Ukuhlela Umhlalaphansi | Izinyathelo Eziyisi-6 Ngezinhlelo Ezi-4 Ezivamile Zokuqala Ngo-2024

Ukuhlelela umhlalaphansi kuwumsebenzi obalulekile okungafanele ugwenywe noma unganakwa empilweni yawo wonke umuntu. Akukaze kube kusesekuseni kakhulu ukuthi uqale ukuhlela umhlalaphansi wakho, njengoba kuqinisekisa impilo enethezekile ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngemali eminyakeni ezayo. Ngisho noma usucebile manje, akekho ongabikezela ukuthi yini ezayo (njengobhubhane lwe-Covid-19 eminyakeni emibili edlule). Ngakho kuwukuhlakanipha ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuzilungiselela. 

Ukuhlela umhlalaphansi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuqinisekisa ukuthi iminyaka yakho yegolide iyajabulisa futhi ayinaso ingcindezi. Kulokhu blog okuthunyelwe, sizojula ngokubaluleka kokuhlela umhlalaphansi kanye nezinyathelo zokuthi ungaqala kanjani.

Masiyiqalise!

Okuqukethwe

• Kuyini Ukuhlela Umhlalaphansi?
• Udinga Malini Ukuze Uthathe Umhlalaphansi?
• 4 Izinhlelo Zomhlalaphansi Ezivamile
• Ngingaqala Kanjani Ukuhlela Umhlalaphansi?
• Izitoreji Eziyinhloko
• imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Amathiphu Okuhlanganyela Okungcono

• I-Social Security Calculator
• Izilinganiso Zosuku Lokuphumula

Kuyini Ukuhlela Umhlalaphansi?

Ukuhlelela ukuthatha umhlalaphansi yindlela onquma ngayo imigomo yakho yeholo lomhlalaphansi bese udala uhlelo lwezezimali ukuze ufeze lezo zinhloso. Ukuze ube nohlelo oluphelele lokuthatha umhlalaphansi, uzodinga ukuthatha izinyathelo ezintathu:

• Hlola isimo sakho sezezimali samanje;
• Linganisa izindleko ozidingayo esikhathini esizayo;
• Dala isu lokuqinisekisa ukuthi unemali eyanele yokugcina impilo oyifisayo ngemuva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi.

Ukuhlelwa kokuthatha umhlalaphansi kunikeza ukuvikeleka kwezezimali nokuthula kwengqondo phakathi neminyaka yakho yegolide. Ikuvumela ukuthi "uphile" impilo oyifunayo futhi ufinyelele imigomo yakho ngaphandle kokusebenzela ukugcina impilo ezinzile. Ungakwazi ukuhamba ngokunethezeka, uphishekele izinto zokuzilibazisa noma uchithe isikhathi nabantu obathandayo.

Kunezinketho ezahlukene zokuhlela umhlalaphansi, njengezinhlelo zempesheni, ama-akhawunti omhlalaphansi ngamunye (IRAs), kanye nezinhlelo ezingu-401 (k). Zonke zikusiza ukuthi ujabulele ukulondeka ngokwezimali nokuthula kwengqondo phakathi neminyaka yakho yokuthatha umhlalaphansi. Nokho, sizomba sijule kulezi zinhlobo zezinhlelo zokuthatha umhlalaphansi ezigabeni ezilandelayo.

Udinga Malini Ukuze Uthathe Umhlalaphansi?

Ukuthi udinga ukonga malini uma usuthatha umhlalaphansi kuzoncika ezimweni zakho kanye nezinjongo zakho. Ngakho, indlela engcono kakhulu yokunquma ukuthi ingakanani imali ozoyisebenzisa kulokhu ukusebenzisana nomeluleki wezezimali ukuze wenze uhlelo lomhlalaphansi oluhlangabezana nezidingo zakho.

