Abantu kumele badlule ohlelweni lokufunda ukuze bathole ulwazi. Kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali ngesikhathi kanye nenhloso. Wonke umuntu unendawo yokufunda eyingqayizivele nolwazi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwandisa inqubo yokufunda.
Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, ucwaningo lwethiyori ngethiyori yokufunda lwadalelwa ukusiza abantu ngabanye ekuzuzeni impumelelo ephezulu yokufunda, kanye nasekuthuthukisweni kwamasu okufunda afanelekile kanye nokuhlanganisa nokuthuthukisa impumelelo yabafundi endaweni yokufunda.
Lesi sihloko sizohlola inkolelo yokufunda emphakathini, okuwusizo kakhulu kubantu abacosha ulwazi endaweni yabo. Ukufunda komphakathi kuzoveza imiphumela emangalisayo kanye nezinzuzo eziningi lapho kuqondwa kahle futhi kusetshenziswe. Ukufunda komphakathi akusebenzi kuphela ezimisweni zemfundo njengezikole kodwa nasezindaweni zamabhizinisi.
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Iyini i-Social Learning Theory?
Isikhathi eside kakhulu, ochwepheshe nososayensi baye bafunda izinhlobonhlobo zezindlela zokufunda komphakathi. U-Albert Bandura, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseCanada-American, kuthiwa nguye owasungula leli gama ngokwalo. Ngokusekelwe kuthiyori yezenhlalo kanye nocwaningo lokuthi izimo zezenhlalo zikuthinta kanjani ukuziphatha komfundi, udale ithiyori yokufunda komphakathi.
Lo mbono uphinde wagqugquzelwa umsebenzi kaTager othi “Imithetho Yokulingisa”. Ukwengeza, ithiyori yokufunda yezenhlalo ka-Bandura ithathwa njengomqondo wokususa intuthuko ngaphezu kocwaningo lwangaphambili lwesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo u-B.F. Skinner onamaphuzu amabili: Ukufunda ngokubuka noma ngokucabanga ngendlela engaguquki kanye nokuzilawula.
Incazelo ye-Social Learning Theory
Umqondo wethiyori yokufunda komphakathi ukuthi abantu bangakwazi ukuthola ulwazi komunye nomunye ukubukela, ukulingisa, nokumodela. Lolu hlobo lokufunda, olubizwa ngokuthi ukufunda kokuqaphela, lungasetshenziswa ukuchaza izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuziphatha, okuhlanganisa nalezo ezinye izithiyori zokufunda ezingakwazi ukuziphendulela.
Esinye sezibonelo ezivame kakhulu zethiyori yokufunda komphakathi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kungaba umuntu ofunda ukupheka ngokubuka abanye bepheka noma ingane ifunda indlela yokudla irayisi ngendlela efanele ngokubuka ingane yakini noma umngane ekwenza.
Ukubaluleka Kwethiyori Yokufunda Komphakathi
Ku-psychology nemfundo, izibonelo zethiyori yokufunda komphakathi zivame ukubonakala. Lesi yisiqalo sokufunda ukuthi indawo ezungezile ikuthinta kanjani ukukhula nokufunda komuntu.
Isiza ekuphenduleni imibuzo enjengokuthi kungani ezinye izingane ziphumelela ezindaweni zanamuhla kuyilapho ezinye zihluleka. Ithiyori yokufunda ye-Bandura, ikakhulukazi, igcizelela ukuzimela.
Ithiyori yokufunda komphakathi nayo ingasetshenziswa ukufundisa abantu ngokuziphatha okuhle. Abacwaningi bangasebenzisa le thiyori ukuze baqonde futhi baqonde ukuthi abantu abayizibonelo ezinhle bangasetshenziswa kanjani ukuze kugqugquzelwe ukuziphatha okufiselekayo, nokusebenzelana kwengqondo, kanye nokweseka ushintsho lwezenhlalo.
Imiqondo Ebalulekile kanye Nezimiso Zethiyori Yokufunda Komphakathi
Ukuze uthole ukuqonda okwengeziwe ngethiyori yokufunda kwengqondo nezenhlalo, kubalulekile ukuqonda izimiso zayo nezingxenye ezibalulekile.
