Ukuphikisana kuyisihloko esikhulu, esikhulu. Uma ungakaze wenze okukodwa ngaphambilini, kungaba nzima ukucabanga ukuthi kuzokwenzekani nokuthi ungakugwema kanjani ukubukeka ungenalwazi nhlobo phambi kwawo wonke umuntu.
Kuningi ongakufunda ngaphambi kokuthi uqunge isibindi sokuma emsamo. Kodwa ungakhathazeki; lo mhlahlandlela on indlela yokuxoxisana kwabaqalayouzokunikeza izinyathelo, amathiphu kanye nezibonelo ozidingayo ukuze ubulale inkulumo-mpikiswano yakho elandelayo. Ngakho-ke, ake sihlole lawa macebiso amahle empikiswano!
Okuqukethwe
- Izinyathelo Eziyisi-7 Zokusungula Inkulumo-mpikiswano Yabaqalayo
- Amathiphu angu-10 Kwabaphikisanayo Abasha
- 6 Izitayela Zezinkulumo-mpikiswano
- 2 Izibonelo Zempikiswano
- Amathiphu amaningi nge-AhaSlides
Amathiphu amaningi nge-AhaSlides
Isebenza Kanjani Inkulumo-mpikiswano Yabaqalayo (Ngezinyathelo Eziyisi-7)
Ngaphambi kokuthi ungene endleleni yokubeka izingxabano zakho njengochwepheshe, uzodinga ukwazi ukuthi impikiswano yabaqalayo isebenza kanjani. Bheka lezi zinyathelo ezingu-7 zenkulumo-mpikiswano yabasanda kuzalwa kanye nalokho okuzodingeka ukwenze endleleni, khona-ke uzoqonda ngokuphelele ukuthi ungaba kanjani umxazululi ongcono!
1. Injongo Inqunyiwe
Amathiphu kwabaphikisanayoNjengoba singasebenzisa izinkulumo-mpikiswano ezindaweni eziningi nasezimeni, njengasezikoleni, imihlangano yenkampani, izingxoxo zamaphaneli noma izinhlangano zezombusazwe, kubalulekile ukuthi izinjongo eziyinhloko zenkulumo-mpikiswano zikhethwe kuqala. Lokhu kunganikeza umbono ocacile wepulani futhi kuhlele izimpikiswano ngoba miningi imininingwane okufanele kusetshenzwe ngayo kamuva, yonke okudingeka ihambisane.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwanoma yini, umsizi uzophendula lokhu -yiziphi izinhloso zale mpikiswano ?
Isibonelo, uma usengxoxweni yabafundi, imigomo kufanele ifane nesifundo sakho, okungaba ukukhuthaza ukucabanga okujulile kwabafundi kanye namakhono okukhuluma esidlangalaleni. Uma kusemsebenzini, kungaba wukunquma ukuthi yimiphi imibono emibili okumele uhambe nayo.
2. Isakhiwo Sikhethiwe
Ukubuza indlela yokuxoxisana kahle, udinga ukuba nesakhiwo. Kukhona ukuhlukahluka okuningi kwesakhiwo senkulumompikiswano laphaya, kanye namafomethi amaningi ngaphakathi kwawo. Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi amagama ayisisekelo asetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni eziningi ezivamile zezinkulumo-mpikiswano kuqala ngaphambi kokulungiselela inkulumo-mpikiswano...
- Isihloko- Yonke inkulumo-mpikiswano inesihloko, esibizwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi a Ukunyakaza or isixazululo. Isihloko singaba isitatimende, inqubomgomo noma umbono, kuya esimeni nenjongo yenkulumo-mpikiswano.
- Two amaqembu - Iyaqinisa(esekela umnyakazo) kanye Negative(ephikisana nomnyakazo). Ezimweni eziningi, iqembu ngalinye linamalungu amathathu.
- Abahluleli or Abahluleli: Abantu abahlulela ikhwalithi yezimpikiswano ebufakazini nasekusebenzeni kwabaphikisanayo.
- Umgcini wesikhathi- Umuntu ogcina umkhondo wesikhathi futhi amise amaqembu uma isikhathi sesiphelile.
- Ababukeli- Kungaba khona izibukeli (izethameli) engxoxweni, kodwa azivunyelwe ukuba zikhulume.
Ukuze kube nenkulumo-mpikiswano yokuqala, ngemva kokuthola ukunyakaza, amaqembu azoba nesikhathi sokuzilungiselela. I IyaqinisaIthimba liqala inkulumo-mpikiswano ngesikhulumi salo sokuqala, kulandele isikhulumi sokuqala esivela ku Negativeiqembu. Bese iya kusikhulumi sesibili ku Iyaqinisaithimba, libuyela kusipika sesibili ku Negativeiqembu, njalonjalo.
