Ezweni lebhizinisi elisheshayo, isihluthulelo sokuhlala phambili sisekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo. Kulokhu blog post, siqala uhambo ukuze sithole 8 amathuluzi okuthuthukisa okuqhubekayo ezisiza inhlangano yakho ekuthuthukiseni njalo. Kusukela kuma-classics ahlolwe isikhathi kuya kuzixazululo ezintsha, sizohlola ukuthi lawa mathuluzi angenza kanjani ushintsho oluhle, aqhubekisele iqembu lakho empumelelweni.
Okuqukethwe
- Imaphi Amathuluzi Okuthuthukisa Aqhubekayo?
- Amathuluzi Okuthuthukisa Aqhubekayo
- Imicabango Final
- Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Ngamathuluzi Okuthuthukisa Okuqhubekayo
Hlola ikhithi yamathuluzi Yokuthuthukisa Okuqhubekayo
- Ukusebenzisa i-Hoshin Kanri Planning yempumelelo yesikhathi eside kusukela manje
- Ishikawa Diagram Example | Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo Umhlahlandlela Wokuxazulula Izinkinga Okuphumelelayo
- Izindlela Ezinhlanu Kungani | Incazelo, Izinzuzo, Isicelo (+ Isibonelo)
- Iyini I-Theory Of Constraints? Umhlahlandlela olula wokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle
- 6 Sigma DMAIC | Imephu yomgwaqo eya Ebuhleni Bokusebenza
Imaphi Amathuluzi Okuthuthukisa Aqhubekayo?
Amathuluzi okuthuthukisa aqhubekayo angamathuluzi, amasu, nezindlela ezisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, ukuhlehlisa izinqubo, nokukhuthaza intuthuko eqhubekayo ezinhlanganweni. Leli thuluzi lisiza ukuhlonza izindawo okufanele zithuthukiswe, lisekele ukuxazululwa kwezinkinga, futhi lihlakulele isiko lokufunda okuqhubekayo nokuthuthuka ngaphakathi kwenhlangano.
Amathuluzi Okuthuthukisa Aqhubekayo
Nawa amathuluzi namasu okuthuthukisa angu-10 aqhubekayo asebenza njengezibani eziqondisayo, ezikhanyisa indlela eya ekukhuleni, ekusunguleni izinto ezintsha, nasekuphumeleleni.
#1 - Umjikelezo we-PDCA: Isisekelo Sokuthuthukiswa Okuqhubekayo
Umnyombo wokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo yi- Umjikelezo we-PDCA – Hlela, Yenza, Hlola, Yenza. Le nqubo yokuphindaphinda inikeza uhlaka oluhlelekile lwezinhlangano ukuze ziqhubekisele phambili ukuthuthukiswa.
Hlela:
Izinhlangano ziqala ngokuhlonza izindawo okufanele zithuthukiswe, zibeke imigomo, futhi zihlele. Lesi sigaba sokuhlela sibandakanya ukuhlaziya izinqubo ezikhona, ukuqonda isimo samanje, kanye nokubeka imigomo engokoqobo.
Ingabe:
Uhlelo lube selusetshenziswa ngezinga elincane ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kwalo ngempumelelo. Lesi sigaba sibalulekile ekuqoqeni idatha kanye nemininingwane yomhlaba wangempela. Kubandakanya ukwenza izinguquko kanye nokuqapha ngokucophelela umthelela ezinqubweni eziqondiwe.
Hlola:
Ngemva kokuqaliswa, inhlangano ihlola imiphumela. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukulinganisa ukusebenza ngokumelene nemigomo emisiwe, ukuqoqa idatha efanele, nokuhlola ukuthi ingabe izinguquko ziholela ekuthuthukisweni okufiswayo.
Umthetho:
Ngokusekelwe ekuhloleni, yenza izinguquko ezidingekayo. Izinguquko eziyimpumelelo zenziwa ngezinga elikhulu, futhi umjikelezo uqala futhi. Umjikelezo we-PDCA iyithuluzi eliguquguqukayo elikhuthaza ukufunda okuqhubekayo nokuzivumelanisa nezimo.
