Noma ngabe uphatha amaphrojekthi, uqhuba ibhizinisi, noma usebenza njengomuntu ozimele, iphrojekthi idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqhubekiseni ukukhula kwemodeli yebhizinisi lakho. Inikeza indlela ehlelekile nehlelekile yokuhlola ukusebenza kwephrojekthi, ukukhomba izindawo ezidinga ukuthuthukiswa, kanye nokuzuza imiphumela emihle. 

kulesi blog okuthunyelwe, sizocubungula ukuhlolwa kwephrojekthi, sithole incazelo yayo, izinzuzo, izingxenye ezibalulekile, izinhlobo, izibonelo zokuhlola iphrojekthi, ukubika ngemva kokuhlaziya, futhi sakhe inqubo yokuhlola iphrojekthi.

Ake sihlole ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwephrojekthi kungaliyisa kanjani ibhizinisi lakho ezingeni eliphezulu.

Okuqukethwe

• Kuyini Ukuhlolwa Kwephrojekthi?
• Izinzuzo Zokuhlolwa Kwephrojekthi
• Izingxenye Ezibalulekile Zokuhlolwa Kwephrojekthi
• Izinhlobo Zokuhlolwa Kwephrojekthi
• Izibonelo Zokuhlola Iphrojekthi
• Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo Ukudala Ukuhlolwa Kwephrojekthi
• Ukuhlolwa kokuthunyelwe (Bika) 
• Izifanekiso Zokuhlola Iphrojekthi
• Izitoreji Eziyinhloko
• Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Amathiphu Okuhlanganyela Okungcono

• Ukuphatha iphrojekthi
• Ukuhlela Poker Online
• I-Project Management Software

Kuyini Ukuhlolwa Kwephrojekthi?

Ukuhlolwa kwephrojekthi ukuhlola ukusebenza kwephrojekthi, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nemiphumela. Kubandakanya idatha ukubona ukuthi iphrojekthi ehlaziya imigomo yayo futhi yahlangabezana nemibandela yempumelelo. 

Ukuhlolwa kwephrojekthi kudlulela ngalé kokulinganisa okuphumayo nokulethwayo; ihlola wonke umthelela kanye nenani elikhiqizwa iphrojekthi.

Ngokufunda kulokho okusebenzile nokungasebenzanga, izinhlangano zingathuthukisa ukuhlela kwazo futhi zenze izinguquko ukuze zithole imiphumela engcono kakhulu ngokuzayo. Kufana nokuthatha isinyathelo emuva ukuze ubone isithombe esikhulu futhi uthole indlela yokwenza izinto ziphumelele nakakhulu.

Izinzuzo Zokuhlolwa Kwephrojekthi

Ukuhlolwa kwephrojekthi kunikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezifaka isandla empumelelweni nasekukhuleni kwenhlangano, okuhlanganisa:

