibuzo, izikhokelo zodliwano-ndlebe, uluhlu lokuqwalasela, okanye ezinye izixhobo zokuqokelela iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko. Qinisekisa ukuba zicacile, zimfutshane, kwaye zijolise ekuqokeleleni ulwazi olufanelekileyo.

4/ Qokelela iDatha

• Sebenzisa iindlela ezicwangcisiweyo zokuqokelela idatha kunye nokuqokelela ulwazi oluyimfuneko. Qinisekisa ukuba ukuqokelelwa kwedatha kwenziwa ngokungaguqukiyo nangokuchanekileyo ukufumana iziphumo ezithembekileyo. 
• Qwalasela ubungakanani besampulu efanelekileyo kunye nabachaphazelekayo ekujoliswe kubo ekuqokeleleni idatha.

5/ Hlalutya iDatha

Nje ukuba idatha iqokelelwe, yihlalutye ukuze ufumane iingqiqo ezinentsingiselo. Unokusebenzisa izixhobo kunye nobuchule bokutolika idatha kwaye uchonge iipateni, iintsingiselo, kunye neziphumo eziphambili. Qinisekisa ukuba uhlalutyo luhambelana neendlela zokuvavanya kunye neenjongo.

6/ Zoba iziGqibo kwaye wenze izindululo

• Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo, qukumbela umsebenzi weprojekthi.
• Yenza izindululo ezinokuthathelwa amanyathelo okuphucula, ugxininisa imimandla ethile okanye izicwangciso zokuphucula ukusebenza kweprojekthi.
• Lungiselela ingxelo ebanzi ebonisa inkqubo yovavanyo, iziphumo, izigqibo kunye nezindululo.

7/ Nxibelelana kwaye Yabelane ngeziPhumo 

• Yabelana ngeziphumo zovavanyo nabachaphazelekayo abafanelekileyo kunye nabathathi-zigqibo.
• Sebenzisa iziphumo kunye neengcebiso ukwazisa ukucwangciswa kweprojekthi yexesha elizayo, ukwenza izigqibo, kunye nokuphucula okuqhubekayo.

UVavanyo lweSithuba (iNgxelo) 

Ukuba ulugqibile uphononongo lweprojekthi, lixesha lokuba ingxelo elandelayo inike isishwankathelo esibanzi senkqubo yovavanyo, iziphumo zayo, kunye neziphumo zeeprojekthi. 

Nanga amanqaku ekufuneka uwagcine engqondweni xa unika ingxelo emva kovavanyo:

• Nika isishwankathelo esifutshane sovavanyo, kubandakanywa nenjongo yalo, iziphumo eziphambili kunye neengcebiso.
• Cacisa indlela yokuvavanya, kubandakanywa iindlela zokuqokelelwa kwedatha, izixhobo kunye nobuchule obusetyenzisiweyo.
• Nikela ngeziphumo eziphambili kunye neziphumo zovavanyo.
• Gxininisa impumelelo ebalulekileyo, impumelelo, kunye nemimandla yokuphucula.
• Xoxa ngeziphumo zovavanyo kunye nezindululo zocwangciso lweprojekthi, ukuthathwa kwezigqibo, kunye nokwabiwa kwezibonelelo.

Isakhelo soVavanyo lweProjekthi

Nantsi itemplates yovavanyo lweprojekthi iyonke. Unokwenza ngokwezifiso ngokusekwe kwiprojekthi yakho ethile kunye neemfuno zovavanyo:

IItrakthi ezibalulekileyo 

Uvavanyo lweprojekthi yinkqubo ebalulekileyo enceda ukuvavanya ukusebenza, iziphumo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweprojekthi. Inika ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga noko kusebenze kakuhle, iinkalo zokuphucula, kunye nezifundo ezifundiweyo. 

Kwaye ungalibali IAhaSlidesdlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yovavanyo. Siyabonelela iitemplates ezenziwe kwangaphambilikunye iimpawu interactive, enokusetyenziswa ukuqokelela idatha, ukuqonda kunye nokubandakanya abachaphazelekayo! Makhe sihlolisise!

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Ref: Umlawuli weprojekt | Eval Community | I-AHRQ