Indlela ye-Agile ithole ukuduma okuphawulekayo ekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe ngenxa yendlela yayo eguquguqukayo nephindaphindayo. Ngokuhlukahluka kwezinhlaka nezinqubo, indlela ye-Agile inikeza indlela ehlukile yokuphatha amaphrojekthi uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zendabuko zempophoma.
Uma ungafuni ukuthi oqhudelana naye akushiye ngemuva, ukwamukela indlela ye-Agile ekuphathweni kwephrojekthi kungaba isu elihle kakhulu lokuhlala uphambili ezweni lanamuhla lebhizinisi elisheshayo. Kepha ngaphambi kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuthola ukuqonda okujulile komhlaba we-Agile methodology. Ake sibheke ezinye izici ezibalulekile mayelana nendlela ye-Agile enikeza ukuqonda okungcono kokuthi indlela ye-Agile isebenza kanjani ekusebenzeni.
Okuqukethwe
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Iyini i-Agile Methodology?
Indlela ye-Agile iyindlela yokuphatha iphrojekthi egxile ekuguquguqukeni, ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo, nokusebenzisana kwamakhasimende. Kwavela njengempendulo emikhawulweni yezindlela zendabuko zezimpophoma, ezivame ukuholela emijikelezweni yokuthuthukiswa emide kanye nezinqubo eziqinile. Indlela ye-Agile ibeka ukugcizelela okuqinile ekuthuthukisweni okuphindaphindwayo, ukuphindaphinda kwempendulo, kanye nekhono lokuphendula ezidingweni eziguqukayo.
Yiziphi Izindlela ezi-5 ze-Agile?
Kule ngxenye, sizohlola izindlela ezinhlanu eziyinhloko ze-Agile ezihlanganisa i-Scrum, i-Kanban, i-Lean, i-Extreme Programming (XP), kanye ne-Crystal Method. Indlela ngayinye inezici zayo ezihlukile, izimiso, nezinqubo ezifaka isandla ekulawuleni ngempumelelo iphrojekthi ye-Agile.
Isikram
Uhlaka lwe-Agile Scrum lungenye yezindlela ze-Agile ezamukelwa kabanzi. Ukuphathwa kwephrojekthi okushelelayo ngeScrum kuhlukanisa amaphrojekthi abe ama-iteration amafushane abizwa ngokuthi ama-sprints, ngokuvamile athatha amasonto amabili kuya kwamane. Uhlaka luhlanganisa izindima ezibalulekile ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa i-Scrum Master, Umnikazi Womkhiqizo, neThimba Lokuthuthukiswa. I-Scrum igcizelela imihlangano yokuma yansuku zonke, ukuhlelwa kwe-sprint, ukulungiswa kwe-backlog, nokubuyekezwa kwe-sprint ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukubonakala obala, ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo, kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo. Izinzuzo zayo zihlanganisa ukubambisana okwengeziwe, isikhathi esisheshayo sokuya emakethe, kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo okuthuthukisiwe ekushintsheni izidingo zephrojekthi.
I-Kanban
I-Kanban ingenye imodeli esebenzayo ye-Agile egxile ekuboneni ngeso lengqondo nasekuthuthukiseni ukuhamba komsebenzi. Le ndlela isebenzisa ibhodi le-Kanban ukuze ubone ngeso lengqondo imisebenzi kanye nenqubekelaphambili yayo ngokuvamile emelelwa njengamakholomu namakhadi. I-Kanban ikhuthaza isistimu esekelwe ukudonsa lapho izinto zokusebenza zidonswa kusukela kwesinye isigaba kuya kwesinye njengoba umthamo uvumela. Ihlinzeka amaqembu ngokubonakala okucacile emsebenzini wawo futhi iwavumela ukuthi abone izingqinamba futhi athuthukise izinqubo zawo ngokuqhubekayo. Izinzuzo ze-Kanban zifaka phakathi ukusebenza kahle okuthuthukisiwe, ukumosha okuncishisiwe, nokugxila kwethimba okuthuthukisiwe ekuletheni inani.
