Indlela Yezimpophoma | 2024 Ibhuku Elibanzi Lencwadi
Indlela oyikhethayo ingenza noma iphule iphrojekthi yakho. Indlela engalungile ingabhubhisa ngisho nezinhlelo ezibekwe kahle zisuka nje.
Kungakho kubalulekile ukuqonda ubunjalo beqiniso bendlela ye-Waterfall. Njengamagama ayo, i-Waterfall yehlisa amaphrojekthi phansi ezindleleni ezinqunywe kusengaphambili. Kodwa ingabe isakhiwo esiqinile sihambisana naso noma ihange?
Kuphela ngokuvala i-Waterfall eyomile ekucabangeni lapho singanquma ukuthi ukuthatha imisinga yayo kuyinkambo ehlakaniphile yini. Ngakho-ke ake singene ezinqenqemeni zayo ezinyakazayo nasezimpophomeni ezinyakazayo ukuze sifune amaqiniso alo ngaphansi komhlaba. Ukuhlola kwethu kuhlose ukungashiyi lutho, akukho mfihlakalo engaqondwa ekunikezeni amandla ukukhetha kwakho kwendlela.
Hlanganyela nathi futhi uzicwilise njengoba sikhipha ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kwe-Waterfall, sivimbezela izinqaba zayo, futhi sihlola izinhlelo zayo zokusebenza.
Okuqukethwe
Uhlolojikelele
| Ubani OdaleIndlela Yezimpophoma? | UDkt. Winston W. Royce |
| Kwaba niniI-Waterfall Methodology yakhiwe? | 1970 |
| Iyiphi indawo engcono kakhulu yokusebenzisa indlela ye-waterfall? | Ubunjiniyela besoftware kanye nokuthuthukiswa koMkhiqizo |
Mayelana Nendlela Yezimpophoma
| I-Waterfall Methodology Incazelo | Kuyindlela elandelanayo nehlelekile yokuphathwa kwephrojekthi. Kulandela ukuqhubekela phambili komugqa ukusuka kwesinye isigaba kuye kwesinye, isigaba ngasinye sakhela kwesedlule. |
| 6 Izigaba Zendlela Yezimpophoma | Ukuqoqwa Kwezimfuneko, Ukuklama, Ukusebenzisa, Ukuhlola, Ukusabalalisa, Nokugcinwa. |
| Izinzuzo ZeIndlela Yezimpophoma | Inikeza isakhiwo esicacile, igcizelela imibhalo, isungula izidingo ezichazwe kahle, futhi inikeza ukulawula kwephrojekthi. |
| nemiphumela ethile engathandekiOfIndlela Yezimpophoma | Ukuvumelana nezimo okulinganiselwe, ukuntuleka kokubamba iqhaza kwabathintekayo, ingozi ephezulu yezinguquko ezibizayo, kanye nokuvumelana nezimo okulinganiselwe ekungaqiniseki. |
| Isikhathi sokufaka isiceloIndlela Yezimpophoma | Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi anezidingo ezichazwe kahle nezizinzile, lapho iphrojekthi inezinjongo ezicacile kanye nobubanzi. |
| Ungafaka kuphiIndlela Yezimpophoma | Le modeli ijwayelekile ezimbonini ezifana nezokwakha, ezobunjiniyela, ezokukhiqiza kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesoftware. |
Amathiphu Okuhlanganyela Okungcono
Ufuna indlela yokusebenzisana yokuphatha iphrojekthi yakho kangcono?
Thola izifanekiso zamahhala nemibuzo ozoyidlalela imihlangano yakho elandelayo. Bhalisa mahhala futhi uthathe okufunayo kukho AhaSlides!