Nokho, nazi ezinye izici ezingakusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi udinga malini ukuze wonge:

• Imigomo yomhlalaphansi nendlela yokuphila: Cabanga ukuthi hlobo luni lwempilo ongathanda ukuba nalo uma usuthatha umhlalaphansi. Bese ubhala ukuthi yimalini ozoyidinga ukuze ubhekane nalezi zindleko.

• Izindleko ezilinganiselwe: Linganisela izindleko zakho zesikhathi esizayo, okuhlanganisa ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, indawo yokuhlala, ukudla, izinto zokuhamba, nezinye izindleko zokuphila.

• Isikhathi sokuphila: Kuzwakala kudabukisa kancane, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi udinga ukucabangela umlando womndeni wakho kanye nempilo yamanje ukuze uthole isilinganiso seminyaka oyiphilayo. Kuzokusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi uzodinga isikhathi esingakanani ukonga wakho womhlalaphansi.

• Ukunciphisa amandla: Ukwehla kwamandla emali kungase kucekele phansi inani lemali oyilondolozile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho kubalulekile ukulandisa ngomthelela wokwehla kwamandla emali emalini oyongele umhlalaphansi.

• Iminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi: Iminyaka ohlela ukuthatha umhlalaphansi ngayo ingaba nomthelela ekutheni udinga ukonga malini. Uma ushesha ukuthatha umhlalaphansi, kulapho udinga isikhathi eside ukuthi ulondoloze imali yakho yomhlalaphansi.

• izinzuzo Social Security: Cabangela ukuthi yimalini ozoyithola ezinzuzweni Zokuvikeleka Komphakathi nokuthi lokho kuzothinta kanjani iholo lakho lomhlalaphansi.

• Buyela ekutshalweni kwezimali: Akuwona wonke umuntu onokutshalwa kwezimali. Kodwa-ke, imbuyiselo yezimali ozitshalile uma usuthatha umhlalaphansi ingaba nomthelela ekutheni udinga ukonga malini. Imbuyiselo ephakeme ingase isho ukuthi udinga ukonga kancane, kuyilapho imbuyiselo ephansi ingase isho ukuthi udinga ukonga okwengeziwe.

Enye indlela yokuthola ukuthi yimalini oyidingayo uma usuthatha umhlalaphansi ukusebenzisa Imithetho Yesithupha: Beka eceleni okungenani u-15% womholo wakho oya ekhaya uma usuthatha umhlalaphansi.

Ekugcineni, ungabhekisela ku- amabhentshimakhi okonga ngokweminyaka ngezansi ukuze ubone ukuthi kungakanani okudingeka uzilungiselele. 

Khumbula ukuthi lezi ezingenhla ziyiziqondiso ezijwayelekile kuphela futhi nezidingo zakho zokulondoloza umhlalaphansi zingahluka. 

4 Izinhlelo Zomhlalaphansi Ezivamile

Nazi ezinye zezinhlelo ezinhle kakhulu zokuthatha umhlalaphansi ongazicabangela:

1/ 401(k) Uhlelo

Lolu hlelo lokonga lomhlalaphansi olunikezwa umqashi wakho likuvumela ukuthi unikele ngemali yangaphambi kwentela kusuka eshekeni lakho lokuhola uye ku-akhawunti yokutshala imali. Izinhlangano ezimbalwa futhi zihlinzeka ngeminikelo efanayo ukuze ikusize uhlelele ikusasa.

2/403b Uhlelo Lomhlalaphansi

Ukuhlelela umhlalaphansi nge-403(b) uhlelo kuyisinqumo esihle kubasebenzi bezinhlangano ezingakhokhi intela. Lolu hlelo luhlinzekwa kuphela izinhlangano ezingakhokhi intela njengezikole zomphakathi, amanyuvesi, nezinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo. 

Ngokufana ne-401(k) Plan, uhlelo lwama-403(b) lukuvumela ukuthi unikele ngamadola angaphambi kwentela eholweni lakho uye ku-akhawunti yokutshala imali. Iminikelo neholo likhula ngaphandle kwentela uze ukhiphe imali uma usuthatha umhlalaphansi. 

