Indlela Yeengxangxasi | Incwadana yowama-2024 eBanzi

Xa kuziwa kulawulo lweprojekthi, ukukhetha indlela efanelekileyo kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwimpumelelo yakho. Yiyo loo nto silapha ukuze sihlolisise Indlela Yeengxangxasi ngeenkcukacha.

Kweli nqaku, siza kuntywila nzulu kwiNdlela yeNgxangxasi, sityhila inkcazelo yayo, sisophula amanqanaba ayo ahlukeneyo, kwaye sivavanya zombini izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo ezizisayo. Ngaphaya koko, siza kuxoxa ngamashishini kunye neemeko zeprojekthi apho iNdlela Yeengxangxasi ikhanya khona, ikunceda ukuba ubone ukuba ifanelekile na kwilinge lakho elilandelayo.

Ke, masitsibe phakathi kwaye sityhile iimfihlo zeNdlela yeNgxangxasi!

Isiqulatho

• isishwankathelo
• Malunga neNdlela yeeNgxangxasi
• IiNgxangxasi zeNdlela Inkcazo
• Izigaba ezi-6 zeNdlela yeNgxangxasi
• Okuzuzwayo kunye neeNgxaki zeNdlela yeNgxangxasi
• Kufuneka isetyenziswe nini kwaye phi iNdlela yeeNgxangxasi?
• IItrakthi ezibalulekileyo 
• FAQs Malunga neNdlela yeNgxangxasi

isishwankathelo

Malunga neNdlela yeeNgxangxasi

Iingcebiso zokuthethana ngcono

• Ulawulo lweprokjekthi
• Inkqubo yocwangciso lweprojekthi
• Ukuphunyezwa kweprojekthi

IiNgxangxasi zeNdlela Inkcazo

Indlela yeengxangxasi (okanye imodeli yeengxangxasi) kulawulo lweprojekthi yindlela elandelelanayo kunye neyomgca esetyenziselwa ukulawula iiprojekthi. Ilandela inkqubo ecwangcisiweyo apho isigaba ngasinye seprojekthi sigqitywe phambi kokuba sidlulele kwesinye. Indlela yokusebenza ibizwa ngokuba “yingxangxasi” kuba inkqubela iqukuqela isiya ezantsi, ngokufana nengxangxasi.

Imodeli ye-Waterfall ingasetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya uphuhliso lwesoftware, ubunjineli kunye nolwakhiwo. Ihlala isetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi ezinomhla wokugqibela ongqongqo, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olulinganiselwe, kunye nomda omiselweyo.

Izigaba ezi-6 zeNdlela yeNgxangxasi

I-Waterfall Methodology ilandela indlela elandelelanayo yolawulo lweprojekthi, ebandakanya izigaba ezahlukeneyo. Masiphonononge ezi zigaba ngendlela elula:

1/ Ukuqokelelwa kweeMfuneko:

Kwesi sigaba, iimfuno zeprojekthi zichongiwe kwaye zibhalwe phantsi. Abathathi-nxaxheba beprojekthi bathatha inxaxheba ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimfuno zabo kunye nezinto abazilindeleyo ziqondwa kakuhle. Injongo yesi sigaba kukuseka isiseko esiluqilima seprojekthi ngokuchaza oko kufuneka kuphunyezwe.

Umzekelo, uneprojekthi yophuhliso lwesoftware yewebhusayithi entsha ye-e-commerce. Kweli nqanaba, iqela lakho leprojekthi liya:

• Bandakanya nabachaphazelekayo abahlukeneyo, njengabanini bamashishini, iingcali zentengiso, kunye nabasebenzisi bokuphela abanokubakho, ukuqokelela igalelo kunye neemfuno zabo. 
• Qhuba udliwano-ndlebe, iintlanganiso, kunye neeworkshops ukuqonda iinjongo, ukusebenza, kunye nokulindela kwiwebhusayithi.

2/ Uyilo: 

Emva kokuba iimfuno ziqokelelwe, isigaba soyilo siqala. Apha, iqela leprojekthi lenza isicwangciso esineenkcukacha okanye iplani yeprojekthi. Ibandakanya ukucacisa ubume, amacandelo, kunye namava omsebenzisi. 

