Cishe uzolithola igama elithi “El Nino” esibikezelweni sezulu izikhathi ezimbalwa. Lesi simo sezulu esithakazelisayo singabangela imiphumela esabalele emhlabeni wonke, sithinte izindawo ezifana nemililo yequbula, imvelo, kanye nezomnotho.
Kodwa uyini umphumela we-El Nino? Sizokhanyisa izibani El Nino Incazelo, bekuzokwenzekani uma u-El Nino esephethinini, futhi uphendule imibuzo evame ukubuzwa ngo-El Nino.
Okuqukethwe
Ithini Incazelo ye-El Nino?
I-El Nino, ngeSpanishi ehunyushwa ngokuthi “umfana omncane” noma “umntwana kaKristu”, yaqanjwa igama layo ngabadobi baseNingizimu Melika ababona ukufudumala kwamanzi oLwandlekazi iPacific ngoZibandlela. Kodwa ungadukiswa igama layo – i-El Nino incane kakhulu!
Pho ibangelwa yini i-El Nino? Ukusebenzisana kuka-El Nino phakathi kolwandle nomkhathi kubangela ukuthi izinga lokushisa lolwandle enkabeni nasempumalanga emaphakathi ne-Equatorial Pacific likhule, okubangela ukuba umoya onomswakama usheshe ube yiziphepho.
Ngawo-1930, ososayensi abafana no-Sir Gilbert Walker bathola ukuvundulula okushiya imihlathi: i-El Nino kanye ne-Southern Oscillation yayisenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa!
I-Southern Oscillation iyindlela enhle yokusho ukuthi umfutho womoya phezu kwe-tropical Pacific Ocean uyashintsha.
Lapho iPacific esempumalanga ye-tropical ishisa (sibonga i-El Nino), ukucindezela komoya phezu kolwandle kuyehla. Lezi zenzakalo ezimbili zixhumene kangangokuthi izazi zezulu zanikeza igama elihehayo: El Nino-Southern Oscillation, noma i-ENSO ngamafuphi. Namuhla, ochwepheshe abaningi basebenzisa amagama athi El Nino kanye ne-ENSO ngokushintshana.
Izifundo ezibanjwe ngekhanda ngemizuzwana
Imibuzo esebenzisanayo yenza abafundi bakho babambe ngekhanda amagama anzima ezindawo - angenaso nhlobo ingcindezi
Kwenzekani Ngesikhathi se-El Nino?
Uma kwenzeka umcimbi we-El Nino, imimoya yohwebo evame ukuvunguza iye ngasentshonalanga eduze nenkabazwe iqala ukuba buthaka. Lokhu kushintsha komfutho womoya kanye nesivinini somoya kubangela amanzi angaphezulu afudumele aye ngasempumalanga eduze ne-Equator, esuka entshonalanga yePacific eya ogwini olusenyakatho yeNingizimu Melika.
Njengoba la manzi afudumele enyakaza, ajulisa i-thermocline, okuwungqimba lokujula kolwandle oluhlukanisa amanzi angaphezulu afudumele nabandayo angaphansi. Ngesikhathi somcimbi we-El Nino, i-thermocline ingacwilisa ifike kumamitha ayi-152 (amafidi angama-500)!
Lolu ungqimba oluwugqinsi lwamanzi afudumele lunomthelela omubi esimisweni semvelo sasogwini olusempumalanga yePacific. Ngaphandle kokukhuphuka okuvamile kwamanzi abandayo anothile ngezakhi, indawo ye-euphotic ngeke isakwazi ukusekela i-ecosystem yayo evamile ekhiqizayo. Izinhlanzi eziningi ziyafa noma ziyafuduka, okudala umonakalo emnothweni wase-Ecuador nasePeru.
Kodwa akugcini lapho! I-El Nino iphinde ibangele izinguquko ezivamile futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezinzima esimweni sezulu. Ukuguquguquka kwamanzi angaphezulu kwamanzi afudumele kuletha imvula eyengeziwe, okuholela ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwemvula e-Ecuador nasenyakatho yePeru. Lokhu kungabangela izikhukhula nokuguguleka kogu, kucekele phansi amakhaya, izikole, izibhedlela namabhizinisi. Ezokuthutha zilinganiselwe futhi izitshalo ziyacekelwa phansi.