I-Extreme Programming (XP)
Olunye uhlaka oluhle lwe-Agile, i-Extreme Programming (XP) ihlose ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesofthiwe futhi ithuthukise ukukhiqiza kweqembu ngeqoqo lemikhuba namagugu. Ngokugcizelelwa kokuxhumana, ubulula, kanye nokuvumelana nezimo, izinqubo ze-XP ku-Agile zinikeza indlela ehlelekile yokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe eyenza amaqembu akwazi ukuletha imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu ngenkathi ehlangabezana nezidingo eziguqukayo.
I-Lean Development
Indlela yokusebenza ye-Lean, nakuba ingeyona uhlaka lwe-Agile kuphela, yabelana ngezimiso nezinqubo eziningi ne-Agile. Isuka ekukhiqizeni, i-Lean ihlose ukuqeda imfucuza futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle ngokugxila ekudaleni inani kanye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo. I-Lean igcizelela ukubaluleka kwenani lekhasimende, ukunciphisa umsebenzi ongadingekile, nokuthuthukisa ukugeleza. Ngokwamukela izimiso ze-Lean ngaphakathi komongo we-Agile, amaqembu angathuthukisa ukusebenzisana, anciphise ukungcola, futhi alethe inani ngempumelelo kakhudlwana.
Indlela ye-Crystal
Uma kukhulunywa ngokugxilisa ingqondo kubantu nokusebenzelana kwabo, indlela yeCrystal ikhethwa kakhulu. Ithuthukiswe ngu-Alistair Cockburn, i-Crystal Method yakhelwe ukubeka phambili izimiso namagugu agxile kubantu ngaphakathi kwenqubo yokuthuthukisa isofthiwe. Ivuma ukubaluleka kwamakhono nobuchwepheshe bomuntu ngamunye empumelelweni yephrojekthi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igxile ekuhlonzeni nasekusebenziseni amandla amalungu eqembu, iqinisekise ukuthi abantu abalungile babelwa imisebenzi efanele.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-Agile Methodology?
Ukwamukela izimiso nezimiso ze-Agile kungaletha uhla lwezinzuzo ezinhlanganweni. Nazi ezinye zezinzuzo ezibalulekile:
Ukubonakala kwephrojekthi okuthuthukisiwe
Indlela ye-Agile inikeza umbono osobala nowesikhathi sangempela wokuqhubeka kwephrojekthi. Imihlangano evamile, efana nokuma kwansuku zonke nokubuyekezwa kwe-sprint, inika amandla amaqembu ukuthi axoxe ngalokho akufezile, izinselele, nemisebenzi ezayo. Leli zinga lokubonakala livumela ababambiqhaza ukuthi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi, bahlonze izithiyo ezingaba khona, futhi balungise izinto eziza kuqala ngokufanele. Ngenxa yalokho, amaphrojekthi maningi amathuba okuthi ahlale endleleni futhi ahlangabezane nezinhloso zawo.
Ukwanda kokuvumelana nezimo
Esimweni sanamuhla sebhizinisi esishintsha ngokushesha, ikhono lokuzijwayeza ngokushesha libalulekile ukuze uphumelele. Indlela ye-Agile iphumelela kakhulu kule ndawo ngokunika amandla amaqembu ukuthi aphendule ngokushesha ezidingweni ezintsha, amathrendi emakethe, noma impendulo yamakhasimende. Ngokuhlukanisa amaphrojekthi abe yimisebenzi emincane, elawulekayo, i-Agile ivumela amaqembu ukuthi alungise izinhlelo zawo nezinto eziza kuqala ngaphandle kokuphazamisa yonke iphrojekthi. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kuqinisekisa ukuthi amabhizinisi angathuthuka ngokuqhubekayo futhi alethe inani kumakhasimende awo.
Isikhathi esisheshayo sokumaketha
Indlela ye-Agile igcizelela ukuletha imikhiqizo esebenzayo ngokuphindaphinda okufushane. Esikhundleni sokulinda kuze kube sekupheleni kwephrojekthi ukuze kukhishwe umkhiqizo wokugcina, i-Agile ivumela amaqembu ukuthi akhiphe izibuyekezo ezikhuphukayo kuyo yonke inqubo yentuthuko. Le ndlela yokuphindaphinda yenza amabhizinisi akwazi ukuqoqa izimpendulo kusenesikhathi, aqinisekise ukuqagela, futhi enze izinguquko ezidingekayo ngokushesha. Ngokunciphisa ukusebenza kabusha okudla isikhathi nokuletha inani kusenesikhathi, indlela ye-Agile isiza amabhizinisi ukuthi asheshise isikhathi sawo sokumaketha futhi azuze umkhawulo wokuncintisana.