Isigaba soYilo sijolise ekuqinisekiseni ukuba wonke umntu obandakanyekayo, kubandakanywa abaphuhlisi, abayili, kunye nabo bonke abachaphazelekayo, banombono ocacileyo wesakhiwo kunye nenkangeleko yeprojekthi.

3/ Ukuphunyezwa:

Kwinqanaba lokuphunyezwa, owona msebenzi wophuhliso uyenzeka. Iqela leprojekthi liqala ukwakha iiprojekthi ezinokuhanjiswa ngokweenkcukacha zoyilo. 

Yicinge njengokwakha indlu. Inqanaba loPhumezo kuxa abakhi beqalisa ukusebenza kwisiseko, iindonga, uphahla, imibhobho yamanzi, kunye neenkqubo zombane. Balandela iiplani zokwakha kwaye baziguqule zibe zizakhiwo ezibonakalayo.

Ngokufanayo, kweli nqanaba, abaphuhlisi balandela izicwangciso zoyilo ezenziwe ngaphambili kwaye babhale ikhowudi efunekayo ukwenza umsebenzi weprojekthi. Badibanisa amaqhekeza ahlukeneyo eprojekthi, njengeempawu, ukusebenza, kunye nojongano, kwaye baqhagamshele ngendlela esebenza kunye ngokutyibilikayo.

4/ Uvavanyo: 

Emva kwesigaba sokuphunyezwa, uvavanyo olungqongqo lwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kweprojekthi. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo, ezinje ngovavanyo lweyunithi, uvavanyo lokudibanisa, kunye novavanyo lwenkqubo, lwenziwa ukuchonga naziphi na iziphene okanye imiba. 

Inqanaba lovavanyo lijolise ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iprojekthi ihlangabezana neemfuno ezichaziweyo kwaye yenza njengoko kulindelekile.

5/ Ukusasazwa: 

Ukusasazwa sisigaba apho iprojekthi ilungele ukukhutshwa kwaye isetyenziswe. Kwenzeka emva kokuba isigaba sovavanyo sigqityiwe. 

Kwinqanaba lokusasaza, ukuhanjiswa kweprojekthi, okufana nesoftware okanye iwebhusayithi, kukhululwa kwaye kuphunyezwe kwihlabathi lenene. Zifakwe kwindawo yokuvelisa, apho yonke into imiselwe ukusetyenziswa kwangempela, okanye ihanjiswe kumxhasi ocele iprojekthi.

• Umzekelo, ukuba yiwebhusayithi, iqela leprojekthi liya kuseka iiseva zewebhu, uvimba weenkcukacha, kunye nasiphi na esinye isiseko esifunekayo. Baza kuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into icwangciswe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye isebenza kakuhle.

6/ Ugcino:

Ngexesha leSigaba soLondolozo, iqela leprojekthi libonelela ngenkxaso eqhubekayo ukulungisa naziphi na iingxaki ezinokuvela. Injongo ephambili yesigaba soLondolozo kukuqinisekisa ukuba iprojekthi igcina ukusebenza kakuhle kwaye ihlangabezana nokulindelwe ngabasebenzisi. 

• Ukuba kukho naziphi na iimpazamo okanye imiba efunyenwe kwiprojekthi, iqela lisebenza ekuyilungiseni.
• Iqela likwajonge ukwenza utshintsho oluyimfuneko okanye ukuphuculwa kweprojekthi ngokusekelwe kwingxelo yomsebenzisi okanye iimfuno ezintsha. Kuyafana naxa ucebisa ukongeza into entsha kwiapp oyithandayo, kwaye abaphuhlisi bayamamela kwaye bayenze yenzeke.

Iqela leprojekthi liyaqhubeka nokubonelela ngenkxaso, ukulungisa nayiphi na imiba, kunye nokwenza uhlaziyo oluyimfuneko okanye utshintsho ngokude nje iprojekthi iqhubeka. Oku kunceda ukugcina iprojekthi ithembekile, ikhuselekile, kwaye isexesheni.