• Ithuthukisa ukwenziwa kwezinqumo: Isiza izinhlangano ukuthi zihlole ukusebenza kwephrojekthi, zihlonze izindawo okufanele zithuthukiswe, futhi ziqonde izici ezinomthelela empumelelweni noma ekuhlulekeni. Ngakho-ke bangakwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nokwabiwa kwezinsiza, ukubeka phambili iphrojekthi, nokuhlela amasu.
• Ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwephrojekthi:Ngokuhlola amaphrojekthi, izinhlangano zingakwazi ukubona amandla kanye nobuthakathaka phakathi kwamaphrojekthi azo. Lokhu kubavumela ukuthi basebenzise izinyathelo zokulungisa ukuze bathuthukise imiphumela yephrojekthi.
• Kuyasiza ukunciphisa ubungozi:Ngokuhlola njalo inqubekelaphambili yephrojekthi, izinhlangano zingakwazi ukubona izingozi ezingaba khona futhi zithathe izixazululo zokunciphisa ukuba nokwenzeka kokubambezeleka kwephrojekthi, ukweqiwa kwesabelomali, nezinye izinkinga ezingalindelekile.
• Iyakhuthaza ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo:Ngokuhlaziya ukwehluleka kwephrojekthi, izinhlangano zingathuthukisa izinqubo zazo zokuphatha amaphrojekthi, le ndlela ephindaphindayo yokuthuthukisa idrayivu emisha, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nempumelelo yephrojekthi iyonke.
• Kwenza ngcono ukusebenzelana nababambiqhaza nokwaneliseka:Ukuhlola imiphumela kanye nokuqoqa impendulo yababambe iqhaza kwenza izinhlangano ziqonde izidingo zabo, ezikulindele, namazinga okwaneliseka.  
• Ikhuthaza ukubeka izinto obala:Imiphumela yokuhlola ingadluliselwa kubabambiqhaza, ibonise izinto obala nokwakha ukwethembana. Imiphumela ihlinzeka ngokuhlolwa okuhlosiwe kokusebenza kwephrojekthi, iqinisekisa ukuthi amaphrojekthi ahambisana nezinjongo zamasu kanye nezinsiza zisetshenziswa ngendlela efanele.  

Izingxenye Ezibalulekile Zokuhlolwa Kwephrojekthi

1/ Izinjongo ezicacile kanye nemibandela

Ukuhlolwa kwephrojekthi kuqala ngokusungula izinjongo ezicacile nemibandela yokulinganisa impumelelo. Lezi zinhloso nemibandela zihlinzeka ngohlaka lokuhlola nokuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezinjongo zephrojekthi.

Nazi ezinye izibonelo zohlelo lokuhlola iphrojekthi nemibuzo engasiza ekuchazeni izinhloso nemibandela ecacile:

Imibuzo Yokuchaza Izinjongo Ezicacile:

1. Yiziphi izinjongo eziqondile esifuna ukuzifinyelela ngale phrojekthi?
2. Imiphi imiphumela elinganisekayo noma imiphumela esihlose yona?
3. Singayibala kanjani impumelelo yalo msebenzi?
4. Ingabe izinjongo zingokoqobo futhi ziyafinyeleleka ngaphakathi kwezinsiza ezinikeziwe nesikhathi esibekelwe?
5. Ingabe izinjongo zihambisana namasu abalulekile enhlangano?

Izibonelo Zemibandela Yokuhlola:

1. Ukusebenza kwezindleko:Ukuhlola ukuthi iphrojekthi yaqedwa yini ngaphakathi kwesabelomali esabelwe futhi ilethwe inani lemali.
2. Isikhathi esibekelwe: Ukuhlola ukuthi ngabe iphrojekthi yaqedwa yini ngaphakathi kweshejuli ehleliwe futhi yahlangabezana nezinyathelo ezibalulekile.
3. Quality: Ukuhlola ukuthi ingabe okulethwa iphrojekthi kanye nemiphumela kuyahlangabezana yini namazinga ekhwalithi anqunywe kusengaphambili.
4. Ukwaneliseka kwababambe iqhaza:Qoqa impendulo kubabambiqhaza ukuze ulinganise izinga lokwaneliseka kwabo ngemiphumela yephrojekthi.
5. Impembelelo: Ukulinganisa umthelela obanzi wephrojekthi enhlanganweni, amakhasimende, kanye nomphakathi.

2/ Ukuqoqwa Kwedatha Nokuhlaziywa

Ukuhlolwa kwephrojekthi okuphumelelayo kuncike ekuqoqeni idatha efanele ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kwephrojekthi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqoqwa kwedatha yobuningi nekhwalithi ngezindlela ezehlukene ezifana nezinhlolovo, izinhlolokhono, ukubonwa, nokuhlaziya imibhalo. 

