Ukuqaliswa kwephrojekthiyisigaba esibucayi esiguqula izinhlelo zibe iqiniso. Isikhathi sokuzenzela noma sekhefu lapho umbono uhlangabezana nesenzo, futhi impumelelo incike kumasu asebenzayo.

Kulo mbhalo webhulogi, sizohlola ukubaluleka kwesu lokuqaliswa kwephrojekthi, sembule indima yalo ebalulekile ekufezeni imigomo yenhlangano, futhi sinikeze isiqondiso esibalulekile sendlela yokuqalisa iphrojekthi nezinto okufanele zigwenywe lapho kuqaliswa. 

Ake siqale!

Okuqukethwe

• Kuyini Ngempela Ukuqaliswa Kwephrojekthi?
• Kuyini Ukubaluleka Kokuqaliswa Kwephrojekthi?
• Yiziphi Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Zohlelo Lokuqalisa?
• Izinyathelo Zokuqalisa Iphrojekthi Ngempumelelo
• Izinto Ezingu-5 Ezibalulekile Ongazigwema Ekuqalisweni Kwephrojekthi
• Amathuluzi Okudala Uhlelo Lokuqalisa Lokusebenza 
• Izitoreji Eziyinhloko
• imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Kuyini Ngempela Ukuqaliswa Kwephrojekthi?

Ukuqaliswa komklamo kuyisigaba lapho iphrojekthi ehleliwe iqala ukusebenza futhi yenziwe. Kubandakanya ukuguqula imisebenzi ehleliwe, imisebenzi, namasu kube yimiphumela elinganisekayo. 

Ngalesi sigaba, abaphathi bephrojekthi namaqembu basebenza ndawonye ukuze baxhumanise imisebenzi, banikeze izinsiza ngempumelelo, baphathe izikhathi ezibekiwe, babele izibopho, baqaphe inqubekelaphambili, futhi bazivumelanise nezinguquko noma izimo ezingalindelekile. 

Ukuqaliswa komklamo ngokuvamile kudinga ukusebenzisana kuyo yonke iminyango noma ababambiqhaza abahlukahlukene, ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okushelelayo nokuxhumana ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela efiselekayo.

Amathiphu Okuhlanganyela Okungcono

• Ukuphatha iphrojekthi
• I-Microsoft Project Alternatives
• Indlela Yezimpophoma

Kuyini Ukubaluleka Kokuqaliswa Kwephrojekthi?

Ukuqaliswa kwephrojekthi kuyibhuloho phakathi kokuhlela nempumelelo, ngaphandle kokuqaliswa okufanele, ngisho nezinhlelo ezibekwe kahle zingahlala ziyimibono nje. 

• Iphendula uhlelo lube ngokoqobo.
• Iqinisekisa ukuthi amaphrojekthi ahambisana nombono jikelele kanye nenhloso yenhlangano futhi abambe iqhaza ekukhuleni nasekuphumeleleni kwayo.
• Iqinisekisa ukuthi izinsiza ezifanele, okuhlanganisa ezezimali, abantu, nezinto ezibonakalayo, zisetshenziswa ukwenza imisebenzi yephrojekthi.

Yiziphi Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Zohlelo Lokuqalisa?

Uhlelo lokusebenzisa ngokuvamile luqukethe izingxenye ezimbalwa eziqondisa ukwenziwa kwephrojekthi. Izinto ezithile zingahluka kuye ngohlobo lwephrojekthi, kodwa nazi izinto ezi-4 ezivamile:

1. Izinjongo zephrojekthi kanye nobubanzi: Chaza ngokucacile izinhloso zephrojekthi, uchaze lokho iphrojekthi ehlose ukukufeza. Khomba ububanzi bomsebenzi, ucacise imingcele kanye nezinto ezilethwa iphrojekthi.
2. Umugqa wesikhathi namangqopha-mlando: Dala umugqa wesikhathi onemininingwane oveza imisebenzi esemqoka yephrojekthi, imisebenzi, kanye nezinyathelo ezibalulekile. Setha amadethi athile noma izikhathi ezimisiwe zokuqeda umsebenzi ngamunye kanye nokufeza ingqophamlando yephrojekthi ebalulekile.
3. Ukwabiwa kwensiza:Nquma izinsiza ezidingekayo kuphrojekthi, njengezinsiza zabantu, okokusebenza, izinto zokwakha, kanye nezezimali. Nikeza izinsiza ngendlela efanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziyatholakala uma zidingeka futhi zihambisana nezidingo zephrojekthi. 
4. Imisebenzi neqhaza: Chaza ngokucacile izindima nezibopho zamalungu eqembu abandakanyekayo kuphrojekthi. Nikeza imisebenzi ethile nokuziphendulela kubantu ngabanye noma emaqenjini, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu uyayiqonda indima yakhe enqubweni yokuqaliswa.

