Imibono Yokufunda | Incazelo Engcono Kakhulu Nezibonelo | 2024 Izibuyekezo

Uma ufuna ukufunda okunye, ukufunda okubonwayo!

"Monkey bheka, monkey do" - Isisho saseMelika

Ukubhekisisa ekufundeni kubalulekile. Kusukela emazingeni okuqala empilo, abantu banezintambo zokubheka nokulingisa. Yilapho umqondo we ukufunda okubonwayo ivela ekugcwaliseni igebe phakathi kokuzibonela mathupha nokungaziwa.

Ithiyori yokufunda yezenhlalo ka-Albert Bandura ikhombisa ukuthi ukubuka nokumodela kudlala indima enkulu ekutheni abantu bafunda kanjani nokuthi kungani. Imayelana nabantu abafunda hhayi nje ngolwazi oluqondile kodwa nangokubheka abanye kanye nemiphumela yezenzo zabo.

Ngakho-ke, kusho ukuthini ukubonwa kokufunda, futhi kanjani ukusizakala ngakho? Ake singene kulesi sihloko. 

Uhlolojikelele

Okuqukethwe:

• Kuyini ukubonwa kokufunda?
• Yiziphi izibonelo zokubhekwa kokufunda?
• Kungani kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukufunda?
  • Ukufunda okuphumelelayo
  • Umbono obanzi
  • Ukudluliselwa kwamasiko
  • Ukucabangela ukuziphatha
  • Ukuguqulwa komuntu siqu
• Yiziphi izinqubo ezi-4 zokufunda kokuqaphela?
  • Attention
  • Ukugcinwa
  • Ukukhiqiza
  • Motivation
• Ungafunda kanjani ngokubuka?

Iyini Imibono Yokufunda?

Ukuqaphela kuwukuziphatha okungokwemvelo futhi okungokwemvelo kubantu. Ukuqaphela ukufunda, noma ukufunda ngokuqaphela, kubhekisela enqubweni abantu abathola ngayo ulwazi olusha, amakhono, ukuziphatha, kanye nolwazi ngokubuka nokulingisa izenzo, ukuziphatha, kanye nemiphumela yabanye.

Eqinisweni, ukufunda ngokubheka kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukufunda okujwayelekile, lapho abantu befunda ngokubona okwenzekayo kanye nemiphumela yabanye.

Umqondo wokufunda kokubuka nawo uthola umsuka wawo Ithiyori yokufunda yomphakathi enethonya ka-Albert Bandura.

I-Social Learning Theory, ngokusho kukaBandura, ithi ekuphenduleni ukubuka, ukulingisa, nokumodela, ukufunda kungenzeka noma ngaphandle kokushintsha ukuziphatha (1965)

Ukwengeza, ukufunda ngokubheka ku-psychology kuye kwahlolwa ocwaningweni oluningi, olulodwa lwazo oluchazayo Isibuko sama-neurons, amangqamuzana akhethekile ebuchosheni, abe yisizinda socwaningo esihlobene nokufunda ngokubheka.

Yiziphi Izibonelo Zokubhekwa Okufundwayo?

Ezweni elichichima izinto ezishukumisayo, izingqondo zethu zisebenza njengezipontshi zolwazi, ezimunca ulwazi kuwo wonke amagumbi emvelo yethu. Sihlangabezana nezibonelo zokufunda zokubuka nsuku zonke.

Izingane zibuka ukunyakaza kwabanakekeli bazo futhi zilingise isimo sobuso babo. Izingane zibhekisisa kahle njengoba abazali bebopha izintambo zezicathulo noma behlela amabhulokhi, bephindaphinda lezi zenzo befuna ukunqoba. Intsha ibhekisisa ontanga ukuze iqonde ukuguquguquka komphakathi kanye nokuziphatha. Abantu abadala bafunda ngokubuka ochwepheshe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umpheki osika izithako ngobuchule noma umculi odlala insimbi ngobuchule.

Ezilungiselelweni ezingakahleleki, sibona abangani, amalungu omndeni, esisebenza nabo, ngisho nabasesidlangalaleni ukuze sithole ulwazi futhi sisebenzise amakhono amasha. Ngokufanayo, emfundweni ehlelekile, othisha basebenzisa amandla okubuka ukuze babonise imiqondo, ukuziphatha, nezindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga.

Isibonelo, kunomkhuba okhulayo lapho abafundi bafunda khona ngokubuka amavidiyo abanye abafundi abafunda ku-inthanethi. Amavidiyo abizwa nge- study-with-me adlondlobala phakathi kuka-2016 no-2017 futhi azuze ababhalisile abangaphezu kwekota yesigidi.