Idatha eqoqiwe ibe isihlaziywa ukuze kutholakale imininingwane yamandla ephrojekthi, ubuthakathaka, nokusebenza kukonke. Nansi eminye yemibuzo eyisibonelo lapho ulungiselela ukuqoqa nokuhlaziya idatha:

• Iyiphi idatha ethile okufanele iqoqwe ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kwephrojekthi?
• Yiziphi izindlela namathuluzi azosetshenziswa ukuze kuqoqwe idatha edingekayo (isb., izinhlolovo, izinhlolokhono, okubhekiwe, ukuhlaziya imibhalo)?
• Obani ababambiqhaza ababalulekile okufanele kuqoqwe kubo idatha?
• Ingabe inqubo yokuqoqwa kwedatha izohlelwa futhi ihlelwe kanjani ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokuphelela?

3/ Ukukalwa Kokusebenza

Ukukalwa kokusebenza kubandakanya ukuhlola inqubekelaphambili yephrojekthi, imiphumela, kanye nemiphumela mayelana nezinjongo ezimisiwe nemibandela. Kuhlanganisa ukulandelela izinkomba zokusebenza eziyinhloko (ama-KPI) nokuhlola ukunamathela kwephrojekthi kumashejuli, isabelomali, amazinga ekhwalithi, kanye nezidingo zabathintekayo.

4/ Ukuzibandakanya Kwababambiqhaza

Ababambiqhaza abantu noma amaqembu athintwa ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile iphrojekthi noma anentshisekelo enkulu emiphumeleni yawo. Angafaka abaxhasi bephrojekthi, amalungu eqembu, abasebenzisi bokugcina, amakhasimende, amalungu omphakathi, nezinye izinhlangano ezifanele. 

Ukubandakanya ababambiqhaza ohlelweni lokuhlola iphrojekthi kusho ukubabandakanya kanye nokufuna imibono yabo, impendulo, kanye nemibono yabo. Ngokubandakanya ababambiqhaza, kucatshangelwa imibono yabo kanye nolwazi lwabo oluhlukene, okuqinisekisa ukuhlolwa okuphelele.

5/ Ukubika Nokuxhumana

Ingxenye yokugcina ebalulekile yokuhlolwa kwephrojekthi ukubika nokuxhumana kwemiphumela yokuhlola. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukulungiselela umbiko wokuhlola ophelele owethula okutholakele, iziphetho, nezincomo. 

Ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo kwemiphumela yokuhlola kuqinisekisa ukuthi ababambiqhaza bayaziswa ngokusebenza kwephrojekthi, izifundo ezitholiwe, kanye nezindawo ezingase zenziwe ngcono.

Izinhlobo Zokuhlolwa Kwephrojekthi

Ngokuvamile kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zokuhlolwa kwephrojekthi:

#1 - Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza

Lolu hlobo lokuhlola lugxile ekuhloleni ukusebenza kwephrojekthi ngokuhambisana nokuhambisana kwayo izinhlelo zephrojekthi, amashejuli, isabelomali,futhi izindinganiso zekhwalithi. 

Ihlola ukuthi ngabe iphrojekthi iyahlangabezana yini nezinjongo zayo, iletha imiphumela ehlosiwe, kanye nokusebenzisa izinsiza ngempumelelo.

#2 - Ukuhlolwa Kwemiphumela

Ukuhlolwa kwemiphumela kuhlola umthelela obanzi kanye nemiphumela yephrojekthi. Ibheka ngale kwemiphumela esheshayo futhi ihlola imiphumela yesikhathi eside kanye nezinzuzo ezikhiqizwa iphrojekthi. 

Lolu hlobo lokuhlola lubheka ukuthi iphrojekthi isiyifezile yini yona imigomo oyifunayo, wadala izinguquko ezinhle, futhi wanikela ku imithelela ehlosiwe.

#3 - Ukuhlola Inqubo

Ukuhlolwa kwenqubo kuhlola ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokuqaliswa kwephrojekthi. Ihlola ukuphathwa kwephrojekthi amasu, izindlela, Futhi izindlelaesetshenziselwe ukwenza iphrojekthi.  