Isikhulumi ngasinye sizokhuluma futhi sethule amaphuzu aso ngesikhathi esimisiwe esishiwo emithethweni yenkulumompikiswano. Khumbula ukuthi akunjalokonke izinkulumo-mpikiswano ziphetha ngeqembu Negative; ngezinye izikhathi, iqembu Iyaqinisauzocelwa ukuthi aqedele.
Njengoba cishe umusha kulokhu, ungathola inqubo yenkulumompikiswano yabaqalayo ngezansi. Kulula ukuyilandela futhi ingasetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni eziningi ezahlukene zenkulumo-mpikiswano.
3. Kwenziwa Isu Lenkulumo-mpikiswano
Ukuze inkulumo-mpikiswano ihambe kahle, umgqugquzeli uzoba nohlelo olunjalo okuningiliziwe ngangokunokwenzeka. Kufanele bakwazise lolu hlelo, njengoba luzosiza ukubona ngeso lengqondo yonke into futhi likuvimbele ukuthi ungaphumi endleleni, okuyinto elula kakhulu ukuyenza uma ubamba iqhaza kwinkulumompikiswano yabaqalayo.
Nalu uhlu lokuhlola olulula lokuthi uhlelo kufanele luqukathe ini:
- Inhloso yenkulumo-mpikiswano
- Isakhiwo
- Igumbi lizosethwa kanjani
- Umugqa wesikhathi nesikhathi senkathi ngayinye
- Imithetho esemthethweni yezinkulumo-mpikiswano neziqondiso zezikhulumi nabahluleli
- Izifanekiso zokuthatha amanothiokwezindima
- Isifinyezo sokuvala inkulumo-mpikiswano uma iphela
4. Ikamelo Liyahlelwa
Imvelo ibalulekile engxoxweni njengoba ingathinta ukusebenza kwezikhulumi ngezinga elithile.
Inkulumompikiswano yakho kufanele ibe nesimo sobuchwepheshe ngangokunokwenzeka. Ziningi izindlela zokusetha igumbi lenkulumompikiswano, kodwa noma ngabe iyiphi isethingi ekhethiwe, izogxila 'endaweni yesikhulumi' phakathi nendawo. Lapha yilapho yonke imilingo yezingxoxo izokwenzeka khona.
Isikhulumi ngasinye esimelela la maqembu amabili siyoma endaweni yesikhulumi ngesikhathi saso, bese sibuyela esihlalweni lapho siqeda.
Ngezansi kukhona a isibonelo sesakhiwo esidumilengenkulumompikiswano yokuqala:
Isithombe esihle I-Debating SA.Impela, kuhlala kunenketho yokubamba inkulumo-mpikiswano ku-inthanethi. Kungase kube nzima ukuzwa isimo esifanayo engxoxweni yabaqalayo eku-inthanethi, kodwa kunezindlela ezithile zokukunonga:
- Ukwenza ngokwezifiso ingemuva:Indima ngayinye ingase ibe nengemuva le-Zoom elihlukile: umsingathi, umgcini wesikhathi, abahluleli kanye neqembu ngalinye. Lokhu kungasiza ekwehlukaniseni izindima zombambiqhaza ngamunye futhi kukhuthaze ukuziqhenya ngendima enikiwe.
- Amadivayisi asekelayo:
- Isikhathi:Isikhathi sibalulekile engxoxweni, ikakhulukazi kwabasanda kuhlanganyela lapho bephuma okokuqala. Umsizi wakho angase anqume ukulandelela ukuhamba kwakho ngesibali-sikhathi esisesikrinini (yize ezingxoxweni eziningi, umgcini wesikhathi uvele asayine uma sekusele iminithi elingu-1 noma isekhondi elingu-30).
- Imiphumela yomsindo:Khumbula, lena yinkulumo-mpikiswano yabaqalayo. Ungalindela umsizi wakho ukuthi akhanyise umoya ngokukhuthaza ukushaywa izandla nemisindolapho isikhulumi siqeda inkulumo yaso.
5. Amaqembu Akhethiwe
Amaqembu azohlukaniswa Iyaqinisa futhi Negative. Ngokuvamile, amaqembu kanye nezikhundla zesikhulumi phakathi kwalawo maqembu azihlelwanga, ngakho umsizi wakho angasebenzisa isondo le-spinnerukwenza inqubo ijabulise futhi ihehe.