Okuzuzwayo kunye neeNgxaki zeNdlela yeNgxangxasi

IiNzuzo zeNdlela yeNgxangxasi

• Indlela ecacileyo necwangcisiweyo: I-Methodology ibonelela ngendlela ecacileyo nelungelelanisiweyo yokulawula iiprojekthi. Ilandela inkqubo yenyathelo ngalinye, ikwenza kube lula kumaqela ukucwangcisa nokwenza umsebenzi wawo.
• Amaxwebhu aneenkcukacha: Lo mzekelo ugxininisa ukubaluleka kwamaxwebhu kuwo onke amanqanaba. Kuthetha ukuba iimfuno zeprojekthi, izicwangciso zoyilo, kunye neenkcukacha zokuphunyezwa zibhalwe kakuhle. Olu xwebhu luluncedo kwireferensi yexesha elizayo kwaye lunceda ukugcina ulwazi lunjalo ngaphakathi kumbutho.
• Ukuchongwa kwangethuba kweeMfuno: Le ndlela yokusebenza igxile ekuchongeni nasekuchazeni iimfuno zeprojekthi kwangethuba. Ngokwenza oku, unokunciphisa ukungaqondani okunokwenzeka okanye utshintsho kububanzi. Inika isiseko esiluqilima seprojekthi zisuka nje.
• Amanqaku acacileyo acacileyo kunye nezinto ezinikezelwayo: Le ndlela yokusebenza ivumela ukusetwa kwezigaba ezicacileyo kunye nezinto ezinokuhanjiswa kwinqanaba ngalinye leprojekthi. Oku kunceda abaphathi beprojekthi balandele inkqubela kwaye balinganise impumelelo ngokuchasene neenjongo ezichazwe kwangaphambili. Inika imvakalelo yokufezekiswa njengoko iqela ligqibezela inqanaba ngalinye.

Ukungaphumeleli kweNdlela yeNgxangxasi

• Ukuguquguquka okulinganiselweyo: Indlela yokusebenza inecala lokungaguquguquki. Emva kokuba isigaba sigqityiwe, kuba nzima ukwenza utshintsho. Lo mda unokubangela ubunzima ekuziqhelaniseni neemfuno eziguqukayo okanye ukubandakanya ingxelo kamva kwiprojekthi. Isenokunciphisa amandla eprojekthi okuguquguquka kunye nokusabela kwiimfuno eziguqukayo.
• Ukunqongophala koBandakanyo lwabachaphazelekayo: Kulo mzekelo, abachaphazelekayo banokuba nenxaxheba encinci kwaye banike ingxelo kuphela kumanqanaba okugqibela eprojekthi. Oku kulibaziseka kuthethathethwano kunokukhokelela kwimimangaliso okanye ukuphoxeka ukuba isiphumo sokugqibela asihlangabezani nokulindelweyo kwabachaphazelekayo. 
• UMngcipheko oPhezulu woTshintsho lweNdleko: Ngenxa yolandelelwano lwendlela yokusebenza, ukwenza utshintsho okanye ukulungisa imiba efunyenwe kumanqanaba amva kunokutya ixesha kwaye kubize kakhulu. Ukulungiswa kweprojekthi kufuna ukubuyela emva kwizigaba ezidlulileyo, ezinokuthi ziphazamise ixesha leprojekthi kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Olu tshintsho lunokukhokelela kwiindleko ezongezelelweyo kunye nokulibaziseka.
• Ukuziqhelanisa okulinganiselweyo nokungaqiniseki: Lo mzekelo uthatha ukuba iimfuno zeprojekthi zinokuqondwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye zichazwe ekuqaleni. Nangona kunjalo, kwiiprojekthi ezintsonkothileyo okanye kwindawo engaqinisekanga, kunokuba ngumngeni ukuba nokuqonda okupheleleyo ngaphambili. Esi sithintelo sinokubangela ubunzima ekunikezeni isiphumo esifunekayo xa ujongene neemeko ezingalindelekanga okanye iimeko eziguqukayo.

Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zinokufaneleka ngakumbi kwiimfuno ezithile zeprojekthi kunye nomxholo wombutho. Ke, masiye kwicandelo elilandelayo ukuze sazi ukuba kufuneka usebenzise nini imodeli yeengxangxasi!

Kufuneka isetyenziswe nini kwaye phi iNdlela yeeNgxangxasi?

Le ndlela yokusebenza isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiiprojekthi ezineemfuno ezichazwe kakuhle nezizinzileyo, apho iprojekthi ineenjongo ezicacileyo kunye nobubanzi. Le modeli ixhaphakile kumashishini afana nokwakha, ubunjineli, ukuvelisa, kunye nophuhliso lwesoftware.