Izinyathelo Zokuqalisa Iphrojekthi Ngempumelelo

Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo, ungathuthukisa amathuba okuqalisa ngempumelelo iphrojekthi:

Isinyathelo 1 - Thola wonke umuntu ekhasini elifanayo: 

Njengomphathi wephrojekthi, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bonke ababambiqhaza baluqonda ngokucacile uhlelo lwephrojekthi, izinjongo zayo, nemiphumela elindelekile. Xhumana neqembu ngohlelo lwephrojekthi, ucacise noma yikuphi ukungabaza, futhi uphendule imibuzo noma izinkathazo ukuze uthole ukuqonda okwabiwe.

Isinyathelo sesi-2 - Yakha uhlelo lwephrojekthi enemininingwane: 

Dala uhlelo oluphelele lwephrojekthi oluchaza imisebenzi, izikhathi, izinsiza, kanye nokuncika okuhilelekile. 

• Isibonelo, uma iphrojekthi izokwethula umkhankaso wokumaketha, uhlelo luzobandakanya imisebenzi efana nocwaningo lwemakethe, ukuklama izinto zokumaketha, ukuhlela ukubekwa kokukhangisa, nokwenza imikhankaso yenkundla yezokuxhumana, enezikhathi ezithile zomsebenzi ngamunye.

Isinyathelo sesi-3 - Bandakanya futhi uqondise iqembu: 

Bandakanya ithimba lephrojekthi futhi uqondise imizamo yabo kumigomo yephrojekthi. 

• Chaza ngokucacile izindima nezibopho, uqinisekise ukuthi ilungu ngalinye leqembu liyayiqonda imisebenzi yalo nokuthi linikela kanjani empumelelweni yephrojekthi. 
• Gqugquzela indawo yokusebenzisana ekhuthaza ukuxhumana okuvulekile nokusebenza kweqembu.

Isinyathelo sesi-4 - Hlukanisa imisebenzi bese usetha okubalulekile: 

Hlukanisa uhlelo lwephrojekthi lube imisebenzi emincane, elawulekayo. Nquma ukuncika kwemisebenzi futhi uhlonze imisebenzi ebalulekile. Setha okubalulekile bese usungula ukulandelana okunengqondo kokwenziwa komsebenzi. 

Ngale ndlela, ungakwazi ukuhlela umsebenzi weqembu futhi uqinisekise ukugeleza okushelelayo ukusuka komunye umsebenzi ukuya komunye.

Isinyathelo sesi-5 - Isikhathi sibalulekile: 

Udinga ukudala umugqa wesikhathi ongokoqobo onedethi yokuqala neyokuphela komsebenzi ngamunye futhi usethe ingqopha-mlando ukuze umake izimpumelelo ezibalulekile noma izigaba zephrojekthi. Qinisekisa ukuthi umugqa wesikhathi uthinta ukuncika komsebenzi kanye nokutholakala kwezinsiza. Gada njalo inqubekelaphambili ngomugqa wesikhathi futhi ulungise njengoba kudingeka.

Isinyathelo sesi-6 - Nikeza izinsiza ngempumelelo: 

Yabela izinsiza, okuhlanganisa izinsiza zabantu, izinto zokwakha, nezinto zokusebenza, ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zomsebenzi. Qinisekisa ukuthi izinsiza ziyatholakala uma kudingeka nokuthi zihambisana nesabelomali sephrojekthi. Lungiselela ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle futhi unciphise izingqinamba. 

Isinyathelo sesi-7 - Bheka ukuqhubeka futhi ulawule ubungozi: 

Landela ukuqedwa komsebenzi, thola izingqinamba, futhi ulungise noma yikuphi ukuchezuka ngokushesha. Sebenzisa amasu okulawula ubungozi ngokuhlonza izingozi ezingaba khona, uhlole umthelela wazo, futhi uthuthukise izinhlelo zokunciphisa. Hlala ubuyekeze futhi ubuyekeze indlela yokulawula ubungozi njengoba iphrojekthi iqhubeka. 

Isinyathelo sesi-8 - Xhumana futhi uhlanganyele:

Ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo nokusebenzisana kuyisihluthulelo sempumelelo. Ungakwazi ukugcina wonke umuntu enolwazi ngezibuyekezo ezivamile, ubambe imihlangano ukuze uxoxe ngenqubekelaphambili yethu, futhi unikeze impendulo ukuze ugcine umfutho uqhubeka. 

Ungakhohlwa ukubeka izinto obala kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga ngokushesha kuyizikhali zakho eziyimfihlo. Masisebenzise amathuluzi okubambisana nezinkundla ukuze senze ukwabelana ngolwazi kube lula.

Isinyathelo 9 - Hlela futhi ulungise:

Hlala uvumelana nezimo futhi usabela ezinguqukweni kuyo yonke iphrojekthi. Lindela izinselele ezingaba khona futhi ulungise uhlelo ngokufanele. 

Ngokuhlola ukusebenza kwethu njalo nokufunda kokuhlangenwe nakho, ungenza izinguquko ezidingekayo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi iphrojekthi isendleleni efanele.

