Njengenkokeli yeqela, kufuneka uqonde Amanqanaba ama-5 oPhuhliso lweQela ukunamathela kumsebenzi wakho. Iya kukunceda ube nombono ocacileyo wento ekufuneka yenziwe kwaye usazi isimbo sobunkokeli esisebenzayo kwinqanaba ngalinye, ikuvumela ukuba wakhe amaqela, uzisombulule iingxabano ngokulula, ufumane ezona ziphumo zibalaseleyo, kwaye uqhubeke uphucula umthamo weqela.
Ngokufika kwemifuziselo emitsha yendawo yokusebenza efana neemodeli ezikude kunye nezixubeneyo, ngoku kubonakala kungeyomfuneko ukufuna ukuba ilungu ngalinye leqela lisebenze kwiofisi emiselweyo. Kodwa ngeso sizathu, iinkokeli zeqela nazo kufuneka zifunde izakhono ezingaphezulu kwaye zibe nobuchule bokulawula nokuphuhlisa amaqela abo.
Ngenxa yokuba ukuguqula iqela libe liqela elisebenza kakuhle, iqela kufuneka lihlale linesikhokelo esicacileyo, iinjongo, kunye neminqweno ukususela ekuqaleni, kwaye umphathi kufuneka afumane iindlela zokuqinisekisa ukuba amalungu eqela ahambelana kwaye kwiphepha elifanayo.
| Ngubani owasungula iNqanaba leThiyori yoPhuhliso lweQela? | UBruce W. Tuckman |
| Nini Amanqanaba eThiyori yoPhuhliso lweQela efunyenwe? | phakathi kwe-1960s |
| Mangaphi amanqanaba akhoyo Amanqanaba eThiyori yoPhuhliso lweQela? | 5 |
Isiqulatho
Qala ngemizuzwana.
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Iingcebiso ezingakumbi ngeAhaSlides
Amanqanaba amahlanu oPhuhliso lweQela yinkqubo eyenziwe nguBruce Tuckman, i-American Psychologist, ngo-1965. Ngokufanelekileyo, ukuphuhliswa kweqela kwahlula kwiinqanaba ze-5: Ukuqulunqa, ukuvuthuza, ukuqhelanisa, ukwenza kunye nokumisela.
Olu luhambo lwamaqela asebenzayo ukusuka ekwakhiweni ukuya ekusebenzeni okuzinzileyo ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ngaloo ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukuchonga isigaba ngasinye sophuhliso lweqela, ukugqiba isimo kunye nokwenza izigqibo ezichanekileyo zokuqinisekisa ukuba iqela lifezekisa ukusebenza kakuhle.
Nangona kunjalo, ezi zigaba nazo azifuneki ukuba zilandelwe ngokulandelelana, kuba izigaba ezibini zokuqala zophuhliso lweqela le-Tuckman zijikeleze ubuchule bentlalo kunye neemvakalelo. Kwaye izigaba zesithathu nesine zijolise ngakumbi kuqhelaniso lomsebenzi. Ke, yenza uphando lwakho ngononophelo ngaphambi kokuba uqalise ukufaka isicelo seqela lakho!
Ukuzibandakanya ngakumbi neendibano zakho
Inqanaba loku-1: Ukusekwa – Amanqanaba oPhuhliso lweQela
Eli linqanaba xa iqela lisandul’ ukusekwa. Amalungu eqela awaqhelananga kwaye aqala ukwazana ukuze asebenzisane nomsebenzi okhawulezileyo.
Ngeli xesha, amalungu asenokungayiqondi ngokucacileyo injongo yeqela, kunye nemisebenzi ethile yomntu ngamnye kwiqela. Ikwalelona xesha lilula lokuba iqela lithathe izigqibo ngokwemvumelwano, kwaye akufane kubekho iingxabano ezibukhali kuba wonke umntu usalumkile omnye komnye.
Ngokubanzi, amalungu eqela aya kuziva evuya kakhulu ngomsebenzi omtsha kodwa baya kuba mathidala ukusondela kwabanye. Baza kuchitha ixesha bejonge kwaye bevotela abantu ukuba bazibeke kwiqela.
Kuba eli lixesha apho iindima zomntu ngamnye kunye noxanduva lungacacanga, amalungu eqela aya:
- Uxhomekeke kakhulu kwinkokeli ngesikhokelo kunye nesikhokelo.
- Vuma kwaye wamkele iinjongo zeqela ezifunyenwe kubunkokeli.
- Zivavanye ukuba zifanelekile na kwinkokeli kunye neqela.
Ke ngoko, umsebenzi wenkokeli ngoku kuku:
- Zilungiselele ukuphendula imibuzo emininzi malunga neenjongo zeqela, iinjongo, kunye nobudlelwane bangaphandle.
