Maphunziro Otengera Gulu | Upangiri Wathunthu Wophunzitsira

Maphunziro otengera timu(TBL) yakhala gawo lofunikira pamaphunziro amasiku ano. Zimalimbikitsa ophunzira kugwirira ntchito limodzi, kugawana malingaliro, ndi kuthetsa mavuto pamodzi.

Mu positi iyi yabulogu, tiwona kuti kuphunzira kwa gulu kuli chiyani, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zogwira mtima, nthawi komanso komwe mungagwiritse ntchito TBL, komanso malangizo othandiza momwe mungaphatikizire munjira zanu zophunzitsira. 

M'ndandanda wazopezekamo 

• Kodi Maphunziro Otengera Magulu Ndi Chiyani?
• N'chifukwa Chiyani Maphunziro Otengera Magulu Amakhala Ogwira Ntchito?
• Kodi Maphunziro Otengera Magulu Angagwiritsidwe Ntchito Liti?
• Momwe Mungaphatikizire Maphunziro Otengera Magulu mu Njira Zophunzitsira?
• Team Base Learning Zitsanzo 
• Zitengera Zapadera 
• Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Malangizo Othandizira Kuchita Bwino

• Njira Zophunzirira Mwachangu
• Masewera Osewera
• Kodi Peer Mentoring ndi chiyani
• Cross Functional Team Management
• Zitsanzo zamagulu otsogolera
• Kodi Team Engagement ndi chiyani?

Kodi Maphunziro Otengera Magulu Ndi Chiyani?

Team Based Learning imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mayunivesite ndi m'makoleji, kuphatikizapo bizinesi, zaumoyo, uinjiniya, sayansi ya chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndi anthu, kuti apititse patsogolo chidwi cha ophunzira ndi kuganiza mozama, ndi kuphatikiza. DAM kwa maphunziroimathandizira izi polola aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira kuti aziwongolera, kugawana, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chuma cha digito mosavuta, ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale malo ophunzirira ogwirizana komanso ogwirizana.

Team Based Learning ndi njira yophunzitsira yogwira ntchito komanso yophunzitsa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono yomwe imaphatikizapo kukonza ophunzira m'magulu (ophunzira 5 - 7 pa gulu) kuti agwire ntchito limodzi pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zamaphunziro ndi zovuta. 

Cholinga chachikulu cha TBL ndikupititsa patsogolo luso la kuphunzira mwa kulimbikitsa kuganiza mozama, kuthetsa mavuto, mgwirizano, ndi luso loyankhulana pakati pa ophunzira.

Ku TBL, gulu lililonse la ophunzira limapatsidwa mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito maphunzirowa kudzera m'ndondomeko zotsatizana. Ntchito izi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo:

• Kuwerenga koyambirira kapena ntchito
• Kuwunika payekha
• Zokambirana zamagulu 
• Zochita zothetsa mavuto
• Kuwunika kwa anzawo

N'chifukwa Chiyani Maphunziro Otengera Magulu Amakhala Ogwira Ntchito?

Kuphunzira kwamagulu kwatsimikizira kukhala njira yabwino yophunzirira chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo zofunika. Nawa maubwino ena ophunzirira omwe ali pagulu: 

• Imaphatikiza ophunzira mwachangu pophunzira, kulimbikitsa kukhudzidwa kwakukulu ndi kuyanjana poyerekeza ndi njira zophunzirira zachikhalidwe.
• Imalimbikitsa ophunzira kuganiza mozama, kusanthula zomwe akudziwa, ndikufika pamalingaliro odziwa bwino kudzera muzokambirana mothandizana ndi ntchito zothetsera mavuto.
• Kugwira ntchito m'magulu mu Team Based Learning kumakulitsa luso lofunikira monga mgwirizano, kulankhulana kogwira mtima, ndi kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zamagulu, kukonzekera ophunzira kumalo ogwirira ntchito.
• TBL nthawi zambiri imaphatikiza zochitika zenizeni padziko lapansi komanso maphunziro amilandu, kulola ophunzira kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chaukadaulo pazochitika zenizeni, ndikulimbikitsa kumvetsetsa ndi kusunga.
• Zimapangitsa kuti ophunzira azikhala ndi udindo komanso udindopokonzekera payekha komanso kuchitapo kanthu mkati mwa gulu, zomwe zimathandizira kuti pakhale malo abwino ophunzirira.