#2 - Kaizen: Ukuthuthukiswa Okuqhubekayo kusuka ku-Core
I-Kaizen, okusho ukuthi "ushintsho lube ngcono," ikhuluma nefilosofi yokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo egcizelela ukwenza izinguquko ezincane, ezikhulayo ngokuqhubekayo ukuze kuzuzwe ukuthuthuka okuphawulekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izinyathelo ezincane, umthelela omkhulu:
Inqubo yokuthuthukisa eqhubekayo Kaizen ibandakanya bonke abasebenzi, kusukela kubaphathi abakhulu kuya kubasebenzi abaphambili. Ngokugqugquzela isiko lokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kuwo wonke amazinga, izinhlangano zinikeza amathimba azo amandla okuhlonza nokusebenzisa izinguquko ezincane eziholela ekuthuthukisweni okukhulu.
Ukufunda okuqhubekayo:
I-Kaizen ikhuthaza umqondo wokufunda okuqhubekayo nokuzivumelanisa nezimo, yakhela ekuzibandakanyeni kwabasebenzi, futhi isebenzise ubuhlakani obuqoqiwe babasebenzi ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinqubo nezinhlelo.
#3 - I-Sigma Eyisithupha: Ikhwalithi Yokushayela Ngedatha
Amathuluzi okuthuthukisa aqhubekayo i-Six Sigma iyindlela eqhutshwa idatha ehlose ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yenqubo ngokuhlonza nokuqeda amaphutha. Isebenzisa indlela ye-DMAIC - Chaza, Kala, Hlaziya, Thuthukisa, futhi Ulawule.
- Chaza: Izinhlangano ziqala ngokuchaza ngokucacile inkinga ezifuna ukuyixazulula. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqonda izidingo zekhasimende kanye nokubeka imigomo ethile, elinganisekayo yokuthuthukisa.
- Linganisa: Isimo samanje senqubo silinganiswa kusetshenziswa idatha efanele namamethrikhi. Lesi sigaba sibandakanya ukuqoqa nokuhlaziya idatha ukuze kutholakale ubukhulu benkinga nomthelela wayo.
- Hlaziya: Kulesi sigaba, kutholakala izimbangela zenkinga. Amathuluzi ezibalo nezindlela zokuhlaziya zisetshenziswa ukuze kuqondwe izici ezibangela amaphutha noma ukungasebenzi kahle.
- Thuthukisa: Ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyeni, kwenziwa ukuthuthukiswa. Lesi sigaba sigxile ekuthuthukiseni izinqubo zokuqeda amaphutha kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle okuphelele.
- Lawula: Ukuqinisekisa intuthuko eqhubekayo, izinyathelo zokulawula ziyabekwa. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuqapha okuqhubekayo nokulinganisa ukuze kugcinwe izinzuzo ezitholwa ngokuthuthukiswa.
#4 - 5S Indlela Yokusebenza: Ukuhlelela Ukuphumelela
Indlela yokwenza ye-5S iyindlela yenhlangano yendawo yokusebenza ehloselwe ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha. Ama-S amahlanu - Hlunga, Hlela, Shine, Qondisa, Gcina - ahlinzeka ngendlela ehlelekile yokuhlela nokugcina indawo yokusebenza ekhiqizayo.
- Hlunga: Khipha izinto ezingadingekile, ukunciphisa ukumosha nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle.
- Hlela Ngokuhleleka: Hlela izinto ezisele ngendlela ehlelekile ukuze unciphise isikhathi sokusesha futhi uthuthukise ukuhamba komsebenzi.
- cwebezela: Beka kuqala inhlanzeko ukuze uthole ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe, ukuziphatha okuthuthukisiwe, nokukhiqiza okuthuthukisiwe.
- Hlela: Sungula futhi usebenzise izinqubo ezijwayelekile zezinqubo ezingaguquki.
- Ukusekela: Hlakulela isiko lokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo ukuze uqinisekise izinzuzo ezihlala njalo ezivela kuzinqubo ze-5S.
#5 - I-Kanban: Ukubona Ukugeleza Kokusebenza Kokusebenza Kahle
I-Kanban iyithuluzi lokuphatha elibonakalayo elisiza amaqembu ukuphatha umsebenzi ngokubona ukuhamba komsebenzi. Isuka emigomeni yokukhiqiza engenawo amandla, i-Kanban ithole ukusetshenziswa okusabalele ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle nokunciphisa izingqinamba.