Isinyathelo 10 - Bhala futhi ufunde: 

Kubalulekile ukugcina imibhalo efanele yalokho okwenzayo wena nethimba lakho, izinqumo enizenzayo, nemiphumela eniyizuzile. Thatha izifundo ezifundiwe phakathi nenqubo yokusebenzisa ukuze uthuthukise amaphrojekthi akho esikhathi esizayo. Yenza ukubuyekezwa kwangemuva kwephrojekthi ukuze uhlole impumelelo yephrojekthi futhi uhlonze izindawo okufanele zithuthukiswe.

Izinto Ezingu-5 Ezibalulekile Ongazigwema Ekuqalisweni Kwephrojekthi

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela izingibe nezinselele ezivamile ezingakhinyabeza impumelelo. Nazi izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzigweme ekusebenziseni iphrojekthi: 

• Ukuhlela okungalungile: Chaza izinjongo ezicacile, chaza ububanzi, dala uhlelo olunemininingwane yephrojekthi, futhi uhlonze ubungozi obungaba khona. Isibonelo, ukugijimela ekusebenziseni ngaphandle kokuhlela kahle kungaholela ekubambezelekeni nasekudluleleni kwesabelomali.
• Ukuntuleka kokuxhumana:Cabanga ngeqembu elisebenza kuphrojekthi ethile, kodwa akekho owaziyo ukuthi abanye benzani. Sungula imigudu yokuxhumana esebenzayo ukuze ugcine wonke umuntu enolwazi futhi ehambisana. Hlala ubuyekeza ababambiqhaza, ukhuthaze inkhulumomphendvulwano evulekile, futhi ubhekane nanoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka okuvelayo. 
• Ukwabiwa kwezinsiza ezinganele: Kudingeka ucabange ngesimo lapho ungenabo abantu abenele noma izinto zokwakha ukuze wenze umsebenzi. Ukuqinisekisa ukwabiwa okwanele kwezimali, abasebenzi, kanye nemishini. Gada ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza futhi wenze izinguquko ukuze ugweme izingqinamba futhi ugcine izinto zihamba kahle. 
• I-Scope creep:Cabanga ngephrojekthi eqhubeka ikhula futhi ithuthuka ngaphezu kwalokho obekuhleliwe ekuqaleni. Phatha izicelo zoshintsho ngokucophelela, uhlole umthelela wazo ngaphambi kokuzamukela. Hlala ugxilile ukuze uvimbele ukubambezeleka kanye nezindleko ezikhulayo. 
• Ukushoda kokulawulwa kobungozi: Khomba ngokuqhubekayo futhi uhlole ubungozi, uthuthukise amasu okunciphisa, futhi uqaphe ubungozi obuvelayo. Ukudebeselela ukulawulwa kwezinhlekelele kungase kubangele izithiyo ezingalindelekile. 

Amathuluzi Okudala Uhlelo Lokuqalisa Lokusebenza

I-AhaSlidesingakunikeza amathuluzi abalulekile ukukusiza ekusebenziseni iphrojekthi:   

• Imihlangano yeqembu kanye nezethulo: Ungakwazi ukuhlanganisa izici ze-multimedia, njengezithombe, amavidiyo, namashadi, ukuze uxhumane ngempumelelo nezibuyekezo zephrojekthi, inqubekelaphambili, neziqophamlando. I izici ezisebenzisanayo, like bukhoma amavoti, kwakha, Futhi Q&A, siza ukubandakanya izethameli futhi uqoqe impendulo ngesikhathi sangempela.
• Ukulandelela isimo sephrojekthi:I-AhaSlides ihlinzeka ngamathuluzi okubona ngeso lengqondo nokulandelela isimo sephrojekthi. Ungasebenzisa  izilinganiso ze-ordinal, amashadi, amagrafu, namabha enqubekela-phambili ukuze kuboniswe umlando wephrojekthi, imisebenzi eqediwe, neminqamulajuqu ezayo. Lokhu kuvumela amalungu eqembu ukuthi aqonde kalula ukuqhubeka kwephrojekthi futhi akhombe noma yiziphi izithiyo ezingaba khona.
• Ukubambisana nokuhlanganisa imibono:Ungakha izethulo ezisebenzisanayo noma izinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi lapho amalungu eqembu anganikela ngemibono yawo, anikeze okokufaka, futhi ahlanganyele ezingxoxweni. Izici ezifana bukhoma  ifu lamagama, kanye nemibuzo evulekile ikhuthaza ukusungula futhi ikhuthaze ukubamba iqhaza okubonakalayo.

Izitoreji Eziyinhloko 

Uhlelo lokuqaliswa kahle kwephrojekthi lubalulekile ekuguquleni imibono ibe ngokoqobo. Ngokulandela uhlelo olubanzi, ukugwema izingibe ezivamile, nokusebenzisa amathuluzi namasu asebenzayo, abaphathi bephrojekthi bangazulazula ezinkingeni zokuqaliswa ngempumelelo enkulu. 

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Ref: Forbes | I-Teamwork.com