🚀 Thatha I-akhawunti Yamahhala
I-Waterfall Methodology Incazelo
Indlela ye-Waterfall (noma imodeli yempophoma) ekuphathweni kwephrojekthi iyindlela elandelanayo nelandelanayo esetshenziswa ukuphatha amaphrojekthi. Kulandela inqubo ehlelekile lapho isigaba ngasinye sephrojekthi siqedwa ngaphambi kokudlulela kwesinye. Indlela yokwenza ibizwa ngokuthi "impophoma" ngoba inqubekelaphambili igeleza ibheke phansi, efana nempophoma.
Imodeli ye-Waterfall ingasetshenziswa ezizindeni ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe, ubunjiniyela, nokwakha. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi anomnqamulajuqu oqinile, isabelomali esilinganiselwe, kanye nobubanzi obumisiwe.
6 Izigaba Zendlela Yezimpophoma
I-Waterfall Methodology ilandela indlela elandelanayo yokuphathwa kwephrojekthi, ehlanganisa izigaba ezihlukene. Ake sihlole lezi zigaba ngendlela eyenziwe lula:
1/ Ukuqoqwa Kwezidingo:
Kulesi sigaba, izidingo zephrojekthi ziyahlonzwa futhi zibhalwe phansi. Ababambe iqhaza kuphrojekthi babamba iqhaza ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi izidingo zabo kanye nalokho abakulindele kuqondwa kahle. Umgomo walesi sigaba uwukusungula isisekelo esiqinile sephrojekthi ngokuchaza lokho okufanele kuzuzwe.
Isibonelo, unephrojekthi yokuthuthukisa isofthiwe yewebhusayithi entsha ye-e-commerce. Kulesi sigaba, ithimba lakho lephrojekthi lizo:
- Xhumana nababambe iqhaza abahlukahlukene, njengabanikazi bamabhizinisi, ochwepheshe bezentengiso, kanye nabasebenzisi bokugcina abangaba khona, ukuze uqoqe imibono yabo kanye nezidingo zabo.
- Yenza izingxoxo, imihlangano, nama-workshops ukuze uqonde izinhloso, ukusebenza, kanye nokulindelwe kuwebhusayithi.
2/ Idizayini:
Lapho izidingo seziqoqiwe, isigaba sokuklama siqala. Lapha, ithimba lephrojekthi lidala ipulani enemininingwane yephrojekthi noma ipulani. Kuhlanganisa ukuchaza isakhiwo, izingxenye, nolwazi lomsebenzisi.
Isigaba Sokuklama sihlose ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu ohilelekile, okuhlanganisa abathuthukisi, abaklami, nabo bonke ababambiqhaza, banombono ocacile wesakhiwo nokubukeka kwephrojekthi.
3/ Ukuqaliswa:
Esigabeni sokuqalisa, umsebenzi wangempela wokuthuthukisa uyenzeka. Ithimba lephrojekthi liqala ukwakha izinto ezilethwa iphrojekthi ngokuya ngemininingwane yokuklama.
Kucabange njengokwakha indlu. Isigaba sokuSebenzisa yilapho abakhi beqala ukusebenza phezu kwesisekelo, izindonga, uphahla, amapayipi amapayipi, kanye nezinhlelo zikagesi. Balandela amapulani ezakhiwo futhi bawaguqule abe yizakhiwo ezibonakalayo.
Ngokufanayo, kulesi sigaba, abathuthukisi balandela izinhlelo zokuklama ezidalwe ngaphambili futhi babhale ikhodi edingekayo ukwenza iphrojekthi isebenze. Bahlanganisa ndawonye izingcezu ezihlukene zephrojekthi, njengezici, ukusebenza, nezixhumi ezibonakalayo, futhi bazixhume ngendlela esebenza ngayo ndawonye ngokushelela.
4/ Ukuhlola:
Ngemuva kwesigaba sokuqalisa, ukuhlolwa okuqinile kuyenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi nokusebenza kwephrojekthi. Izinhlobo ezehlukene zokuhlola, ezifana nokuhlolwa kweyunithi, ukuhlola ukuhlanganisa, nokuhlolwa kwesistimu, zenziwa ukuze kuhlonzwe noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka noma izinkinga.