Lolu hlobo lokuhlola lugxile ekuhlonzeni izindawo okufanele zenziwe ngcono ekuhleleni iphrojekthi, ukwenziwa, ukuxhumanisa, nokuxhumana.

#4 - Ukuhlolwa Komthelela

Ukuhlolwa komthelela kudlula ngisho nokuhlolwa kwemiphumela futhi kuhloswe ukunquma ukuthi iphrojekthi ithini ubudlelwano bembangelanezinguquko eziphawuliwe noma imithelela.  

Ifuna ukuqonda ukuthi iphrojekthi ingahlanganiswa kangakanani nemiphumela nemithelela ezuziwe, kucatshangelwa izici zangaphandle kanye nezinye izincazelo ezingaba khona.

* Qaphela:Lezi zinhlobo zokuhlola zingahlanganiswa noma zenzelwe ukuthi zivumelane nezidingo eziqondile zephrojekthi nomongo.  

Izibonelo Zokuhlola Iphrojekthi

Izibonelo ezihlukene zokuhlolwa kwephrojekthi yilezi:

#1 - Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza 

Iphrojekthi yokwakha ihlose ukuqeda isakhiwo phakathi nesikhathi esinqunyiwe kanye nesabelomali. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kuzohlola inqubekelaphambili yephrojekthi, ukubambelela ohlelweni lokwakha, ikhwalithi yomsebenzi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza. 

#2 - Ukuhlolwa Kwemiphumela

Inhlangano engenzi nzuzo isebenzisa iphrojekthi yokuthuthukisa umphakathi mayelana nokuthuthukisa amazinga okufunda nokubhala ezindaweni ezintulayo. Ukuhlolwa kwemiphumela kuzobandakanya ukuhlola amazinga okufunda nokubhala, ukuya esikoleni, nokuzibandakanya komphakathi. 

#3 - Ukuhlolwa Kwenqubo - Izibonelo Zokuhlola Iphrojekthi

Iphrojekthi ye-IT ibandakanya ukuqaliswa kwesistimu entsha yesofthiwe kuyo yonke iminyango yenkampani. Ukuhlolwa kwenqubo kuzohlola izinqubo zokuqaliswa kwephrojekthi nemisebenzi.

#4 - Ukuhlolwa Komthelela

Uhlelo lwezempilo yomphakathi luhlose ukunciphisa ukusabalala kwesifo esithile kubantu okuhlosiwe. Ukuhlolwa komthelela kuzohlola igalelo lephrojekthi ekwehlisweni kwamazinga ezifo kanye nokwenza ngcono emiphumeleni yezempilo yomphakathi.

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo Ukudala Ukuhlolwa Kwephrojekthi

Nansi inkomba yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukukusiza ukuthi udale ukuhlolwa kwephrojekthi:

1/ Chaza Inhloso Nezinjongo

• Yisho ngokucacile inhloso yokuhlola, njengokusebenza kwephrojekthi noma imiphumela yokukala.
• Misa izinhloso eziqondile ezihambisana nenjongo yokuhlola, ugxile kulokho ohlose ukukuzuza.

2/ Khomba Imibandela Yokuhlola Nezinkomba

• Khomba indlela yokuhlola yephrojekthi. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukusebenza, ikhwalithi, izindleko, ukubambelela kweshejuli, nokwaneliseka kwababambe iqhaza.
• Chaza izinkomba ezilinganisekayo kumbandela ngamunye ukuze kube lula ukuqoqwa nokuhlaziya idatha.

3/ Hlela Izindlela Zokuqoqwa Kwedatha

• Khomba izindlela namathuluzi okuqoqa idatha efana nezinhlolovo, izinhlolokhono, okubonwayo, ukuhlaziya amadokhumenti, noma imithombo yedatha ekhona.
• Dizayina uhlu lwemibuzo, imihlahlandlela yenhlolokhono, izinhlu zokubheka, noma amanye amathuluzi okuqoqa idatha edingekayo. Qinisekisa ukuthi zicacile, zifushane, futhi zigxile ekuqoqeni ulwazi olufanele.