Yiziphi Izigaba ezi-5 ze-Agile Methodology?
Yiziphi izigaba ezi-5 zentuthuko esheshayo? Igqugquzelwe i-software development lifecycle (SDLC), indlela ye-Agile ilandela izigaba ezi-5 ezihlanganisa i-Ideation, ukuthuthukiswa, ukuhlola, ukuthunyelwa, kanye nokusebenza. Ake sihlolisise ukungena nokuphuma kwesigaba ngasinye.
Isigaba 1: Ideation
Cishe wonke amaphrojekthi okuthuthukisa isoftware ye-Agile aqala ngesigaba sombono. Le nqubo ibandakanya ukuxoxisana nokuqoqa izidingo ukuze kuchazwe ububanzi nezinjongo zephrojekthi.
Phakathi nalesi sigaba, umnikazi womkhiqizo, ababambiqhaza, nethimba lokuthuthukisa bayahlanganyela ukuze bakhombe imigomo yephrojekthi, nezidingo zabasebenzisi, futhi babeke phambili izici. Izindaba zabasebenzisi noma izinto ezisalele emuva zomkhiqizo zidalelwa ukuthwebula izidingo futhi kwakheka isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa.
Isigaba 2: Intuthuko
Okulandelayo kuza isigaba sokuthuthuka esigxile ekuguquleni izidingo zibe ukunyuswa kwesoftware esebenzayo. Izindlela ze-agile zigcizelela ukuthuthukiswa okuphindaphindayo nokukhuphukayo, ukuhlukanisa umsebenzi ube yimisebenzi elawulekayo noma izindaba zabasebenzisi.
Amaqembu okuthuthukisa asebenza ngokubambisana ngokuphindaphinda okufushane, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-sprints, okuyizikhathi ezinebhokisi lesikhathi ezinikezelwe ekuqedeleni imisebenzi ethile. Phakathi ne-sprint ngayinye, ithimba likhetha izindaba zabasebenzisi kusukela ku-backlog yomkhiqizo futhi lithuthukise ukukhushulwa kwesofthiwe esebenzayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izici ezibaluleke kakhulu zilethwa kuqala.
Isigaba 3: Ukuhlola
Esigabeni sesithathu senqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwe-Agile, Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngokuqhubekayo kuyo yonke inqubo yokuthuthukiswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yesofthiwe futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nezidingo ezicacisiwe.
Izindlela ze-Agile zikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okuqhutshwa ukuhlolwa (TDD), lapho ukuhlolwa kubhalwa ngaphambi kokuthi ikhodi isetshenziswe. Lokhu kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isofthiwe isebenza njengoba ihlosiwe futhi kunciphisa amathuba okwethula iziphazamisi noma izinkinga.
Ukuhlola kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kweyunithi, ukuhlolwa kokuhlanganiswa, nokuhlolwa kokwamukela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza nokusebenziseka kwesofthiwe.
Isigaba 4: Ukuthunyelwa
Isigaba sokuthunyelwa semodeli yenqubo ye-Agile sihlanganisa ukukhulula isofthiwe ethuthukisiwe kubasebenzisi bokugcina noma amakhasimende. Izindlela ze-agile zimelela ukuthunyelwa okuvamile nokujwayelekile ukuze kuqoqwe impendulo kusenesikhathi futhi kufake izinguquko ezisekelwe kokufakwayo komsebenzisi.
Izinqubo zokuhlanganisa okuqhubekayo kanye nokusabalaliswa okuqhubekayo (CI/CD) zivame ukusetshenziswa ukuze kuzenzekele inqubo yokuthumela, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isofthiwe isetshenziswa ngendlela engaguquki nephumelelayo.
Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa nemisebenzi efana nokuphathwa kokucushwa, imibhalo, nokuqeqeshwa komsebenzisi ukuze kube lula ukuguqukela endaweni ebukhoma.
Isigaba 5: Imisebenzi
Esigabeni sokugcina, imisebenzi ichaza ukwesekwa nokugcinwa okuqhubekayo kwesofthiwe esetshenzisiwe. Izindlela ze-Agile ziyaqaphela ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe kuyinqubo eqhubekayo, futhi amaqembu kufanele aphendule impendulo yamakhasimende futhi azivumelanise nezimfuneko eziguqukayo.