Isigaba sokuhlola sihlose ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iphrojekthi ihlangabezana nezidingo ezishiwo futhi yenza njengoba kulindelekile.
5/ Ukuthunyelwa:
Ukuthunyelwa yisigaba lapho iphrojekthi isilungele ukukhishwa futhi isetshenziswe. Kwenzeka ngemva kokuqedwa kwesigaba sokuhlola.
Esigabeni Sokuthunyelwa, okulethwa iphrojekthi, njengesofthiwe noma iwebhusayithi, kuyakhululwa futhi kusetshenziswe emhlabeni wangempela. Kungenzeka ukuthi zifakwe endaweni yokukhiqiza, lapho yonke into isethelwe ukusetshenziswa kwangempela, noma ilethwe kuklayenti elicele iphrojekthi.
- Isibonelo, uma kuyiwebhusayithi, ithimba lephrojekthi lizomisa amaseva ewebhu, imininingwane yolwazi, nanoma iyiphi enye ingqalasizinda edingekayo. Bazoqinisekisa ukuthi yonke into ihlelwe kahle futhi isebenza kahle.
6/ Ukunakekela:
Phakathi nesigaba Sokulungisa, ithimba lephrojekthi lihlinzeka ngokusekela okuqhubekayo ukubhekana nanoma yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zivele. Umgomo oyinhloko wesigaba Sokulungisa uwukuqinisekisa ukuthi iphrojekthi iqhubeka isebenza kahle futhi ihlangabezana nokulindelwe ngabasebenzisi.
- Uma kutholwa iziphazamisi noma izinkinga kuphrojekthi, ithimba lisebenza ukuzilungisa.
- Ithimba liphinde libheke ekwenzeni izinguquko ezidingekayo noma ukuthuthukiswa kwephrojekthi ngokusekelwe kumpendulo yomsebenzisi noma izidingo ezintsha. Kuyafana nalapho uphakamisa ukungeza isici esisha kuhlelo lwakho lokusebenza oluthandayo, futhi onjiniyela bayalalela futhi basenze senzeke.
Ithimba lephrojekthi liyaqhubeka nokunikeza ukwesekwa, ukulungisa noma yiziphi izinkinga, futhi lenze izibuyekezo ezidingekayo noma izinguquko inqobo nje uma iphrojekthi ivuliwe. Lokhu kusiza ukugcina iphrojekthi ithembekile, ivikelekile, futhi isesikhathini samanje.
Izinzuzo kanye Nezingqinamba Zendlela Yezimpophoma
Izinzuzo
- Indlela Ecacile Neyakhiwe: I-Methodology inikeza indlela ecacile nehlelekile yokuphatha amaphrojekthi. Kulandela inqubo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo, okwenza kube lula ukuthi amaqembu ahlele futhi enze umsebenzi wawo.
- Amadokhumenti anemininingwane: Le modeli igcizelela ukubaluleka kwamadokhumenti kuzo zonke izigaba. Kusho ukuthi izidingo zephrojekthi, izinhlelo zokuklama, kanye nemininingwane yokuqaliswa kubhalwe kahle. Lawa madokhumenti awusizo ekusetshenzisweni kwesikhathi esizayo futhi asiza ekugcineni ulwazi luphelele enhlanganweni.
- Ukuhlonzwa Kwangaphambi kwesikhathi Kwezimfuneko: Le ndlela yokwenza igxile ekuhlonzeni nasekuchazeni izidingo zephrojekthi kusenesikhathi. Ngokwenza lokhu, unganciphisa ukungezwani okungaba khona noma izinguquko kububanzi. Inikeza isisekelo esiqinile sephrojekthi zisuka nje.