Ngemuva kokuthi amaqembu amabili ekhethiwe, umnyakazo uzomenyezelwa futhi uzonikezwa isikhathi sokuzilungiselela, ihora elilodwa nje.
Ngalesi sikhathi, umsizi uzokhomba izinsiza eziningi ezahlukene ukuze amaqembu aqonde umongo kanye nezinkinga ukuze enze amaphuzu aqinile. Uma wazi okwengeziwe, yilapho inkulumompikiswano ishube kakhulu.
6. Iqala Inkulumo-mpikiswano
Uhlobo ngalunye lwenkulumo-mpikiswano ludinga enye ifomethi, futhi kungaba nokuhlukahluka okuningi. Ngezansi inguqulo ethandwa kakhulu engasetshenziswa kunoma iyiphi impikiswano yabaqalayo.
Ithimba ngalinye linezikhathi ezine zokukhuluma kule nkulumompikiswano, ngakho-ke kuhle ukuba nezikhulumi eziyisi-6 noma eziyisi-8. Endabeni yabangu-6, ababili abaphikisanayo bazokhuluma kabili.
| Inkulumo | Isikhathi | Izibopho Zabaphikisanayo |
| 1st Affirmative Constructive | 8 amaminithi | Yethula umnyakazo kanye nombono waboNikeza izincazelo zabo zamagama abalulekileVeza izimpikiswano zabo ukweseka isiphakamiso |
| Eyokuqala Engalungile Eyakhayo | 8 amaminithi | Yisho izimpikiswano zabo zokuphikisa isiphakamiso |
| 2nd Affirmative Constructive | 8 amaminithi | Yakha ezinye izimpikiswano ezisekela isiphakamiso nemibono yeqembuThola izindawo ezingqubuzanayoPhendula imibuzo evela kusipika esiphikisayo (uma sikhona) |
| Okwesibili Okwakhayo Okungalungile | 8 amaminithi | Yakha amanye ama-agumenti ngokumelene nesiphakamiso futhi uthuthukise imibono yeqembuThola izindawo ezingqubuzanayoPhendula imibuzo evela kusikhulumi esivumayo (uma sikhona) |
| I-1st Negative Rebuttal | 4 amaminithi | Vikela ifayela le- Negativeizimpikiswano zeqembu futhi ahlule ama-agumenti asekelayo ngaphandle kokwengeza izimpikiswano ezintsha noma ulwazi |
| I-1st Affirmative Rebuttal | 4 amaminithi | Vikela ifayela le- Iyaqinisaama-agumenti eqembu futhi ahlule ama-agumenti aphikisayo ngaphandle kokwengeza izimpikiswano ezintsha noma ulwazi |
| I-2nd Negative Rebuttal(Isitatimende sokuvala) | 4 amaminithi | Yiba nesitatimende sesibili sokuphikisa nokuvala |
| 2nd Affirmative Rebuttal(Isitatimende sokuvala) | 4 amaminithi | Yiba nesitatimende sesibili sokuphikisa nokuvala |
💡 Kungaba nesikhathi esifushane sokulungiselela ngaphambi kokuphikiswa, kuye ngemithetho.
Ungabona isibonelo sevidiyo sale fomethi phansi lapha.
7. Yahlulelani Inkulumo-mpikiswano
Sekuyisikhathi sokuthi abahluleli basebenze. Kudingeka babheke izinkulumo-mpikiswano kanye nokusebenza kwenkulumompikiswano ngayinye bese behlola. Lezi ngezinye zezinto abazobe bezibheka ekusebenzeni kwakho...
- Inhlangano nokucaca- Isakhiwo senkulumo yakho - ingabe kunengqondo ukuyibeka ngendlela owenze ngayo?
- Okuqukethwe- Lezi zimpikiswano, ubufakazi, ukuhlolwa okuphambene kanye nokuphikisa okukhiphayo.
- Isitayela sokulethwa nesethulo- Uwaletha kanjani amaphuzu akho, okuhlanganisa ulimi lomlomo nolomzimba, okuqukethwe kwamehlo, nephimbo elisetshenzisiwe.
Amathiphu angu-10 Kwabaphikisanayo Abasha
Akekho ongakwazi konke kusukela ekuqaleni futhi uma ungakaze uphikisane empilweni yakho, izinto akulula ukuqala ngazo. Ngezansi kukhona Amathiphu angu-10 asheshayoukuthola indlela yokuxoxisana ngempumelelo futhi ungahambisana nabasanda kuhlanganyela kuyo yonke inkulumo-mpikiswano.