I-El Nino iletha imvula eNingizimu Melika kodwa isomiso e-Indonesia nase-Australia, esibeka engcupheni amanzi abo njengoba amachibi omile futhi imifula ithwala kancane. Ezolimo ezithembele ekuniseleni nazo zingafakwa engcupheni yi-El Nino! Ngakho-ke zilungiselele futhi uzilungiselele amandla ayo angalindelekile futhi anamandla!
Ingabe El Nino Muhle Noma Mubi?
U-El Nino uthambekele ekuletheni izimo ezifudumele nezomile ezithuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kommbila e-US Nokho, eNingizimu Afrika nase-Australia, ingaletha izimo ezomile eziyingozi ezikhulisa izingozi zomlilo, kuyilapho iBrazil nenyakatho yaseNingizimu Melika ziba nezikhathi ezomile futhi i-Argentina neChile zibona imvula. . Ngakho-ke lungiselela amandla ka-El Nino angabikezeli njengoba esenza siqagele!
Ingabe i-El Nino Ihlala Isikhathi Eside Kangakanani?
Bambelela ezigqokweni zakho, babukeli besimo sezulu: nakhu ukwehla ku-El Nino! Ngokuvamile, isiqephu se-El Nino sithatha izinyanga ezingu-9-12. Ivamise ukuvela entwasahlobo (March-June), ifinyelele izinga eliphakeme phakathi kwezinyanga zasekwindla/ zasebusika (November-February), bese iba buthaka ekuqaleni kwezinyanga zasehlobo njengoMarch-June.
Nakuba izehlakalo ze-El Nino zingase zithathe isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, ngokuvamile zenzeka cishe izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye kuya kweziyi-12 ubude - i-El Nino ende kunazo zonke emlandweni wanamuhla yathatha izinyanga eziyi-18 kuphela. I-El Nino iza njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili noma eyisikhombisa (quasi-periodic), kodwa ayenzeki ngohlelo olujwayelekile.
Ingabe Singabikezela I-El Nino Ngaphambi Kokuba Ivele?
Yebo! Ubuchwepheshe besimanje buye basimangaza uma kukhulunywa ngokubikezela i-El Nino.
Sibonga amamodeli wesimo sezulu afana nalawo aqashwe yi-NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Prediction kanye nedatha evela kuzinzwa ze-Tropical Pacific Observing System kumasathelayithi, ama-ocean buoy, nama-radiosondes aqapha ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu - ososayensi bangakwazi ukubikezela ngokunembile izinyanga zokufika noma iminyaka ngaphambili.
Ngaphandle kwamathuluzi anjalo besingeke sibe nayo indlela yokwazi ukuthi yini ezayo mayelana nezinkinga zesimo sezulu ezifana ne-El Nino.
Ingabe i-El Ninos Iba namandla?
Izibonelo zesimo sezulu ziphrojekthi yokuthi njengoba uMhlaba ufudumala, imijikelezo ye-ENSO ingase ishube kakhulu futhi ikhiqize ama-El Ninos nama-La Ninas abedlulele kakhulu angaba nomthelela omubi emiphakathini emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa akuwona wonke amamodeli avumayo, futhi ososayensi basebenza ngokuzikhandla ukuze bathole ukuqonda okwengeziwe ngale ndaba eyinkimbinkimbi.
Isihloko esisodwa esisazodingidwa ngesokuthi umjikelezo we-ENSO usuvele unamandla yini ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu okubangelwa abantu, nakuba kunento eyodwa ehlala iqinisekile – i-ENSO ibilokhu ikhona izinkulungwane zeminyaka futhi cishe isazoqhubeka kude nekusasa.