3/ I-akhawunti Yomhlalaphansi Yomuntu Ngamunye (IRA)

An I-akhawunti Yomhlalaphansi Yomuntu Ngamunye (IRA) wuhlobo lwe-akhawunti yomhlalaphansi ongayivula uwedwa noma usebenzisa isikhungo sezezimali. Ngokungafani nohlelo lwe-401(k) noma 403(b), i-IRA ayinikezwa umqashi. Kungaba yinzuzo ikakhulukazi kubantu abazisebenzayo noma labo abasebenza amatoho.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungakhetha phakathi kwe-IRA yendabuko, ehlinzeka ngeminikelo ehlehliswe intela, noma i-Roth IRA, enikeza ukuhoxiswa kwamahhala kwentela lapho usuthatha umhlalaphansi.

4/ Uhlelo lwempesheni 

Uhlelo lwempesheni wuhlelo lomhlalaphansi oluxhaswe ngumqashi. Iklanyelwe ukunikeza abasebenzi imali engenayo eqinisekisiwe yokuthatha umhlalaphansi kuye ngeholo labo neminyaka yokusebenza nenkampani.

Ngohlelo lwempesheni, awuvamile ukufaka iminikelo kumhlalaphansi uzisindise. Kunalokho, umqashi wakho unomthwalo wemfanelo wokuphatha ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi banemali eyanele ohlelweni lokukhokhela izinzuzo zomhlalaphansi.

Ngingaqala Kanjani Ukuhlela Umhlalaphansi?

Ukuqala ukuhlela umhlalaphansi kungase kubonakale kunzima, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqala ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Nazi izinkomba zokuthi uqalise:

1/ Zibekele imigomo yokuthatha umhlalaphansi

Qala ngokubeka imigomo ethile yokuthatha umhlalaphansi, uqale ngemibuzo efana nalena:

• Ngifuna ukuthatha nini umhlalaphansi (iminyaka emingaki)?
• Iyiphi indlela yokuphila engifuna ukuba nayo?
• Yimiphi imisebenzi engifuna ukuyenza?

Le mibuzo izokunikeza umbono ocacile wokuthi ingakanani imali oyidingayo ukuze ulondoloze nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zokutshalwa kwezimali ongase uzidinge. Nakuba kungase kube nzima ukukubona ngeso lengqondo manje, kuzokusiza wazi umgomo wakho futhi wonge kangcono u-1% usuku ngalunye.

Noma ungasetha ukudluliselwa okuzenzakalelayo kokuhlelwa kwakho kokuthatha umhlalaphansi. Kuyindlela enhle yokuqinisekisa ukuthi unikela ngokungaguquki kuma-akhawunti akho omhlalaphansi.

2/ Linganisa Izindleko Zokuthatha Umhlalaphansi 

Linganisela ukuthi uzodinga malini uma usuthatha umhlalaphansi ngokubheka izindleko zakho zamanje nokuthi zingashintsha kanjani uma usuthatha umhlalaphansi. Ungasebenzisa i-inthanethi wokubala umhlalaphansi ukukusiza ukulinganisa izindleko zakho zokuthatha umhlalaphansi.

Kodwa-ke, abanye ochwepheshe batusa ukuthi ushintshe u-70% kuya ku-90% wemali engenayo yaminyaka yonke ngaphambi kokuthatha umhlalaphansi usebenzisa ukonga nokuvikeleka komphakathi.

3/ Bala Iholo Lomhlalaphansi 

Nquma ukuthi ingakanani imali engenayo ongayilindela emithonjeni efana ne-Social Security, impesheni, kanye nezimali ezitshaliwe. Iholo eliphelele lizosiza ukunquma ukuthi ingakanani imali eyengeziwe oyidingayo ukuze ufinyelele imigomo yakho yomhlalaphansi.

Khona-ke, ungayiqhathanisa nezindleko zakho ezilinganiselwe zokuthatha umhlalaphansi ukuze ubone ukuthi udinga yini ukonga imali eyengeziwe. 