- Nceda amalungu aqonde injongo yeqela kwaye abeke iinjongo ezithile.
- Dibanisa imithetho jikelele ukuqinisekisa imisebenzi yeqela.
- Jonga kwaye uvavanye amalungu kwaye unike imisebenzi efanelekileyo.
- Khuthaza, wabelane, unxibelelane kwaye uncede amalungu ukuba abambe ngokukhawuleza.
Inqanaba lesi-2: Uqhwithela – Amanqanaba oPhuhliso lweQela
Eli linqanaba lokujongana neengxabano phakathi kweqela. Kwenzeka xa amalungu eqala ukuzibonakalisa kwaye anokwaphula imigaqo esekiweyo yeqela. Lixesha elinzima kwiqela kwaye linokukhokelela lula kwiziphumo ezibi.
Ungquzulwano lubangelwa kukungafani kweendlela zokusebenza, iindlela zokuziphatha, iimbono, iinkcubeko, njl. njl. Okanye amalungu asenokungoneliseki, athelekise ngokulula imisebenzi yawo nabanye, okanye abe nexhala xa engayiboni inkqubela yomsebenzi.
Ngenxa yoko, kunzima ukuba iqela lifikelele kwizigqibo ezisekelwe kwimvumelwano kodwa endaweni yoko liyaphikisana kwaye ligxekane. Kwaye okuyingozi ngakumbi kukuba iqela langaphakathi liqala ukuhlukana kwaye amaqela enza amaqela, okukhokelela kumzabalazo wamandla.
Kodwa nangona eli ikwalithuba apho amalungu ahlala engakwazi ukugxila kumsebenzi osingise kwinjongo enye, ayaqala ukwazana ngcono. Kubalulekile ukuba iqela liyiqonde kwaye lijongane nemeko yalo.
Into ekufuneka yenziwe yinkokeli:
- Nceda iqela lidlule kwesi sigaba ngokuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu uyamamelana, uyaziqonda iimbono zomnye, kwaye ahloniphe iiyantlukwano zomnye.
- Khuthaza amalungu eqela ukuba azise imbono eyodwa kwiprojekthi, kwaye bonke baya kuba neengcamango zokwabelana.
- Ukuququzelela iingxoxo ngexesha leentlanganiso zeqela ukugcina iqela lisendleleni.
- Kusenokuba yimfuneko ukwenza ulungelelwano ukuze wenze inkqubela.
Inqanaba lesi-3: Isiqhelo – Amanqanaba oPhuhliso lweQela
Eli nqanaba lifika xa amalungu eqala ukwamkelana, amkele iiyantlukwano, kwaye azama ukulungisa iingxabano, ukuqonda amandla amanye amalungu, kwaye ahloniphane.
Amalungu aqala ukunxibelelana ngokutyibilikayo, ebonisana kwaye ecela uncedo xa lufuneka. Basenokuqalisa ukuba nezimvo ezakhayo okanye beze kwisigqibo sokugqibela ngophando, ukuvota, okanye kucinga. Wonke umntu uqala ukusebenzela iinjongo ezifanayo kwaye uzimisele ngakumbi emsebenzini.
Ukongeza, imithetho emitsha inokusekwa ukunciphisa ungquzulwano nokudala indawo efanelekileyo yokuba amalungu asebenze nokusebenzisana.
Inqanaba leNorming linokudityaniswa neStorming kuba xa kuvela iingxaki ezintsha, amalungu angawela kwimeko yongquzulwano njengangaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kakuhle komsebenzi ngeli xesha kuya kuphuculwa, kuba ngoku iqela linokugxila ngakumbi ekusebenzeni kwinjongo efanayo.
Inqanaba lesi-3 kuxa iqela livumelana ngemigaqo kunye nemigangatho efanayo kwindlela iqela eliququzelelwa ngayo kunye nenkqubo yomsebenzi (endaweni yokutyunjwa kwendlela enye evela kwinkokeli yeqela). Ngoko kuxa iqela linemisebenzi elandelayo:
- Iindima noxanduva lwamalungu kufuneka zicace kwaye zamkelwe.
- Iqela kufuneka lithembane kwaye linxibelelane ngakumbi.
- Amalungu aqalisa ukunika izigxeko ezakhayo
- Iqela lizama ukufezekisa imvisiswano phakathi kweqela ngokuphepha iingxabano
- Imigaqo esisiseko, kunye nemida yeqela, iyamiselwa kwaye igcinwe
- Amalungu aziva eyinxalenye kwaye anenjongo enye neqela
Vavanya ngokuFanelekileyo ngeAhaSlides
Inqanaba lesi-4: Ukuqhuba – Amanqanaba oPhuhliso lweQela
Eli linqanaba apho iqela lifumana owona msebenzi uphakamileyo. Umsebenzi uqhubeka ngokulula ngaphandle kongquzulwano. Eli liqonga elinxulunyaniswa nento ekuthiwa iqela eliqhuba kakuhle.