Imiqondo Eyinhloko Yethiyori Yokufunda Komphakathi
Ithiyori isuselwe emiqondweni emibili eyaziwa kakhulu yokuziphatha kwengqondo:
Ithiyori ye-Conditioning, yathuthukiswa isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseMelika u-B.F. Skinner ichaza imiphumela yempendulo noma isenzo esithinta amathuba ayo okuphindaphinda. Lokhu kubhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kwemivuzo nezijeziso ukulawula ukuziphatha komuntu. Lena indlela esetshenziswa kukho konke kusukela ekukhuliseni izingane kuya ekuqeqeshweni kwe-AI.
I-Classical Conditioning Theory, eyasungulwa isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseRussia u-Ivan Pavlov, ibhekisela ekuxhumaneni kwezinto ezimbili ezishukumisa ingqondo yomfundi ukuze kwakhe ukuhlangana nomthelela womzimba.
Waqala ukubheka ubuntu njengenqubo yokuxhumana phakathi kwamanani amathathu: (1) Imvelo – (2) Indlela Yokuziphatha – (3) Ngokwengqondo inqubo yokuthuthuka yomuntu ngamunye.
Wathola ukuthi ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa konodoli be-boho, lezi zingane zashintsha ukuziphatha kwazo ngaphandle kwesidingo semivuzo noma izibalo zangaphambili. Ukufunda kwenzeka ngenxa yokubuka esikhundleni sokuqiniswa, njengoba ababephikisana ngokuziphatha ngaleso sikhathi. Incazelo yababhali bezimilo bangaphambili mayelana nokufunda kokuphendula umfutho, ngokusho kuka-Bandura, yayilula kakhulu futhi inganele ukuchaza konke ukuziphatha kanye nemizwelo yomuntu.
Izimiso Zethiyori Yokufunda Komphakathi
Ngokusekelwe kule mibono emibili, kanye nocwaningo olunamandla, u-Bandura uhlongoze izimiso ezimbili zokufunda komphakathi:
#1. Funda ngokubheka noma nge-stereotyping
Ithiyori yokufunda komphakathi iqukethe izingxenye ezine:
Attention
Uma sifuna ukufunda okuthile, kumelwe siqondise imicabango yethu. Ngokufanayo, noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka ekugxiliseni ingqondo kunciphisa ikhono lokufunda ngokubuka. Ngeke ukwazi ukufunda kahle uma ulele, ukhathele, uphazamisekile, unezidakamizwa, udidekile, ugula, unovalo, noma ngenye indlela. Ngokufanayo, sivame ukuphazamiseka lapho kukhona ezinye izisusa.
Ukugcinwa
Ikhono lokugcina inkumbulo yalokho esigxilise ukunaka kwethu kukho. Sikhumbula esikubonile kumodeli ngendlela yokulandelana kwesithombe sengqondo noma izincazelo zamazwi; kweminye imishwana, abantu bakhumbula abakubonayo. Khumbula ngesimo sezithombe nolimi ukuze sikukhiphe futhi sikusebenzise lapho sikudinga. Abantu bazokhumbula izinto ezenza umbono omkhulu kubo isikhathi eside.
Ukuphindaphinda
Ngemva kokunaka nokugcinwa, umuntu uzohumusha izithombe zengqondo noma izincazelo zolimi zibe ukuziphatha kwangempela. Ikhono lethu lokulingisa liyothuthuka uma siphindaphinda lokho esikubonile ngezenzo zangempela; abantu abakwazi ukufunda lutho ngaphandle kokwenza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuzicabangela thina ngokulawula ukuziphatha kuzokwandisa amathuba ethu okuphindaphinda.
Motivation
Lesi isici esibalulekile sokufunda umsebenzi omusha. Sinezibonelo ezikhangayo, inkumbulo, nekhono lokulingisa, kodwa ngeke sikwazi ukufunda ngaphandle uma sinesizathu sokulingisa ukuziphatha. sebenza kahle. U-Bandura washo ngokungananazi ukuthi kungani sikhuthazekile:
a. Isici esiyinhloko sokuziphatha kwendabuko ukuqiniswa okudlule.
b. Ukuqinisa kuthenjiswa njengomvuzo oqanjiwe.
c. Ukuqiniswa okucacile, isenzakalo lapho sibona futhi sikhumbula iphethini eqinisiwe.
d. Isijeziso esikhathini esidlule.
e. Isijeziso sithenjisiwe.
f. Isijeziso esingashiwongo ngokucacile.