Amaqembu e-Agile ahlanganyela ekuqapheni okuqhubekayo, ukulungisa iziphazamisi, izithuthukisi zesici, nokusekelwa komsebenzisi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isofthiwe ihlala isebenza, ivikelekile, futhi ihambisana nezidingo eziguqukayo zabasebenzisi bokugcina. Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwenziwa ukuze kubhekwe inqubo yentuthuko futhi kuhlonzwe amathuba okwenza ngcono.
I-Agile Methodology VS Indlela Yempophoma
Ngokungafani nezindlela zendabuko zezimpophoma, ezithembele ekuhleleni okuqinile nezinqubo ezilandelanayo, i-Agile yamukela ushintsho futhi ikhuthaze amaqembu ukuthi asebenze ngemijikelezo emifushane ebizwa ngokuthi ama-sprints.
Nakuba izindlela ze-Agile ziklanyelwe ukwamukela ushintsho, izindlela ze-Waterfall aziguquguquki kangako uma kukhulunywa ngokwamukela izinguquko.
- Izinguquko kuphrojekthi ye-Waterfall zidinga ukusetshenzwa kabusha okubanzi futhi zingaphazamisa umugqa wesikhathi ohleliwe kanye nesabelomali.
- Izinguquko zephrojekthi ye-Agile zingafakwa kalula phakathi kokuphindaphinda okufushane, okuvumela ukuzivumelanisa okusheshayo nezidingo zamakhasimende kanye namandla emakethe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela ze-Agile zikhuthaza ukuhlonza ubungozi kusenesikhathi futhi okuqhubekayo kanye nokunciphisa. Ngokuphambene, izindlela ze-Waterfall zivame ukuba nengozi enkulu yokwehluleka kwephrojekthi ngenxa yokuqina nokulandelana kwazo.
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Iyini indlela ye-Agile futhi isebenza kanjani?
I-Agile methodology iyindlela yokuphatha iphrojekthi eyazisa ukuguquguquka nokusabela ekushintsheni ukuze ilethe imiphumela yekhwalithi ephezulu. Ngokungafani nezindlela zendabuko zokuphatha amaphrojekthi, i-Agile idiliza amaphrojekthi abe yimisebenzi emincane, elawulekayo futhi igxile ekuletheni inani ngokukhuphukayo.
Iyini i-Agile vs Scrum?
I-Agile iyindlela yokuthuthukisa ku-Agile Manifesto, eklanyelwe ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okukhulayo nokuphindaphindayo, impendulo eqhubekayo, nokuzibandakanya njalo kwamakhasimende. I-Scrum iwukuqaliswa ngaphansi kwesambulela se-Agile lapho yonke iphrojekthi ihlukaniswa ngamafreyimu esikhathi esifushane abizwa ngokuthi ama-sprints, futhi umphathi wesikram unesibopho sokuletha ukukhuphuka komkhiqizo.
Yisiphi isibonelo se-Agile?
Cabanga ngenkampani yokuthuthukisa isofthiwe efuna ukwakha uhlelo olusha lweselula. Isebenzisa indlela ye-Agile, inkampani izohlukanisa iphrojekthi ibe imisebenzi emincane, elawulekayo ebizwa ngezindaba zabasebenzisi.
Izitoreji Eziyinhloko
Isoftware yokuphatha i-Agile isetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla ukusiza abaphathi bephrojekthi bonge isikhathi, imali neminye imizamo edingekayo ukuze kugcinwe amaphrojekthi eqhubeka, ukukhiqiza okuphezulu kweqembu nokusebenza. Ukukhetha ubuchwepheshe obushesha kakhulu bomsebenzi kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe inani elikhulu.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi amabhizinisi atshale imali ekuqeqeshweni okufanele namathuluzi okusebenzisa ngempumelelo indlela ye-Agile. Ukuyisa imikhuba yakho ye-Agile ezingeni elilandelayo, zama AhaSlides ukuze uthole izikhathi zokuqeqesha ezisebenzisanayo nokusebenzisana okuphumelelayo.
Ref: I-Mendix | Xpand it | geeksforgeeks