Kweli nqanaba, imithetho ilandelwa ngaphandle kobunzima. Iindlela zokuxhasana kwiqela zisebenza kakuhle. Umdla kunye nokuzinikela kwamalungu kwinjongo efanayo akuthandabuzeki.
Amalungu amadala aziva ekhululekile kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwiqela, kodwa amalungu asanda kudibanisa aya kudibanisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye asebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba ilungu liyalishiya iqela, ukusebenza kakuhle kweqela akuyi kuchaphazeleka kakhulu.
Kweli nqanaba lesi-4, iqela lonke liya kuba nala magqabantshintshi alandelayo:
- Iqela linolwazi oluphezulu lwesicwangciso, kunye neenjongo. Kwaye uqonde ukuba kutheni iqela kufuneka lenze le nto liyenzayo.
- Umbono owabelwana ngawo weqela wasekwa ngaphandle kokungenelela okanye ukubandakanyeka kwenkokeli.
- Iqela linezinga eliphezulu lokuzimela, linokugxila kwiinjongo zalo, kwaye lenze uninzi lwezigqibo zalo ngokusekelwe kwiikhrayitheriya ekuvunyelwene ngazo kunye nenkokeli.
- Amalungu eqela ayakhathalelana kwaye abelane ngonxibelelwano olukhoyo, isitayile somsebenzi, okanye iingxaki zokuhamba komsebenzi ukusombulula.
- Amalungu eqela angacela uncedo kwinkokeli ekuphuhliseni umntu.
Inqanaba lesi-5: Ukunqumamisa – Amanqanaba oPhuhliso lweQela
Lonke ulonwabo luya kuphela, nokuba nomsebenzi xa amaqela eprojekthi ehlala ixesha elithile kuphela. Oku kwenzeka kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, umzekelo, xa iprojekthi iphelile, xa amaninzi amalungu eshiya iqela ukuze athathe ezinye izikhundla, xa umbutho uhlaziywa, njl.
Kumalungu azinikeleyo eqela, eli lixesha lentlungu, i-nostalgia, okanye ukuzisola, kwaye inokuba yimvakalelo yokulahlekelwa kunye nokuphoxeka ngenxa yokuba:
- Bathanda ukuzinza kweqela.
- Baye baphuhlisa ubudlelwane obusondeleyo bokusebenza kunye nabalingane.
- Babona ikamva elingaqinisekanga, ingakumbi kumalungu angekaboni ngcono.
Ke ngoko, eli nqanaba likwalixesha apho amalungu kufuneka ahlale kunye, avavanye, aze azobele amava kunye nezifundo zawo kunye namaqabane awo. Oko kubanceda baphuhlisele ngcono bona naxa bezibandakanya namaqela amatsha kamva.
IItrakthi ezibalulekileyo
Ezi zingasentla zizigaba ezi-5 zophuhliso lweqela (ingakumbi zisebenza kumaqela amalungu angama-3 ukuya kwayi-12), kwaye uTuckman naye akanikeli ngcebiso malunga nexesha elichazwe kwisigaba ngasinye. Ke ngoko, ungayisebenzisa ngokwemeko yeqela lakho. Kuphela into ebalulekileyo kukuba kufuneka wazi ukuba iqela lakho lifuna ntoni kwaye lingena njani kwicala lolawulo kunye nophuhliso kwinqanaba ngalinye.
Ungalibali ukuba impumelelo yeqela lakho ikwaxhomekeke kwizixhobo ozisebenzisayo. IAhaSlides iya kunceda iqela lakho ukwandisa imveliso, yenza iinkcazo-ntetho zibe mnandi kwaye zibenonxibelelwano, intlanganiso, kunye noqeqesho ayisenakundikruqula, enze iwaka leminye imisebenzi ebalulekileyo.
Ukucinga ngengqondo ngcono ngeAhaSlides
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Zeziphi iimpawu zamaqela asebenza kakhulu?
Ubunkokeli obucacileyo, iinjongo ezichaziweyo, unxibelelwano oluvulekileyo, iNtsebenziswano esebenzayo, ukuthembana kunye nokujoliswe ekusombululeni iingxabano.
Inkokeli inokudala iqela lokusebenza eliphezulu nge
Ukumisela umlinganiselo osebenzayo kunye neenjongo ezichaziweyo. Jonga iingcebiso ezingaphezulu ukusuka imizekelo yamaqela asebenze kakhulu.
