Izindlela zokufundisa ziye zavela ngokuqhubekayo phakathi neminyaka ukuze zihlomise abafundi ngamakhono angcono kakhulu okubhekana nezinselele zangempela emhlabeni wanamuhla. Yingakho indlela yokufunda esekelwe ezinkingeni isetshenziswa kakhulu ekufundiseni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi abafundi basebenzisa ukucabanga okujulile namakhono okuhlaziya ekuxazululeni izinkinga.
Ngakho-ke, yini ukufunda okusekelwe ezinkingeni? Nasi isifinyezo sale ndlela, umqondo wayo, izibonelo, namathiphu emiphumela ekhiqizayo.
Okuqukethwe
- Kuyini Ukufunda Okusekelwe Enkingeni (PBL)?
- Yiziphi Izimpawu Ezinhlanu Eziyinhloko Zokufunda Okusekelwe Ezinkingeni?
- Kungani Kubalulekile Ukufunda Okusekelwe Enkingeni?
- Ungasifaka Kanjani Ukufunda Okusekelwe Enkingeni
- Yiziphi Izibonelo Zokufunda Okusekelwe Enkingeni?
- Izitoreji Eziyinhloko
- imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Kuyini Ukufunda Okusekelwe Enkingeni (PBL)?
Ukufunda okusekelwe ezinkingeni kuyindlela yokufunda edinga ukuthi abafundi basebenze ezinkingeni zangempela ezisetshenziswa amanyuvesi amaningi njengamanje. Abafundi bazohlukaniswa ngamaqembu amancane ukuze basebenzisane ukuxazulula izinkinga ngaphansi kokuqondisa kothisha.
Le ndlela yokufunda isuka esikoleni sezokwelapha, ngenhloso yokusiza abafundi ukuthi basebenzise ulwazi nethiyori ephuma ezincwadini ukuze baxazulule izimo zangempela ezinikezwa ekilasini. Othisha abasekho esikhundleni sokufundisa kodwa sebethuthele esikhundleni sokuqondisa futhi babambe iqhaza kuphela uma kunesidingo.
Amathiphu Okuhlanganyela Okungcono
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Yiziphi Izimpawu Ezinhlanu Eziyinhloko Zokufunda Okusekelwe Ezinkingeni?
Ukufunda okusekelwe ezinkingeni ihlose ukulungiselela abafundi hhayi nje ngolwazi kodwa nekhono lokusebenzisa lolo lwazi ukuze baxazulule izinselele zomhlaba wangempela, okulenza libe indlela yokufundisa ebalulekile emikhakheni nasezifundweni ezihlukahlukene.
Nansi incazelo emfushane yokufunda okusekelwe ezinkingeni, ebonakala ngezici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:
- Izinkinga Zangempela: Inikeza abafundi izinkinga ezibonisa izimo zomhlaba wangempela noma izinselele, okwenza ulwazi lokufunda lufaneleke kakhulu futhi lusebenze.
- Ukufunda okusebenzayo: Esikhundleni sokulalela noma ukukhumbula ngekhanda, abafundi bahlanganyela ngenkuthalo nenkinga, okukhuthaza ukucabanga okujulile namakhono okuxazulula izinkinga.
- Ukufunda Ukuziqondisa: Ikhuthaza ukufunda kokuqondisa, lapho abafundi bezibophezela ngenqubo yabo yokufunda. Bacwaninga, baqoqe ulwazi, futhi bafune izinsiza zokuxazulula inkinga.
- Ukubambisana: Abafundi ngokuvamile basebenza ngamaqembu amancane, bekhuthaza ukubambisana, ukuxhumana, namakhono okusebenza njengeqembu njengoba bexoxa futhi bathuthukisa izixazululo ndawonye.
- I-Interdisciplinary Approach: Ivamise ukukhuthaza ukucabanga kwemikhakha eyahlukene, njengoba izinkinga zingase zidinge ulwazi namakhono ezifundweni eziningi noma emikhakheni yobuchwepheshe.
Kungani Kubalulekile Ukufunda Okusekelwe Enkingeni?
Indlela ye-PBL ibaluleke kakhulu emfundweni yesimanje ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo ezihlukene.