#1 - Ukulungiselela kuyisihluthulelo- Cwaninga isihloko kakhulukusengaphambili ukuze uthole hhayi nje ulwazi lwangemuva, kodwa futhi nokuzethemba. Lokhu kungasiza abasafufusa bezinkulumo-mpikiswano baqonde izindaba kangcono ukuze babe iziqalo ezinhle zokuphikisa, bese bebhala izimpikiswano zabo, bathole ubufakazi, futhi bagweme ukwehla ngezimbobo zonogwaja. Wonke umuntu ophikisanayo kufanele aveze yonke into ngamaphuzu (okungcono amaphuzu ama-3 ezimpikiswano ezi-3) ukuze ahlele kangcono imibono futhi abone 'isithombe esikhulu' senkulumo yakhe.
#2 - Gcina konke kusihloko- Esinye sezono zokuxoxisana siyahamba ngendlela, njengoba simosha isikhathi sokukhuluma esibalulekile futhi senze ingxabano ibe buthaka. Naka uhlaka namaphuzu asemqoka ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi alandela isihloko futhi abhekane nezinkinga ezifanele.
#3 - Yenza amaphuzu akho ngezibonelo- Ukuba nezibonelo kwenza imisho yakho yenkulumo-mpikiswano ikholisakale, futhi, abantu babona izinto ngokucacile, njengokuthi lokhuisibonelo ngezansi...
Isithombe esihle WikiHow#4 - Zama ukucabanga njengabaphikisi- Ngenkathi ubuyekeza imibono, cabanga ngamaphuzu ukuphikiswa okungase kuveze. Khomba okumbalwa bese ubhala phansi imephu yengqondo yezimpendulo ongazinikeza uma zikhona dogcina ngokwenza lawo maphuzu.
#5 - Yiba nesiphetho esiqinile- Phelisa inkulumo-mpikiswano ngemisho embalwa emihle, okungenani engafingqa amaphuzu abalulekile. Ezimweni eziningi, abaphikisanayo bathanda ukuphetha ngamandla, ngomusho owodwa oqanjwe njengenkondlo ukuze ubangele lokho ukwehla kwemakrofoniumzuzu ( hlola isibonelo salokhu ngezansi).
#6 - Zithembe (noma ukhohlise uze wenze!)- Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu mayelana nendlela yokuba ngcono engxoxweni yi-vibe. Abaphikisanayo badinga ukuzethemba ngabakushoyo, njengoba i-swagger inethonya elikhulu phezu kwamajaji nezibukeli. Yebo, lapho ulungiselela ngokwengeziwe, yilapho uqiniseka ngokwengeziwe.
#7 - Khuluma kancane- Inkinga ejwayeleke kakhulu yabaqalayo kuphikisana isivinini sabo sokukhuluma. Isikhathi esiningi kunomjikelezo wokuqala, kushesha kakhulu, okubangela kokubili abalaleli nesikhulumi ukukhathazeka. Adonse umoya ukhulume kancane. Ungase uthole okuncane, kodwa lokho okukhiqizayo kuzoba nama-gravitas.
#8 - Sebenzisa umzimba wakho nobuso- Ulimi lomzimba lungasekela amaphuzu akho futhi lubonise ukuzethemba. Bheka abaphikisi emehlweni, yiba nokuma okuhle futhi ulawule isimo sobuso (ungabi nolaka kakhulu) ukuze ubambe ukunakwa.
#9 - Lalelisisa futhi ubhale amaphuzu- Abaphikisanayo kufanele banake yonke inkulumo nemibono ukuze balandele ijubane, basekele ozakwabo beqembu futhi baphikise abaphikisi kangcono. Ukuba namanothi kungasiza kakhulu, njengoba akekho ongakhumbula wonke amaphuzu ukuze aphikise noma awandise ngokwengeziwe. Khumbula ukuphawula amaphuzu abalulekile kuphela.
#10 - Gwema ukudubula okushibhile- Gxila futhi uphikise izimpikiswano zabamelene nawe, hhayi abamelene nabo ngokwabo. Abekho abaphikisanayo okufanele bacasule abanye; kukhombisa ukuntuleka kobuchwepheshe futhi nakanjani uzophawulwa ngakho.
6 Izitayela Zezingxoxo Zabaqalayo
Ziningi izitayela zezinkulumo-mpikiswano ezinamafomethi nemithetho ehlukene. Ukwazi ezinye zazo ngokugcwele kungasiza abasaqalayo bezinkulumo-mpikiswano babone inqubo kanye nalokho okufanele bakwenze. Nazi ezinye izitayela zenkulumo-mpikiswano ezivamile ongazibona kunkulumo-mpikiswano yakho yokuqala!