#2. Isimo somqondo sibucayi
Ngokuka-Bandura, ezinye izici ngaphandle kokuqinisa imvelo umthelela wokuziphatha nokufunda. Ngokusho kwakhe, ukuqinisa kwangaphakathi kuwuhlobo lomvuzo osuka ngaphakathi kumuntu futhi uhlanganisa imizwa yokuziqhenya, ukwaneliseka, kanye nezimpumelelo. Ixhumanisa imibono yokufunda nokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo ngokugxila emibonweni yangaphakathi nemibono. Ngisho noma amathiyori okufunda komphakathi kanye nezinkolelo-mbono zokuziphatha evame ukuxutshwa ezincwadini, u-Bandura ubhekisela endleleni yakhe ngokuthi "indlela yokuqonda komphakathi yokufunda" ukuze ahlukanise ezindleleni ezahlukene.
#3. Ukuzithiba
Ukuzithiba kuyinqubo yokulawula ukuziphatha kwethu, lena indlela yokusebenza eyakha ubuntu bomuntu ngamunye wethu. Uphakamisa izenzo ezintathu ezilandelayo:
- Ukuzibheka: Sivamise ukuba nezinga elithile lokulawula ukuziphatha kwethu lapho sizihlola thina kanye nezenzo zethu.
- Ukuhlola okuhlosiwe: Siqhathanisa esikubonayo nohlaka lwereferensi. Ngokwesibonelo, sivame ukuhlola ukuziphatha kwethu ngokukuqhathanisa nezinkambiso zomphakathi ezamukelekayo, njengezimiso zokuziphatha, indlela yokuphila, kanye nezibonelo. Kungenjalo, singasetha imibandela yethu, engase ibe phezulu noma ibe phansi kunenkambiso yemboni.
- Umsebenzi wokuziphendulela: Sizosebenzisa umsebenzi wokuziphendulela ukuze sizivuze uma sijabule ukuziqhathanisa nezindinganiso zethu. Futhi sivame ukusebenzisa umsebenzi wokuziphendulela ukuze sizijezise uma singajabule ngemiphumela yokuqhathanisa. Lawa makhono okuzicabangela angaboniswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, njengokujabulela isitsha se-pho njengomvuzo, ukubona ifilimu enhle, noma ukuzizwa kahle ngawe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, sizobhekana nobuhlungu futhi sizilahle ngokucasuka nokunganeliseki.
Related:
Izicelo ze-Social Learning Theory
Iqhaza Lothisha Nontanga Ekugqugquzeleni Ukufunda Komphakathi
Kwezemfundo, ukufunda komphakathi kwenzeka lapho abafundi bebuka othisha babo noma ontanga futhi belingisa ukuziphatha kwabo ukuze bathole amakhono amasha. Ihlinzeka ngamathuba okufunda enzeka ezilungiselelweni ezihlukahlukene nakumazinga amaningi, wonke ancike kakhulu ekukhuthazeni.
Ukuze abafundi basebenzise amakhono asanda kutholwa futhi bathole ulwazi oluhlala njalo, badinga ukuqonda izinzuzo zokuzama okuthile okusha. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngokuvamile kuwumqondo omuhle ukusebenzisa ukuqinisa okuhle njengokwesekwa kokufunda kwabafundi.
Ekilasini, ithiyori yokufunda komphakathi ingasetshenziswa ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- Ukushintsha indlela esifundisa ngayo
- Ukumaketha
- Abafundisi basebenzisa izisusa ukuze bathuthukise ukufunda okugqugquzelwe ngaphakathi
- Ukuqinisa izibopho nobudlelwano phakathi kwabafundi
- Ukuhlola kontanga, ukufundisa kontanga, noma ukuqondisa kontanga
- Izethulo noma amavidiyo enziwe abafundi
- Ukubona futhi uvuze abafundi ababonisa ukuziphatha oyifunayo
- Izingxoxo
- Ukudlala indima okwenziwe ngumfundi noma amaskithi evidiyo
- Kuqashwe ukusetshenziswa kwezinkundla zokuxhumana
Indawo Yomsebenzi Nenhlangano
Amabhizinisi angasebenzisa ukufunda komphakathi ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Lapho amasu okufunda komphakathi ehlanganiswa ngokuphila kwansuku zonke, angaba yindlela yokufunda esebenza kahle kakhulu. Abantu abafunda kangcono ezindaweni zomphakathi nabo bangazuza kakhulu ekufundeni komphakathi, okuyibhonasi kumabhizinisi afisa ukusebenzisa lo mqondo wokufunda ngaphakathi kwabasebenzi bawo.