“Sonke singababukeli - bethelevishini, amawashi esikhathi, bezimoto emgwaqweni onguthelawayeka - kodwa bambalwa ababukele. Wonke umuntu ubhekile, ababona abaningi.” 

– Peter M. Leschak

Imidiya, okuhlanganisa umabonakude, amamuvi, nezinkundla ze-inthanethi, kunomthelela omkhulu ekubhekweni kokufunda. Abantu bavame ukufunda kwabalingisi abayizibonelo ezinhle, isibonelo, abalingisi benganekwane, osaziwayo, kanye nabathonya bangempela bempilo ngokufanayo. Laba bantu badlala njengemithombo yogqozi, isixwayiso, nokuzindla, bethonya imibono nezinqumo zababukeli.

Isibonelo, u-Taylor Swift, umbhali wamaculo owaziwayo emhlabeni wonke, umlingisi, nosomabhizinisi wesifazane, ithonya lakhe lidlulela ngalé komculo wakhe. Izenzo zakhe, izindinganiso, nezinqumo zakhe zibonwa izigidi zabalandeli emhlabeni wonke, okumenza abe yisibonelo esihle sokufunda nogqozi.

Ithiphu Yokufunda Okuhlanganyele 

💡Imaphi Amasu Okufunda Okusebenzisana Angcono Kakhulu?

💡Ikilasi Elikhulumayo: Amathiphu angu-7 Okuthuthukisa Ukuxhumana Ekilasini Lakho Le-inthanethi

💡8 Izinhlobo Zezitayela Zokufunda

Kungani Kubalulekile Ukuqaphela Okufundwayo?

Ukufunda ngokuqaphela kuyikhono lemvelo eliqala ebuntwaneni. Ukuzijwayeza ukuqaphela ekufundeni kubalulekile ngenxa yezinzuzo zako eziningi kubafundi kusukela esemncane. Bheka izinzuzo ezinhlanu eziyinhloko zokuqashelwa kokufunda ngezansi:

Ukufunda okuphumelelayo

Okokuqala nokubalulekile, ukufunda ngokuqaphela kuyindlela ephumelelayo nephumelelayo yokufunda. Kuthinta ukuthambekela kwethu okungokwemvelo ukufunda kwabanye, okusenza sikwazi ukuqonda imiqondo eyinkimbinkimbi ngokushesha. Ngokubheka izibonelo zomhlaba wangempela, abafundi bangakwazi ukuhlanganisa ulwazi lwethiyori nokusebenzisa okungokoqobo. Le ndlela ayigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukuqonda kodwa futhi ithuthukisa amakhono okucabanga okujulile, okwenza ukufunda kube inqubo eshukumisayo nehehayo edlulela ngalé kwezincwadi zokufunda nezifundo.

Umbono obanzi

Ngempela, sinekhono elimangalisayo lokukhipha ukuhlakanipha kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabanye, okweqa imingcele yezikhathi zethu zokuphila. Uma sibona othile ezulazula ngempumelelo esimweni, exazulula inkinga, noma edlulisa umbono, sinikezwa amazwibela ezinqubweni namasu akhe okuqonda.

Ukudluliselwa kwamasiko

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubonwa kokufunda akugcini nje ngokunwebisa ulwazi lwethu kodwa futhi kuxhumanisa izizukulwane namasiko. Zisivumela ukuthi sizuze ifa lokutholakele, izinto ezintsha, kanye nokuqonda okuqoqiwe kwalabo abahambe ngaphambi kwethu. Njengoba nje impucuko yasendulo yafunda ezinkanyezini ukuzulazula nokubikezela izinkathi zonyaka, nathi, sifunda ekulandiseni okwabiwe kwendaba yethu yabantu.

Ukucabangela ukuziphatha

Ukubuka kunokuhlobana okuqinile nezimiso zokuziphatha. Abantu bathonywa kalula ukubheka ukuziphatha kwabanye. Isibonelo, emsebenzini, uma abaholi benza izenzo eziphambene nezimiso zokuziphatha, labo abangaphansi kwabo maningi amathuba okuba balandele, becabanga ukuthi kwamukelekile. Lokhu kugqamisa amandla okubuka ekubumbeni izindinganiso zokuziphatha futhi kugcizelela isidingo samamodeli amahle ukuze kugqugquzelwe isiko lobuqotho nokuziphatha okuqotho.

Ukuguqulwa komuntu siqu

Yini enye? Uzomangala ukuthola ukuthi ukubuka ukufunda kusiza ukuguqulwa komuntu siqu. Kuyindlela ekhuthazayo ekhuthaza abantu ukuba banqobe ukulinganiselwa futhi balwele ukuzithuthukisa. La mandla okubuka aguqulayo agcizelela umqondo wokuthi ukufunda akukhona nje ukuzuza ulwazi kodwa futhi mayelana nokuguqukela ekubeni inguqulo engcono kakhulu yakho.