Ngisho noma umjikelezo wawo wangempela uhlala ungashintshile, imiphumela yawo ingase ibonakale ngokuqhubekayo njengoba uMhlaba uqhubeka nokufudumala.
Imibuzo ye-El Nino (+Izimpendulo)
Ake sihlole ukuthi uyikhumbula kahle kangakanani incazelo ka-El Nino ngale mibuzo yemibuzo. Okumangalisa nakakhulu ukuthi ungafaka lokhu kumbuzo osebenzisanayo ukuze usabalalise ukuqwashisa ngale ndaba ebalulekile yemvelo usebenzisa i-AhaSlides.
- Imele ini i-ENSO? (Impendulo: El Nino-Southern Oscillation)
- I-El Nino ivela kaningi kangakanani (Impendulo: Njalo eminyakeni emibili kuya kweyisikhombisa)
- Kwenzekani ePeru uma kwenzeka i-El Nino? (Impendulo: Imvula enkulu)
- Athini amanye amagama ka-El Nino? (Impendulo: ENSO)
- Isiphi isifunda esithinteke kakhulu i-El Niño? (Impendulo: ogwini lwasePacific lwaseNingizimu Melika)
- Singakwazi ukubikezela i-El Nino? (Impendulo: Yebo)
- I-El Nino inamiphi imiphumela? (Impendulo: Isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu emhlabeni wonke kubandakanya imvula enamandla nezikhukhula ezindaweni ezomile kanye nesomiso ezindaweni ezimanzi)
- Yini ephambene no-El Nino? (Impendulo: La Nina)
- Imimoya yokuhweba ibuthakathaka ngesikhathi sika-El Nino - Iqiniso noma Amanga? (Impendulo: Amanga)
- Yiziphi izindawo eMelika ezibhekana nobusika obubandayo lapho kushaya u-El Nino? (Impendulo: California kanye nezingxenye eziseningizimu ye-US)
Qala ngemizuzwana.
Thola izifanekiso zamahhala zemibuzo yabafundi. Bhalisa mahhala futhi uthathe okufunayo kulabhulali yesifanekiso!
🚀 Thola Izifanekiso Zamahhala ☁️
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Zisho ukuthini i-El Niño ne-La Niña?
I-El Nino kanye ne-La Nina yizibonelo zesimo sezulu ezimbili ezitholakala oLwandlekazi iPacific. Bayingxenye yomjikelezo obizwa nge-El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
I-El Nino yenzeka lapho amanzi asempumalanga-maphakathi nePacific Ocean eba nokufudumala kunokuvamile, okuholela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu esifana namazinga okushisa aphakeme kanye nokushintsha kwesimo semvula. Lesi simo sibonisa isigaba esifudumele somjikelezo we-ENSO.
I-La Nina yenzeka lapho amanzi engxenyeni efanayo yoLwandlekazi iPacific ephola ngaphansi kokujwayelekile, eshintsha isimo sezulu ngokukhiqiza amazinga okushisa apholile kanye namaphethini emvula ashintshayo; iphawula isigaba esibandayo kumjikelezo we-ENSO.
Ingabe i-El Niño isho ukubanda?
I-El Nino ingabonakala ngokushisa okungavamile kolwandle e-Equatorial Pacific kuyilapho i-La Nina ibonakala ngamanzi abandayo ngokungavamile kule ndawo.
Kungani u-El Niño ebizwa ngokuthi ingane ebusisiwe?
Igama leSpanishi elithi El Niño, elisho “indodana,” ekuqaleni lalisetshenziswa abadobi base-Ecuador nasePeru ukuze bachaze ukufudumala kwamanzi asogwini okwenzeka ngokuvamile ngoKhisimusi.
Ekuqaleni, lalibhekisela kulokho okwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, leli gama laqala ukumelela ukufudumala okubanzi futhi manje libhekisela emaphethini esimo sezulu afudumele avela njalo ngemva kweminyaka embalwa.
Ingabe ufuna ukufunda amagama amasha ezindawo ngempumelelo? Zama I-AhaSlides khona manjalo ukuthola imibuzo eminingi ethokozisayo.