Nazi ezinye iimeko apho iNdlela yeeNgxangxasi inokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo:

1. IiProjekthi ezilandelelanayo kunye neziqikelelwayo: Isebenza kakuhle kwiiprojekthi ezinolandelelwano olucacileyo lwemisebenzi kunye nokuhamba okuqikelelweyo, njengokwakha isakhiwo.
2. Iiprojekthi ezincinci ezineNjongo ezicacileyo: Isebenza kakuhle kwiiprojekthi ezincinci ezineenjongo ezichazwe kakuhle, ezifana nokuphuhlisa i-app elula yeselula.
3. IiMfuno eziZinzileyo kunye noTshintsho olunyiniweyo: Xa iimfuno zeprojekthi zizinzile kwaye kungenakwenzeka ukuba zitshintshe kakhulu, i-Waterfall Methodology ifanelekile. 
4. Ukuthotyelwa kunye neeMfuno zoXwebhu: Iluncedo kwiiprojekthi ezifuna amaxwebhu acokisekileyo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemimiselo, njengakukhathalelo lwempilo okanye kumashishini asebenza nge-aerospace.
5. Iiprojekthi ezineeMfuno ezichazwe kakuhle zabasebenzisi: Isebenza xa iimfuno zabasebenzisi ziqondwa ngokucacileyo kwasekuqaleni, njengokwakha iwebhusayithi ngokweenkcukacha zomxumi othile.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba i-Waterfall Methodology isenokungalungeli iiprojekthi ezifuna ukuziqhelanisa, ukubandakanyeka rhoqo kwabachaphazelekayo, okanye ukuphendula kwiimfuno eziguqukayo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, iindlela ze-Agile zihlala zikhethwa.

IItrakthi ezibalulekileyo

I-Waterfall Methodology isebenza kakuhle kwiiprojekthi ezinolandelelwano kunye nemisebenzi eqikelelwayo, iiprojekthi ezincinci ezineenjongo ezicacileyo, okanye iiprojekthi ezichazwe kakuhle zabasebenzisi. Nangona kunjalo, isenokungalungeli iiprojekthi ezifuna ukuziqhelanisa nokubandakanyeka rhoqo kwabachaphazelekayo.

Kwaye ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana IAhaSlides, unokuphucula ukuphunyezwa kweNdlela yeNdlela yeeNgxangxasi. I-AhaSlides ibonelela ngexabiso itemplates kwaye iimpawu interactive elungelelanisa ucwangciso lweprojekthi, uyilo kunye nonxibelelwano. Nge-AhaSlides, amaqela anokwenza iinkcazo-ntetho ezibandakanyayo, ukulandelela inkqubela ngempumelelo, kunye nokuphucula iziphumo zeprojekthi zizonke.

FAQs Malunga neNdlela yeNgxangxasi

Yintoni imodeli yeengxangxasi?

Indlela yeengxangxasi (okanye imodeli yeengxangxasi) kulawulo lweprojekthi yindlela elandelelanayo kunye neyomgca esetyenziselwa ukulawula iiprojekthi. Ilandela inkqubo eyakhiweyo apho isigaba ngasinye seprojekthi sigqitywe phambi kokuba sidlulele kwesinye.

Zeziphi izigaba ezi-5 zemodeli yeengxangxasi?

Nazi izigaba ezi-5 zemodeli yeengxangxasi:

• Iimfuneko Ukuqokelela 
• uyilo
• Ukuphunyezwa
• Testing
• Ukusasazwa kunye noLondolozo

Yintoni inzuzo kunye nokungalunganga kwemodeli yeengxangxasi?

Izinto eziluncedo zeNdlela yeNgxangxasi: 

• IneNdlela ecacileyo neYakhiweyo
• Ibonelela ngoXwebhu oluneenkcukacha
• Inochongo kwangethuba lweeMfuno
• Ibonelela ngeMilestones ecacileyo kunye neZibonelelo

Ububi beNdlela yeNgxangxasi

• InoKuguquguquka okulinganiselweyo
• AyinaNxaxheba yabachaphazelekayo
• InoMngcipheko oPhakamileyo weeNdleko zoTshintsho
• InoKuguquguquka okulinganiselweyo kokungaqiniseki

Ref: Forbes | Adobe