Emgogodleni wayo, iyahlakulela amakhono okucabanga abucayi ngokucwilisa abafundi ezinkingeni zomhlaba wangempela ezingenazo izimpendulo eziqondile. Le ndlela yokufundisa ayiphonseli inselelo abafundi kuphela ukuthi bacabangele imibono eminingi kodwa ibuye ibahlomise ngamakhono okuxazulula izinkinga.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhuthaza ukufunda okuziqondisayo njengoba abafundi bethatha ubunikazi bemfundo yabo, benza ucwaningo, futhi bafuna izinsiza ngokuzimela. Ukuzimisela ukufunda kuzosiza ukuthuthukisa ukugcinwa kolwazi.
Ngaphandle kwezemfundo, le ndlela iphinde ikhuthaze ukusebenzisana kanye ukusebenzisana, amakhono abalulekile ezilungiselelweni zobungcweti, futhi ikhuthaza ukucabanga kwemikhakha eyahlukene ngoba izinkinga zomhlaba wangempela zivame ukuvela emikhakheni eminingi ehlukene.
Okokugcina, ukufunda endleleni yenkinga kulungele izethameli eziningi kanye nabafundi, okuqinisekisa ukuhambisana ezindaweni ezahlukene zemfundo. Emgogodleni wayo, Ukufunda Okusekelwe Enkingeni kuyindlela yokufundisa ehlose ukuhlomisa abafundi ngamakhono, indlela yokucabanga, kanye nokulungela okudingekayo ezweni eliyinkimbinkimbi nelihlala livela.
Ungasifaka Kanjani Ukufunda Okusekelwe Enkingeni
Umkhuba ongcono kakhulu uma kuziwa emisebenzini yokufunda esekelwe ezinkingeni ukubambisana nokubamba iqhaza. Nansi imisebenzi emihlanu esiza ukufunda ngale ndlela ngempumelelo.
1. Buza imibuzo
Lapho utadisha uwedwa, njalo buza imibuzo noma "imigomo yokufunda" ukuze uvuse ukucabanga. Imibuzo enobubanzi obuhlukene izophakamisa izindaba eziningi ezihlukene, okusisiza ukuba sibe nombono obanzi futhi ojulile. Nokho, ungawuvumeli umbuzo uye kude kakhulu, futhi unamathele esihlokweni sesifundo ngangokunokwenzeka.
2. Sebenzisa izimo ezingokoqobo
Sesha futhi ufake izibonelo zangempela ukuze uxhumane nolwazi olufundile. Lezo zibonelo ezinhle zingatholakala kalula ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, kumabonakude, noma ezimeni ezenzeka eduze kwakho.
3. Shintshanisa ulwazi
Xoxa ngezinkinga ozifunda nanoma ubani, kothisha, abangani, noma amalungu omndeni, ngendlela yemibuzo, izingxoxo, ukucela imibono, noma ukufundisa abangani bakho.
Ngale ndlela, ungakwazi ukubona izici eziningi zenkinga, futhi uzijwayeze amakhono athile njengokuxhumana, ukuxazulula izinkinga, ukucabanga okuhlakaniphile,...
I-4. Yiba osebenzayo
Indlela yokufunda esekelwe ezinkingeni iphinde igcizelele ukuqalisa, ukuzithiba, kanye nokuxhumana ukuze ukhumbule ulwazi isikhathi eside. Ungakwazi ukucwaninga izindaba ezithinta leso sihloko ngokwakho bese ucela usizo kuthisha wakho uma unobunzima.
5. Bhala amaphuzu
Noma kuyindlela entsha yokufunda, ungakhohlwa leyo yendabuko ukuthatha inothi nayo iyadingeka kakhulu. Iphuzu elilodwa okufanele uliqaphele ukuthi akufanele ulikopishe njengoba linjalo encwadini, kodwa yifunde futhi uyibhale phansi ngamazwi akho.
Lezi zindlela zithuthukisa ukucabanga okujulile, ukuxazulula izinkinga, nokuqonda, okwenza ukufunda okusekelwe ezinkingeni kube indlela yokufunda eshukumisayo nehehayo ekhuthaza ukubamba iqhaza okubonakalayo nokuqonda okujulile.
Yiziphi Izibonelo Zokufunda Okusekelwe Enkingeni?
Kusukela esikoleni samabanga aphakeme kuya emfundweni ephakeme, i-PBL iyindlela ethandwa othisha nabachwepheshe. Kuyindlela eguquguqukayo neguqukayo engasetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinkambu eziningi.