Umsebenzi wokubona ngeso lengqondo:
I-Kanban isebenzisa amabhodi abonakalayo, ngokuvamile ahlukaniswa abe amakholomu amelela izigaba ezihlukene zenqubo. Umsebenzi ngamunye noma into yomsebenzi imelelwa ikhadi, okuvumela amaqembu ukuthi alandelele kalula ukuqhubeka nokukhomba izinkinga ezingaba khona.
Ukukhawulela Umsebenzi Oqhubekayo (WIP):
Ukuze usebenze kahle, u-Kanban uncoma ukukhawulela inani lemisebenzi eqhubekayo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela ukuthwalisa kanzima iqembu futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzi uqedwa kahle ngaphambi kokuba kuqalwe imisebenzi emisha.
Ukuthuthukiswa Okuqhubekayo:
Imvelo ebonakalayo yamabhodi e-Kanban isiza ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo. Amaqembu angakwazi ukubona ngokushesha izindawo zokubambezeleka noma ukungasebenzi, okuvumela ukulungiswa okufika ngesikhathi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhamba komsebenzi.
#6 - Ukuphathwa Kwekhwalithi Ephelele (TQM)
ITotal Quality Management (TQM) yindlela yokuphatha egxile empumelelweni yesikhathi eside ngokwanelisa amakhasimende. Kubandakanya imizamo yokuthuthukisa eqhubekayo kuzo zonke izici zenhlangano, kusukela ezinqubweni kuye kubantu.
Ukugxila Kwekhasimende:
Ukuqonda nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zamakhasimende kugxilwe kakhulu kweTotal Quality Management (TQM). Ngokuhlala iletha imikhiqizo yekhwalithi noma amasevisi, izinhlangano zingakha ukwethembeka kwamakhasimende futhi zithuthukise inzuzo yawo yokuncintisana.
Isiko Lokuthuthukisa Okuqhubekayo:
I-TQM idinga ushintsho lwamasiko ngaphakathi kwenhlangano. Abasebenzi kuwo wonke amazinga bakhuthazwa ukuthi babambe iqhaza ezinhlelweni zokuthuthukisa, ukugqugquzela umuzwa wobunikazi kanye nokuziphendulela ngekhwalithi.
Ukwenziwa Kwezinqumo Okuqhutshwa Yidatha:
I-TQM incike kudatha ukuze yazise ukuthathwa kwezinqumo. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo nokukalwa kwezinqubo kuvumela izinhlangano ukuthi zibone izindawo okufanele zithuthukiswe futhi zenze izinguquko ezinolwazi.
#7 - Ukuhlaziywa Kwembangela Yomsuka: Ukumba Ujule Ukuthola Izisombululo
Indlela yokuhlaziya imbangela iwuhlelo lwenqubo lokuhlonza umsuka wenkinga. Ngokubhekana nembangela, izinhlangano zingavimbela ukuphinda kwezinkinga.
I-Fishbone Diagrams (Ishikawa):
Leli thuluzi elibonakalayo lisiza amaqembu ukuhlola ngokuhlelekile izimbangela zenkinga ezingaba khona, azihlukanise ngezici ezihlukahlukene ezifana nabantu, izinqubo, okokusebenza, nendawo.
5 Kungani:
Indlela ye-5 Whys ihlanganisa ukubuza ukuthi "kungani" ngokuphindaphindiwe ukulandelela umsuka wenkinga. Ngokumba ujule ngokuthi "kungani," amaqembu angadalula izinkinga ezibalulekile ezibangela inkinga.
I-Fault Tree Analysis:
Le ndlela ibandakanya ukudala ukumelwa okunemifanekiso kwazo zonke izimbangela zenkinga ethile. Kuyasiza ukukhomba izici ezinomthelela kanye nobudlelwano bazo, kusize ekuhlonzeni umsuka wembangela.
#8 - Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Pareto: Umthetho wama-80/20 osebenzayo
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Pareto, okusekelwe emthethweni wama-80/20, kusiza izinhlangano ukuba zibeke phambili imizamo yokuthuthukisa ngokugxila ezintweni ezibaluleke kakhulu ezibangela inkinga.