- Izinyathelo Ezicacile Nezokulethwa: Le ndlela yokwenza ivumela ukusethwa kwezinyathelo ezibalulekile nezingalethwa esigabeni ngasinye sephrojekthi. Lokhu kusiza abaphathi bephrojekthi balandelele ukuqhubeka futhi balinganise impumelelo ngokumelene nemigomo echazwe ngaphambilini. Inikeza umuzwa wokufeza okuthile njengoba iqembu liqeda ingqopha-mlando ngayinye.
nemiphumela ethile engathandeki
- Ukuvumelana nezimo okulinganiselwe: Indlela yokwenza inobubi bokungaguquguquki. Uma isigaba sesiqediwe, kuba inselele ukwenza izinguquko. Lo mkhawulo ungabangela ubunzima ekuzivumelaniseni nezimfuneko eziguqukayo noma ukufaka impendulo kamuva kuphrojekthi. Kungase kukhawulele ikhono lephrojekthi lokuguquguquka nokusabela ezidingweni eziguqukayo.
- Ukushoda Kwababambiqhaza: Kulo modeli, ababambiqhaza bangase babe nokubandakanyeka okulinganiselwe futhi banikeze impendulo kuphela ezigabeni zakamuva zephrojekthi. Lokhu kubambezeleka kokuxhumana kungaholela ekumangaleni noma ekudumazekeni uma umphumela wokugcina ungahlangabezani nokulindelwe ababambiqhaza.
- Ingozi Ephezulu Yezinguquko Ezibizayo: Ngenxa yemvelo elandelanayo yendlela yokwenza, ukwenza izinguquko noma ukubhekana nezinkinga ezitholwe ezigabeni zakamuva kungase kudle isikhathi futhi kubize. Ukulungisa iphrojekthi kudinga ukubuyela ezigabeni ezedlule, ezingaphazamisa umugqa wesikhathi wephrojekthi kanye nesabelomali. Lezi zinguquko zingase ziholele ezindlekweni ezengeziwe nokubambezeleka.
- Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okulinganiselwe ekungaqinisekini: Lo modeli uthatha ukuthi izidingo zephrojekthi zingaqondwa ngokugcwele futhi zichazwe ekuqaleni. Nokho, kumaphrojekthi ayinkimbinkimbi noma ezindaweni ezingaqinisekile, kungase kube inselele ukuqonda okuphelele kusengaphambili. Lo mkhawulo ungaholela ebunzimeni ekuletheni umphumela oyifunayo uma ubhekene nezimo ezingalindelekile noma izimo eziguqukayo.
Izindlela ezihlukene zingase zifaneleke kakhulu ezidingweni ezithile zephrojekthi kanye nesimo senhlangano. Ngakho-ke, ake siye esigabeni esilandelayo ukuze sazi ukuthi kufanele usebenzise nini imodeli yempophoma!
Kufanele Uyisebenzise Nini Futhi Kuphi Indlela Yezimpophoma?
Le ndlela yokwenza ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi anezidingo ezichazwe kahle nezizinzile, lapho iphrojekthi inezinjongo ezicacile kanye nobubanzi. Le modeli ijwayelekile ezimbonini ezifana nezokwakha, ezobunjiniyela, ezokukhiqiza kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesoftware.
Nazi ezinye izimo lapho i-Waterfall Methodology ingasetshenziswa khona ngempumelelo:
- Amaphrojekthi Alandelanayo Nengabikezelwa: Isebenza kahle kumaphrojekthi anohlelo olucacile lwemisebenzi nokugeleza okubikezelwayo, njengokwakha isakhiwo.
- Amaphrojekthi Amancane anezinjongo ezicacile: Isebenza kahle kumaphrojekthi amancane anezinjongo ezichazwe kahle, njengokwenza uhlelo lokusebenza olulula lweselula.
- Izidingo ezizinzile kanye nezinguquko ezinomkhawulo: Uma izidingo zephrojekthi zizinzile futhi kungenakwenzeka ukuthi zishintshe kakhulu, i-Waterfall Methodology ifanelekile.