Ezinye izibonelo zemisebenzi yokufunda esekelwe ezinkingeni zichazwa kanje. Lezi zimo ze-PBL zomhlaba wangempela zibonisa ukuthi le ndlela yokufundisa ingasetshenziswa kanjani emikhakheni ehlukahlukene namazinga emfundo, inikeze abafundi ulwazi lokufunda okugxilile nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono asebenzayo.
1. Ukuxilongwa Nokwelashwa Kwezempilo (Imfundo Yezokwelapha)
- Isimo: Abafundi bezokwelapha bethulwa icala lesiguli eliyinkimbinkimbi elihlanganisa isiguli esinezimpawu eziningi. Kumelwe basebenze ngokubambisana ukuze bahlole isimo sesiguli, baphakamise uhlelo lokwelapha, futhi bacabangele izinkinga zokuziphatha.
- Umphumela: Abafundi bathuthukisa amakhono okucabanga emtholampilo, bafunde ukusebenza emaqenjini ezokwelapha, futhi basebenzise ulwazi lwethiyori ezimeni zangempela zesiguli.
2. Isu Lebhizinisi Nokumaketha (Izinhlelo ze-MBA)
- Isimo: Abafundi be-MBA banikezwa icala lebhizinisi elidonsa kanzima futhi kufanele bahlaziye izimali zalo, isimo semakethe, kanye nesimo sokuncintisana. Basebenza ngamaqembu ukuze benze isu lebhizinisi eliphelele kanye nohlelo lokumaketha.
- Umphumela: Abafundi bafunda ukusebenzisa amathiyori ebhizinisi ezimweni zomhlaba wangempela, bathuthukise amakhono abo okuxazulula izinkinga nokusebenza kweqembu, futhi bathole ulwazi olungokoqobo ekuthathweni kwezinqumo zamasu.
3. Ukuhlaziywa Kwamacala Ezomthetho (Isikole Somthetho)
- Isimo: Abafundi bezomthetho bethulwa icala lomthetho eliyinkimbinkimbi elihlanganisa izindaba eziningi zomthetho kanye nezandulela ezingqubuzanayo. Kufanele bacwaninge ngemithetho efanele, nezandulela, futhi bethule izimpikiswano zabo njengamathimba ezomthetho.
- Umphumela: Abafundi bathuthukisa ucwaningo lwabo lwezomthetho, ukucabanga okujulile, namakhono okuxhumana okukholisayo, okubalungiselela ukwenza umthetho.
Izitoreji Eziyinhloko
Ungayiguqula kanjani indlela ye-PBL yakudala emhlabeni wanamuhla? Indlela entsha ye-PBL ephuma ezikoleni eziningi ezihlonishwayo njengamanje ihlanganisa izinqubo zomzimba nezedijithali, okuye kwafakazelwa ezimweni eziningi eziyimpumelelo.
Kothisha nabaqeqeshi, kusetshenziswa amathuluzi ezethulo asebenzisanayo nahehayo afana AhaSlides kungasiza ukufunda kude futhi ukufunda online esebenza kahle futhi ekhiqizayo. Ifakwe zonke izici ezithuthukile zokuqinisekisa ukuzizwisa okungenazihibe zokufunda.
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imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Ithini indlela yokufunda okusekelwe enkingeni (PBL)?
I-Problem-based Learning (PBL) iyindlela yokufundisa lapho abafundi befunda khona ngokuxazulula izinkinga zomhlaba wangempela noma izimo. Igcizelela ukucabanga okujulile, ukusebenzisana, nokusebenzisa ulwazi ngendlela engokoqobo.
Yisiphi isibonelo senkinga yokufunda esekelwe enkingeni?
Isibonelo se-PBL sithi: "Phenya ngezimbangela zokuncipha kwenani lezinhlanzi kanye nezinkinga zekhwalithi yamanzi endaweni ezungezile yomfula. Phakamisa isixazululo sokubuyiselwa kwe-ecosystem bese uhlela ukusebenzelana nomphakathi."
Ukufunda Okusekelwe Enkingeni kungasetshenziswa kanjani ekilasini?
Ekilasini, Ukufunda Okusekelwe Enkingeni kuhilela ukwethula inkinga yomhlaba wangempela, ukwakha amaqembu abafundi, ukuqondisa ucwaningo nokuxazulula izinkinga, ukukhuthaza iziphakamiso zezixazululo nezethulo, ukugqugquzela izingxoxo, nokukhuthaza ukuzindla. Le ndlela ikhuthaza ukuzibandakanya futhi ihlomisa abafundi ngamakhono asebenzayo.