Yiziphi Izinqubo Ezi-4 Zokubhekwa Kokufunda?

Kunezigaba ezine zokufunda ngokubuka, ngokusho kwethiyori yokufunda yezenhlalo ye-Bandura, okuhlanganisa ukunaka, ukugcinwa, ukukhiqiza kabusha, kanye nogqozi. Isigaba ngasinye sinendima ehlukile futhi sixhumene eduze ukuze kuthuthukiswe inqubo yokufunda. 

Attention

Ukufunda kokuqaphela kuqala ngokunaka imininingwane. Ngaphandle kokunaka, inqubo yokufunda ngokubheka ayisho lutho. Abafundi kumele baqondise ukuqwashisa kwabo olwazini olufanele lokuziphatha okubhekiwe, baqinisekise ukuthi bathwebula ama-nuances, amasu, kanye nemiphumela.

Ukugcinwa

Ngemva kokunaka, abafundi bagcina ulwazi olubhekiwe enkumbulweni yabo. Lesi sigaba sibandakanya ukubhala ngekhodi ukuziphatha okubhekiwe kanye nemininingwane ehlobene enkumbulweni, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingakhunjulwa kamuva. Ukugcinwa kuncike ezinqubweni zengqondo ezivumela abafundi ukuthi bagcine futhi bahlele ulwazi ukuze balusebenzise esikhathini esizayo.

Ukukhiqiza

Woza esigabeni sesithathu, abafundi bazama ukuphindaphinda ukuziphatha okubhekiwe. Ukukhiqiza kuhlanganisa ukuhumusha ulwazi olugciniwe lusuka enkumbulweni luye esenzweni. Isibonelo, uma othile ebuka okokufundisa kokupheka ku-inthanethi, isigaba sokukhiqiza sibandakanya ukusebenzisa izinyathelo ezibonisiwe kanye nezithako ukuze adale isidlo ekhishini labo.

Motivation

Khona-ke, ugqozi luyakhiwa. Kulesi sigaba sokugcina sokufunda kokuqaphela, abafundi bathonywa imiphumela nemiphumela abahlobanisa nokuziphatha okubhekiwe. Imiphumela emihle, njengemiklomelo noma impumelelo, ithuthukisa ugqozi lokuphindaphinda ukuziphatha.

Ungafunda Kanjani Ngokubuka?

Ukufunda ngokubheka kungaba umsebenzi onzima ekuqaleni. Ungase uzibuze ukuthi ungaqala kuphi, yini okufanele ugxile kuyo, futhi uma kuyinqaba ukubheka ezinye izindlela zokuziphatha isikhathi eside kangaka. 

Uma ufuna impendulo yale mibuzo, umhlahlandlela olandelayo ungakusiza:

• Khetha Amamodeli Eqhaza Abalulekile: Thola abantu abenza kahle endaweni oyithandayo. Bheka abantu abanezindlela ezihlukene ukuze uthole umbono ophelele.
• Gxila Ekuziphatheni Okuthize: Nciphisa ukugxila kwakho ekuziphatheni okuthile, izenzo, noma amasu. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuzigaxa ngolwazi oluningi.
• Qaphela Umongo Nokusabela: Naka umongo lapho ukuziphatha okwenzeka khona kanye nokusabela okukubangelayo. Lokhu kunikeza ukuqonda okujulile kokuthi kungani kuthathwa izinyathelo ezithile.
• Hlala Uvulekile: Vuleleka ekufundeni emithonjeni engalindelekile. Imininingwane ingavela kubantu bazo zonke izizinda nolwazi.
• Zijwayeze Njalo: Ukufunda ngokubheka kuyinqubo eqhubekayo. Kwenze umkhuba ukubheka njalo, ukucabangisisa nokusebenzisa lokho okufundile.
• Funa Impendulo: Uma kungenzeka, yabelana ngemizamo yakho nomuntu onolwazi kulo mkhakha noma ikhono olifundayo. Impendulo yabo inganikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile kanye neziphakamiso zokuthuthukisa.

⭐ Ufuna ukukhuthazwa okwengeziwe? Hlola I-AhaSlides khona manje! I-AhaSlides izokuletha emhlabeni omusha wokufunda okusebenzisanayo nokuzibandakanya. Ngezici zayo eziguqukayo, ungakha izethulo ezisebenzisanayo, imibuzo, izinhlolovo, nezingxoxo ezenza ukufunda kube okujabulisayo nokuhlanganyela.

Imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa:

Ref: Kahle kahle ingqondo | Ukufunda ibhere lamanzi | Forbes | Bandura A. I-Social Learning Theory. Prentice Hall; 1977.