4/ Qoqa Idatha

• Sebenzisa izindlela ezihleliwe zokuqoqa idatha futhi uqoqe ulwazi oludingekayo. Qinisekisa ukuthi ukuqoqwa kwedatha kwenziwa ngokungaguquki nangokunembile ukuze uthole imiphumela ethembekile. 
• Cabangela usayizi wesampula ofanelekile kanye nababambiqhaza okuqondiwe ukuze kuqoqwe idatha.

5/ Hlaziya Idatha

Uma idatha isiqoqiwe, ihlaziye ukuze uthole imininingwane enengqondo. Ungasebenzisa amathuluzi namasu ukuze utolike idatha futhi uhlonze amaphethini, amathrendi, nokutholakele okubalulekile. Qinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlaziya kuhambisana nenqubo yokuhlola kanye nezinjongo.

6/ Dweba iziphetho bese wenza izincomo

• Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlola, phetha ukusebenza kwephrojekthi.
• Yenza izincomo ezisebenzayo zokuthuthukisa, ugqamisa izindawo ezithile noma amasu okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwephrojekthi.
• Lungiselela umbiko ophelele owethula inqubo yokuhlola, okutholiwe, iziphetho, nezincomo.

7/ Xhumana Futhi Yabelana Ngemiphumela 

• Yabelana ngemiphumela yokuhlola nababambiqhaza abafanelekile nabathatha izinqumo.
• Sebenzisa okutholakele kanye nezincomo ukwazisa ukuhlelwa kwephrojekthi yesikhathi esizayo, ukwenza izinqumo, kanye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo.

Ukuhlolwa kokuthunyelwe (Bika) 

Uma usuqedile ukuhlola iphrojekthi, yisikhathi sombiko wokulandelela ukuze unikeze umbono ophelele wenqubo yokuhlola, imiphumela yayo, nemithelela kumaphrojekthi. 

Nawa amaphuzu okudingeka uwakhumbule uma ubika ngemuva kokuhlaziya:

• Nikeza isifinyezo esifushane sokuhlola, okuhlanganisa inhloso yako, okutholakele okubalulekile, nezincomo.
• Imininingwane yendlela yokuhlola, okuhlanganisa izindlela zokuqoqa idatha, amathuluzi, namasu asetshenzisiwe.
• Yethula okutholakele okubalulekile kanye nemiphumela yokuhlola.
• Gqamisa izimpumelelo ezibalulekile, impumelelo, nezindawo okufanele zithuthukiswe.
• Xoxa ngemithelela yokuhlolwa okutholwe kanye nezincomo zokuhlelwa kwephrojekthi, ukuthathwa kwezinqumo, nokwabiwa kwezinsiza.

Izifanekiso Zokuhlola Iphrojekthi

Nazi izifanekiso zokuhlola iphrojekthi sezizonke. Ungayenza ngendlela oyifisayo ngokusekelwe kuphrojekthi yakho ethile kanye nezidingo zokuhlola:

Izitoreji Eziyinhloko 

Ukuhlolwa kwephrojekthi kuyinqubo ebalulekile esiza ukuhlola ukusebenza, imiphumela, nokusebenza kwephrojekthi. Inikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokuthi yini esebenze kahle, izindawo zokuthuthukiswa, kanye nezifundo ezifundiwe. 

Futhi ungakhohlwa I-AhaSlidesdlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lokuhlola. Sihlinzeka izifanekiso ezenziwe ngaphambilininge izici ezisebenzisanayo, engasetshenziswa ukuqoqa idatha, imininingwane kanye nokubandakanya ababambiqhaza! Ake sihlole!

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Ref: Umphathi wephrojekthi | Eval Community | I-AHRQ