1.Inkulumompikiswano ngenqubomgomo - Lolu uhlobo oluvamile oludinga ucwaningo oluningi. Inkulumo-mpikiswano imayelana nokuthi kumiswe noma cha umgomo othile, ngokuvamile ngendlela yabantu ababili noma amaqembu amaningi. Inkulumompikiswano ngenqubomgomoisetshenziswa ezikoleni eziningi ngoba iyasebenza, futhi imithetho kulula ukuyilandela kunezinye izinhlobo.
2. Inkulumompikiswano yasePhalamende- Lesi sitayela senkulumompikiswano sisekelwe kumodeli kahulumeni waseBrithani kanye nezinkulumo-mpikiswano ePhalamende laseBrithani. Yaqala yamukelwa amanyuvesi aseBrithani, manje lesi yisitayela senkulumompikiswano esisemthethweni semiqhudelwano eminingi emikhulu yezinkulumompikiswano efana ne-World University Debating Championship kanye ne-European University Debating Championship. Inkulumo-mpikiswano enjalo inobuhlakani futhi imfushane kuneyendabuko inqubomgomo inkulumo-mpikiswano, iyenza ifaneleke amacala amaningi, kusukela ezikoleni eziphakathi kuya emanyuvesi.
Isithombe esihle I-Oxford Scholastica Academy.3. Inkulumompikiswano yesithangami somphakathi- Ngalesi sitayela, amaqembu amabili aphikisana ngezihloko 'ezishisayo' neziyimpikiswano noma izindaba zakamuva. Lezi zihloko yizona osuvele unombono ngazo, ngakho lolu hlobo lwenkulumompikiswano lufinyeleleka kakhulu kune-a inqubomgomompikiswano.
4. Lincoln Douglas mpikiswano- Lesi yisitayela senkulumompikiswano evulekile, yomuntu oyedwa, esiqanjwe ngochungechunge oludumile lwezinkulumompikiswano emuva ngo-1858 phakathi kwabangenele ukhetho lweSigele saseMelika u-Abraham Lincoln noStephen Douglas. Ngalesi sitayela, abaphikisi bagxila emibuzweni ejule kakhulu noma yefilosofi, ikakhulukazi ngezindaba ezibalulekile.
5. Ngokungajwayelekile ukuphikisana- Abantu ababili abaphikisanayo bayaphikisana ngesihloko esisodwa; badinga ukuhlela izimpikiswano zabo ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu futhi baphendule ngokushesha emibonweni yabamelene nabo ngaphandle kokulungiselela okuningi. Kudinga amakhono aqinile okuphikisa futhi kungasiza ekukhuliseni ukuzethemba futhi kunqobe uvalo lwasesiteji.
6. Isilinganiso mpikiswano- Lesi sitayela siwukulingisa kwesishayamthetho saseMelika, lapho abaphikisanayo belingisa amalungu eCongress. Baxoxisana ngezingcezu zomthetho, okuhlanganisa izikweletu (imithetho ehlongozwayo), izinqumo (izitatimende zezikhundla). IKhongolose ehlekisayo ibe isivota ukuthi iphasise umthetho futhi iqhubeke nokuvotela noma ngokumelene nomthetho.
2 Izibonelo Zempikiswano
Lapha sinezibonelo ezimbili zezinkulumo-mpikiswano ukuze ubone kangcono ukuthi zenzeka kanjani...
1. Inkulumompikiswano yePhalamende laseBrithani
Lesi isiqeshana esifushane senkulumompikiswano phakathi kowayengundunankulu waseBrithani uTheresa May kanye nowayengumholi weLabour Party, uJeremy Corbyn. Isimo esiguquguqukayo senkulumo-mpikiswano kanye nezimpikiswano ezishisayo ziyizinto ezijwayelekile zalolu hlobo lwenkulumompikiswano enomsindo. Futhi, uMay waphetha inkulumo yakhe ngesitatimende esinamandla kangangokuthi waze wangenwa yigciwane!
2. Abaphikisanayo
Izimpikiswano zabafundiziya ngokuya zithandwa kakhulu esikoleni; ezinye izinkulumo-mpikiswano ezenziwe kahle zingahilela njengezinkulumo-mpikiswano ezivela kubantu abadala. Le vidiyo iyisiqephu esisodwa sohlelo lwenkulumompikiswano yesi-Vietnamese yolimi lwesiNgisi - The Debaters. Laba bafundi besikole samabanga aphezulu baphikisana ngomnyakazo othi 'Sishayela ihlombe u-Greta Thunberg' ngefomethi evamile 3-on-3.