Kodi Maphunziro Otengera Magulu Angagwiritsidwe Ntchito Liti?

1/ Maphunziro Apamwamba:

Kuphunzira Kwamagulu Amagulu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mayunivesite ndi m'makoleji, kuphatikizapo bizinesi, zaumoyo, uinjiniya, sayansi ya chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndi anthu, kuti apititse patsogolo kugwirizana kwa ophunzira ndi kulingalira mozama.

Maphunziro a 2/ K-12 (Masukulu Apamwamba):

Aphunzitsi a m'masukulu apamwamba angagwiritse ntchito TBL kulimbikitsa kugwira ntchito limodzi, kulingalira mozama, ndi kutenga nawo mbali mwakhama pakati pa ophunzira, kuwathandiza kumvetsetsa mfundo zovuta kupyolera mu zokambirana zamagulu ndi ntchito zothetsera mavuto.

3/ Mapulatifomu Ophunzirira pa intaneti:

TBL ikhoza kusinthidwa kukhala maphunziro apa intaneti, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zogwirizirana ndi mabwalo okambilana kuti atsogolere zochitika zamagulu komanso kuphunzira anzawo ngakhale pakompyuta.

4/ Chitsanzo cha M'kalasi Yopindidwa:

TBL imakwaniritsa chitsanzo chopindika cha m'kalasi, pomwe ophunzira amayamba amaphunzira zomwe zili paokha ndiyeno amachita zinthu mogwirizana, kukambirana, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso m'kalasi.

5/ Maphunziro Aakulu:

M'maphunziro akuluakulu otengera maphunziro, TBL itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kugawa ophunzira m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, kulimbikitsa kuyanjana kwa anzawo, kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu, komanso kumvetsetsa bwino zamaphunzirowa.

Momwe Mungaphatikizire Maphunziro Otengera Magulu mu Njira Zophunzitsira?

Kuti muphatikize bwino Team-Based Learning (TBL) mu njira zanu zophunzitsira, tsatirani izi:

1/ Yambani posankha zochita zoyenera:

Zochita zomwe mungasankhe zimadalira mutu ndi zolinga za phunzirolo. Ntchito zina zodziwika bwino za TBL ndi izi:

• Mayeso otsimikizira kukonzeka kwaumwini (RATs): Ma RAT ndi mafunso achidule omwe ophunzira amatengera phunziro lisanachitike kuti aunikire kumvetsetsa kwawo kwazinthuzo.
• Mafunso agulu: Mafunso amagulu ndi mafunso omwe amatengedwa ndi magulu a ophunzira.
• Kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi kukambirana:Ophunzira amagwirira ntchito limodzi kukambirana nkhaniyo ndi kuthetsa mavuto.
• lipoti: Magulu akupereka zomwe apeza kukalasi.
• Kuwunika anzawo:Ophunzira amawunika ntchito ya wina ndi mnzake.

2/ Onetsetsani kukonzekera kwa ophunzira:

Musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito TBL, onetsetsani kuti ophunzira amvetsetsa ziyembekezo ndi momwe ntchitozo zidzayendere. Izi zitha kuphatikizira kuwapatsa malangizo, kutengera zochita, kapena kuwapatsa zoyeserera.

3/ Perekani ndemanga:

Ndikofunika kupereka ndemanga kwa ophunzira pa ntchito yawo panthawi yonse ya TBL. Izi zitha kuchitika kudzera mu ma RAT, mafunso amagulu, komanso kuwunika kwa anzawo. 

Ndemanga zingathandize ophunzira kuzindikira mbali zomwe akuyenera kuwongolera ndi kuphunzira bwino.

4/ Khalani osinthika:

Team Based Learning ndi yosinthika. Yesani ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana ndi njira kuti mupeze zomwe zikuyenera ophunzira anu komanso zomwe zikugwirizana ndi malo ophunzirira.