Kunezinketho eziningi zokuhlanganisa ukufunda komphakathi ekufundeni kwezinkampani, ngayinye edinga amazinga ahlukene omsebenzi.
- Funda ngokubambisana.
- Thola Ulwazi nge-Idea Generation
- Njengesibonelo, ukuqhathaniswa kobuholi obujwayelekile
- Ukusebenzisana kwezokuxhumana
- Hambisa ngeWebhu
- Ukushintshaniswa Kwemfundo Yezenhlalakahle
- Ukuphathwa kolwazi lokufunda komphakathi
- Insiza yezemfundo ebandakanyayo
Uzakha Kanjani Izinhlelo Zokuqeqesha Eziphumelelayo Ngokusebenzisa Ithiyori Yokufunda Komphakathi
Ukufunda komphakathi kwenzeka emsebenzini lapho abantu bebuka abasebenza nabo futhi benaka abakwenzayo nokuthi bakwenza kanjani. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kucatshangelwe okulandelayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinhlelo zokuqeqesha ezisebenzayo ngokusebenzisa ithiyori yezenhlalo ngempumelelo ngangokunokwenzeka:
- Khuthaza abantu ukuthi babelane ngemibono yabo ehlukile, imiqondo, ama-anecdotes, kanye nolwazi lwabo.
- Sungula inethiwekhi yokufundisa ngaphakathi komphakathi
- Nweba ulwazi ngokwakha indawo yokusebenzela lapho abasebenzi bengaxoxa futhi bashintshisane ngemibono ngezihloko eziningi, futhi bakhe umbono wekusasa.
- Thuthukisa ukubambisana okusebenzayo kaningi, ukucela nokwamukela usizo komunye nomunye, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kweqembu, nokwabelana ngolwazi.
- Lungiselela izinkinga ngokushesha.
- Khuthaza isimo sengqondo sokulalela abanye njengoba bephendula imibuzo yabo.
- Yenza abeluleki kubasebenzi abanolwazi ukuze basize ukuqashwa okusha.
Izitoreji Eziyinhloko
💡 Uma ufuna ithuluzi lemfundo eliwujuqu elisiza ukwenza inqubo yokufunda ihehe futhi ihehe, yiya ku. I-AhaSlides khona manje. Lolu uhlelo lokusebenza oluhle kakhulu lokufunda ngokuhlanganyela nokufunda, lapho abafundi befunda khona ekuzibandakanyeni okuhlukene kwengqondo njengemibuzo, ukuxoxisana, nezinkulumo mpikiswano.
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Uyini umqondo oyinhloko wethiyori yokufunda komphakathi?
Ngokombono wokufunda komphakathi, abantu bacosha amakhono okuxhumana nabantu ngokubuka nokulingisa izenzo zabanye. Indlela elula yokuthi izingane zifunde ukuziphatha komphakathi, ikakhulukazi kwabancane, ngokubheka nokubuka abazali noma ezinye izibalo ezibalulekile.
Yiziphi izinkolelo-mbono ezi-5 zokufunda komphakathi?
U-Albert Bandura Bandura, owathuthukisa umbono wethiyori yokufunda komphakathi, uphakamisa ukuthi ukufunda kwenzeka lapho kwenzeka izinto ezinhlanu:
Okubukwa
Attention
Ukugcinwa
Ukukhiqiza
Motivation
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Skinner ne-Bandura?
U-Bandura (1990) uthuthukise ithiyori ye-reciprocal determinism, echitha inkolelo-mbono ka-Skinner yokuthi ukuziphatha kunqunywa imvelo kuphela futhi esikhundleni salokho ubambe ukuthi ukuziphatha, umongo, kanye nezinqubo zokuqonda zisebenzelana zodwa, zibe nomthelela futhi zithonywe abanye ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ref: Simply Psychology