- Izidingo zokuthobela kanye nemibhalo: Kuzuzisa amaphrojekthi adinga imibhalo ephelele kanye nokuhambisana nemithethonqubo, njengasezimbonini zokunakekelwa kwempilo noma ze-aerospace.
- Amaphrojekthi anezidingo zomsebenzisi ezichazwe kahle: Kusebenza lapho izidingo zomsebenzisi ziqondwa ngokucacile kusukela ekuqaleni, njengokwakha iwebhusayithi ngokuya ngemininingwane ethile yeklayenti.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-Waterfall Methodology ingase ingafaneleki kumaphrojekthi adinga ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, ukuhileleka njalo kwabathintekayo, noma ukusabela ekushintsheni izidingo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izindlela ze-Agile zivame ukukhethwa.
Izitoreji Eziyinhloko
I-Waterfall Methodology isebenza kahle kumaphrojekthi anemisebenzi elandelanayo nengabikezelwa, amaphrojekthi amancane anezinjongo ezicacile, noma amaphrojekthi abasebenzisi achazwe kahle. Kodwa-ke, ingase ingafaneleki kumaphrojekthi adinga ukuzivumelanisa nezimo nokubamba iqhaza njalo kwababambe iqhaza.
Ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi afana AhaSlides, ungathuthukisa ukuqaliswa kwe-Waterfall Methodology. AhaSlides inikeza okubalulekile izifanekiso futhi izici ezisebenzisanayo eqondisa ukuhlelwa kwephrojekthi, ukuklama, nokuxhumana. Nge AhaSlides, amaqembu angakha izethulo ezihehayo, alandelele ukuqhubeka ngempumelelo, futhi athuthukise yonke imiphumela yephrojekthi.
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Ithini imodeli yempophoma?
Indlela ye-Waterfall (noma imodeli yempophoma) ekuphathweni kwephrojekthi iyindlela elandelanayo nelandelanayo esetshenziswa ukuphatha amaphrojekthi. Kulandela inqubo ehlelekile lapho isigaba ngasinye sephrojekthi siqedwa ngaphambi kokudlulela kwesinye.
Yiziphi izigaba ezi-5 zemodeli yempophoma?
Nazi izigaba ezi-5 zemodeli yempophoma:
- Ukuqoqwa Kwezidingo
- Design
- Ukuqaliswa
- Ukuhlola
- Ukuthunyelwa kanye Nokugcinwa
Yiziphi izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwemodeli ye-Waterfall?
Indlela ye-waterfall inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi. Ngasohlangothini oluhle, inikeza indlela elandelanayo ecacile nehlelekile yokuphathwa kwephrojekthi. Isigaba ngasinye sempophoma siqhutshwa uhlelo futhi siyasho ngokwemvelo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imisebenzi nemiphumela ichazwa ngokucacile kusenesikhathi. Impophoma iphinda ibangele imibhalo enemininingwane esigabeni ngasinye, isiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izidingo ziqondwa ngokugcwele kusukela ekuqaleni. Ukuhlonzwa kusenesikhathi kwezidingo zabasebenzisi kanye nezigigaba ezicacile kunikeza ukubonakala kokulethwayo. Kodwa-ke, impophoma nayo iqinile futhi ivumelana nezimo okulinganiselwe uma isigaba sesiphelile. Ababambiqhaza banokubandakanyeka okuncane ngale kokuqalwa futhi kunengozi enkulu yezinguquko ezibizayo njengoba iphrojekthi iqhubeka ngesinyathelo sokuvala ngezigaba. Lolu hlobo olunqunyiwe luphinde lusho ukuthi impophoma inokuvumelana nezimo okulinganiselwe ukubhekana nokungaqiniseki kanye nezidingo ezishintshayo uma kubhekwa indlela yayo eqhutshwa kakhulu yimibhalo. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kuyekelwa ngokuvuna isakhiwo.