5/ Fufuzani chitsogozo:

Ngati ndinu watsopano ku TBL, funani thandizo kwa aphunzitsi odziwa zambiri, werengani za TBL, kapena pita ku zokambirana. Pali zinthu zambiri zokuthandizani.

6/ Phatikizani ndi njira zina:

Phatikizani TBL ndi maphunziro, zokambirana, kapena masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti muphunzire bwino.

7/ Pangani magulu osiyanasiyana:

Pangani magulu okhala ndi luso losakanikirana komanso zokumana nazo (magulu osiyanasiyana). Izi zimalimbikitsa mgwirizano ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ophunzira onse amathandizira bwino.

8/ Khazikitsani zoyembekeza momveka bwino:

Khazikitsani malangizo omveka bwino ndi ziyembekezo kumayambiriro kwa ndondomeko ya TBL kuti athandize ophunzira kumvetsetsa maudindo awo ndi momwe ntchito zidzachitikira.

9/ Khalani oleza mtima:

Dziwani kuti zimatenga nthawi kuti ophunzira azolowere TBL. Khalani oleza mtima ndi kuwathandiza pamene akuphunzira kugwirira ntchito limodzi ndi kuchita zinthu.

Team Base Learning Zitsanzo 

Chitsanzo: M’kalasi la Sayansi

• Ophunzira amagawidwa m'magulu oyesera kupanga ndi machitidwe.
• Kenako amawerenga zomwe apatsidwa ndikumaliza mayeso a Readiness Assurance Test (RAT).
• Kenaka, amagwirizanitsa kupanga kuyesera, kusonkhanitsa deta, ndi kusanthula zotsatira.
• Pomaliza, amapereka zomwe apeza kwa kalasi.

Chitsanzo: Kalasi ya Masamu

• Ophunzira amagawidwa m'magulu kuti athetse vuto lovuta.
• Kenako amawerenga zomwe apatsidwa ndikumaliza mayeso a Readiness Assurance Test (RAT).
• Kenako amagwirira ntchito limodzi kukambirana njira zothetsera vutolo.
• Pomaliza, amapereka mayankho awo kwa kalasi.

Chitsanzo: Kalasi ya Bizinesi

• Ophunzira agawidwa m'magulu kuti apange ndondomeko yotsatsa malonda atsopano.
• Amawerenga zomwe adapatsidwa ndikumaliza mayeso a Readiness Assurance Test (RAT).
• Kenaka, amagwirizanitsa kufufuza msika, kuzindikira makasitomala omwe akufuna, ndikupanga njira yotsatsira.
• Potsirizira pake, amapereka dongosolo lawo kwa kalasi.

Chitsanzo: Sukulu ya K-12

• Ophunzira amagawidwa m'magulu kuti afufuze zochitika zakale.
• Amawerenga zomwe adapatsidwa ndikumaliza mayeso a Readiness Assurance Test (RAT).
• Kenako, amagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti asonkhanitse zambiri za chochitikacho, kupanga nthawi, ndikulemba lipoti.
• Pomaliza, amapereka lipoti lawo kwa kalasi.

Zitengera Zapadera

Polimbikitsa kutengapo mbali mokangalika komanso kuyanjana ndi anzawo, kuphunzira kwamagulu kumapanga malo ophunzirira omwe amapitilira njira zophunzirira zachikhalidwe.

Kuphatikiza apo, Chidwizitha kukuthandizani kukulitsa luso la TBL. Aphunzitsi amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe ake kuti azichita mafunso, kafukufukundipo mtambo wamawu, kupangitsa njira yolemeretsa ya TBL yomwe ikugwirizana ndi zosowa zamakono zophunzirira. Kuphatikizira AhaSlides mu TBL sikumangolimbikitsa kuchitapo kanthu kwa ophunzira komanso kumathandizira kuphunzitsa mwaluso komanso molumikizana, pamapeto pake kumakulitsa phindu la njira yamphamvu yophunzitsira iyi.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Ref: Ndemanga Zipatso | University of Vanderbilt