4/ Yakha uhlelo lokuthatha umhlalaphansi

Uma usunezinhloso zakho zokuthatha umhlalaphansi, izindleko ezilinganisiwe, kanye nemali engenayo okulindelekile, yakha uhlelo lokulondolozela umhlalaphansi ngokusekelwe kuyo. 

Ungase ucabangele izinketho ezahlukene zokulondoloza umhlalaphansi ezitholakalayo, njengezinhlelo zokuthatha umhlalaphansi ezixhaswe ngumqashi, ama-akhawunti omhlalaphansi ngamunye (ama-IRA), nama-akhawunti okutshala imali akhokhiswa intela. Zimisele ukonga okungenani u-15% womholo wakho uma usuthatha umhlalaphansi.

5/ Buyekeza futhi ulungise njalo

Ukubuyekeza njalo nokulungisa uhlelo lwakho lokuthatha umhlalaphansi kubalulekile ukuze uhlale usendleleni yokufeza izinhloso zakho zokuthatha umhlalaphansi. Nazi ezinye izizathu zokuthi kungani kufanele ubuyekeze futhi ulungise uhlelo lwakho njalo:

• Izinguquko ezimweni zakho zempilo ezifana nomshado, izinguquko zomsebenzi, nezinkinga zempilo zingaba nomthelela emalini oyongele umhlalaphansi.
• Izinguquko kumnotho kanye nesimo sokutshalwa kwezimali (isb. ukwehla komnotho)
• Izinguquko emigomeni yakho yomhlalaphansi. Isibonelo, ungase unqume ukuthatha umhlalaphansi ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ngemva kwesikhathi kunalokho obukuhlelile ekuqaleni, noma ungase ufune ukulungisa indlela yakho yokuphila yokuthatha umhlalaphansi.

Uma usilela emigomweni yakho, zama ukukhulisa iminikelo yakho, ushintshe isu lakho lokutshala imali, noma ubuyekeze izinhlelo zakho zokuthatha umhlalaphansi.

6/ Cabanga ukusebenza nomeluleki wezezimali

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, indlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlela ngempumelelo umhlalaphansi iwukuba nomeluleki wezezimali. Umeluleki wezezimali angakusiza ukuthi wenze uhlelo lomuntu siqu lokuthatha umhlalaphansi futhi akunikeze isiqondiso ngamasu okutshala imali, ukuhlela intela, nezinye izihloko zokuhlela umhlalaphansi.

Futhi lapho ukhetha umeluleki wezezimali, bheka umuntu onolwazi oluhlela umhlalaphansi futhi onomsebenzi wokwethembeka wokwenza izinto ngendlela ezuzisa wena. 

Izitoreji Eziyinhloko

Ukuhlelela ukuthatha umhlalaphansi kuyisici esibalulekile empilweni yakho yezezimali esidinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kanye nokucabanga kwamasu. Ngokuqala kusenesikhathi, ukunquma izinhloso zakho zokuthatha umhlalaphansi, ukonga ngokungaguquguquki, ukwahlukanisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwakho, nokubuyekeza nokulungisa uhlelo lwakho njalo, ungasebenzela ukuzuza umhlalaphansi onethezekile futhi ovikelekile ngokwezimali.

Uma ufuna indlela eguquguqukayo nehehayo yokufundisa abanye ngokubaluleka kokuhlela umhlalaphansi, AhaSlides kungasiza! Ngowethu izici ezisebenzisanayo futhi ngokwezifiso izifanekiso, ungakha izethulo ezihehayo nezifundisayo ezidonsa ukunaka kwezithameli zakho futhi zizikhuthaze ukuthi zibe nemigomo yokuhlela umhlalaphansi. 

Qala ukuhlela umhlalaphansi namuhla futhi uthathe isinyathelo sokuqala esibheke ekusaseni elivikelekile ngokwezezimali!

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Ref: I-CNBC | Forbes