- Ukukhomba Okumbalwa Okubalulekile: Lokhu kuhlaziya kuhilela ukuhlonza izici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezinomthelela eningini (80%) yezinkinga noma ukungasebenzi.
- Ukuthuthukisa Izinsiza: Ngokugxila emizamweni yokubhekana nezindaba ezinomthelela omkhulu, izinhlangano zingathuthukisa izinsiza futhi zithole ukuthuthuka okubaluleke kakhulu.
- Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo: I-Pareto Analysis akuwona umsebenzi wesikhathi esisodwa; kudinga ukuqapha okuqhubekayo ukuze kuhambisane nezimo ezishintshayo kanye nokuqinisekisa intuthuko eqhubekayo.
Imicabango Final
Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kumayelana nezinqubo zokucwenga, ukugqugquzela ukuqamba okusha, kanye nokukhulisa isiko lokukhula. Impumelelo yalolu hambo incike ekuhlanganiseni ngokwecebo amathuluzi ahlukahlukene aqhubekayo okuthuthukisa, kusukela kumjikelezo we-PDCA ohlelekile kuya endleleni ye-Kaizen eguqulayo.
Uma ubheka phambili, ubuchwepheshe buyisihluthulelo sokuthuthukisa. AhaSlides, nayo izifanekiso futhi izici, ithuthukisa imihlangano nokuxoxisana, inikeze inkundla esebenziseka kalula yokubambisana okuphumelelayo namaseshini okudala. Ukusebenzisa amathuluzi afana AhaSlides isiza izinhlangano ukuthi zihlale zihlakaniphile futhi ilethe imibono emisha kuyo yonke ingxenye yohambo lwazo lokuthuthukisa oluqhubekayo. Ngokuthuthukisa ukuxhumana nokubambisana, AhaSlides ivumela amaqembu ukuthi asebenze ngokuphumelelayo nangempumelelo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Ngamathuluzi Okuthuthukisa Okuqhubekayo
Yiziphi izindlela ezi-3 zokuthuthukisa okuqhubekayo?
I-PDCA Cycle (Plan-Do-Check-Act), i-Kaizen (Intuthuko encane eqhubekayo), kanye neSix Sigma (indlela eqhutshwa idatha).
Ayini amathuluzi namasu e-CI?
Amathuluzi namasu Okuthuthukisa Okuqhubekayo yi-PDCA Cycle, Kaizen, Six Sigma, 5S Methodology, Kanban, Total Quality Management, Root Cause Analysis, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwePareto.
Ingabe i-kaizen iyithuluzi eliqhubekayo lokuthuthukisa?
Yebo, i-Kaizen iyithuluzi lokuthuthukisa eliqhubekayo elasuka e-Japan. Kusekelwe kufilosofi yokuthi izinguquko ezincane, ezikhulayo zingaholela ekuthuthukisweni okuphawulekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Yiziphi izibonelo zohlelo lokuthuthukisa okuqhubekayo?
Izibonelo Zezinhlelo Eziqhubekayo Zokuthuthukisa: Isistimu Yokukhiqiza I-Toyota, Ukukhiqiza Okuncane, Ukuphathwa Kwe-Agile kanye Nokugcinwa Kwengqikithi Yokukhiqiza (TPM).
Yini amathuluzi ayisithupha we-Sigma?
Amathuluzi ayisithupha e-Sigma: I-DMAIC (Chaza, Linganisa, Hlaziya, Thuthukisa, Lawula), Ukulawulwa Kwenqubo Yezibalo (SPC), Amashadi Okulawula, Ukuhlaziywa Kwe-Pareto, Imidwebo Yethambo Lezinhlanzi (Ishikawa) kanye ne-5 Whys.
Iyini i-4 imodeli yokuthuthukisa eqhubekayo?
I-4A Eqhubekayo Yokuthuthukisa Imodeli iqukethe Ukuqwashisa, Ukuhlaziya, Isenzo, kanye Nokulungiswa. Iqondisa izinhlangano ngokubona isidingo sokuthuthukiswa, ukuhlaziya izinqubo, ukusebenzisa izinguquko, kanye nokulungisa ngokuqhubekayo ukuze kube nenqubekelaphambili eqhubekayo.
Ref: I-Solvexia | Viima
