Iyini inqubo yokuhlela iphrojekthiekuphathweni kwephrojekthi?

Ukuphatha kahle iphrojekthi kuhlanganisa nezinyathelo ezinhlanu ezibalulekile: Ukuqala Ukuqaliswa, Ukuhlela, Ukwenziwa, Ukuqapha Nokulawula, nokuqeda Ngokuvala. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ayikho iphrojekthi ephumelele engakwazi ukuziba noma yisiphi salezi zigaba, ikakhulukazi inqubo yokuhlela iphrojekthi egcina yonke into ilandela umkhondo, njengokulethwa ngesikhathi nangesabelomali.

Ukuhlela iphrojekthi kusemongweni womjikelezo wempilo yephrojekthi, okusho futhi ukuthi yisigaba esiyinselele kakhulu. Nokho, kuhlale kunendlela yokufika lapho.

Kulesi sihloko, sifunda kabanzi mayelana nokuhlelwa kwephrojekthi, incazelo, izibonelo, inqubo, namanye amathuluzi okuhlela ukukusiza ukuthi uqonde kangcono inqubo yokuhlela iphrojekthi futhi ufunde ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani nobunzima bayo. 

Amathiphu Okuhlanganyela Okungcono

• Ukuphatha iphrojekthi
• Isibonelo Sohlelo Lwephrojekthi
• Indlela Yezimpophoma

Ithini Incazelo Yokuhlelwa Kwephrojekthi?

Ukuhlelwa kwephrojekthi kungachazwa njengenqubo ehlelekile yokuchaza, ukuhlela, kanye nokuhlela izinyathelo ezidingekayo kanye nezinsiza ezidingekayo ukuze kuzuzwe umgomo othile phakathi nesikhathi esinqunyiwe. Kuyindlela esebenzayo ebandakanya ukuhlonza izinhloso, ukusungula umgwaqo, kanye nokwaba izinsiza zokuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza nokunciphisa ubungozi.

Related: Inqubo Yokuphathwa Kwamasu | I-Ultimate Guide enamathiphu angu-7 angcono kakhulu

Izigaba eziyisi-7 Zohlelo Lokuhlela Umsebenzi

Kule ngxenye, singena ezinyathelweni eziyi-7 ezihilelekile ekuhleleni amaphrojekthi ngale ndlela elandelayo:

Isigaba 1: Ukuchaza Izinjongo Zephrojekthi kanye Nobubanzi

Isigaba sokuqala senqubo yokuhlela iphrojekthi sizungeza ekuchazeni ngokucacile izinjongo zephrojekthi kanye nobubanzi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqonda imiphumela efiselekayo, ukuhlonza ababambiqhaza, nokusungula imigomo elinganisekayo. Ukuchaza imingcele yephrojekthi, okulethwayo, kanye nezithiyo kubeka isisekelo semisebenzi yokuhlela elandelayo.

Isibonelo, i-Nike ibeka inhloso yokuthengisa yokuthengisa amayunithi angu-3,00,000 ngonyaka ozayo, okukhuphuka ngo-30% uma kuqhathaniswa nokuthengiswa kwamanje.

Isigaba sesi-2: Ukwenza Ukuhlola Okuphelele Kwephrojekthi

Ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwephrojekthi kubalulekile ekuthathweni kwezinqumo unolwazi kanye nokunciphisa ubungozi. Lesi sigaba sibandakanya ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kwezidingo zephrojekthi, izinsiza, ubungozi obungaba khona, kanye nokuncika. Ngokuhlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini iphrojekthi, ukusebenza kwayo, kanye nezinselelo ezingaba khona, abahleli bangakwazi ukuhlonza izici zempumelelo ezibalulekile futhi bakhe amasu okubhekana nezithiyo ezingase zibe khona.

Isigaba 3: Ukuthuthukisa Isakhiwo Sokuhlukana Komsebenzi (WBS)

Kulesi sinyathelo sokuhlela iphrojekthi, yonke iphrojekthi ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezincane, ezilawulekayo. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi i-work breakdown structure (WBS) ehlinzeka ngokumelela kwezigaba zemisebenzi, imisebenzi emincane, kanye nokulethwayo, okuqinisekisa ukucaca nokuhleleka. Isiza ukwabiwa kwezinsiza, nokulandelana kwemisebenzi, futhi isungula uhlaka oluphusile lokwenziwa kwephrojekthi.

Isigaba 4: Ukulinganisa Izinsiza kanye Nokusungula Izikhathi Zesikhathi

Ukulinganisa kwezinsiza kanye nokusungulwa komugqa wesikhathi nakho kubalulekile empumelelweni yokuhlela iphrojekthi. Lesi sigaba sihlose ukunquma abasebenzi abadingekayo, ukwabiwa kwesabelomali, nezinto ezidingekayo zomsebenzi ngamunye. Ngokucubungula ukuncika kwemisebenzi, izinto ezibalulekile, kanye nezinsiza ezikhona, abahleli noma abaphathi bangakha imigqa yesikhathi engokoqobo, bahlonze amaqophamlando abalulekile endleleni.

Isigaba 5: Ukuhlonzwa Kwengozi kanye Namasu Okunciphisa

Ayikho iphrojekthi engenazo izingozi, futhi ukubhekana nazo kusenesikhathi kubalulekile ekucubunguleni uhlelo. Ngalesi sigaba, izingozi ezingase zibe khona nokungaqiniseki ziyahlonzwa, zihlaziywe, futhi zibekwa kuqala. Amasu asebenzayo ayathuthukiswa ukuze kuncishiswe ubungozi, ahlanganise izinhlelo zezimo eziphuthumayo, izindlela zokudlulisa ubungozi, nezinye izindlela zokwenza. Ukuqapha kanye nokuhlola ubungozi okuvamile kuqinisekisa ukuguquguquka kuwo wonke umjikelezo wempilo wephrojekthi.

Isigaba 6: Ukuxhumana kanye Nokuhlanganyela Ababambe iqhaza

Njengeglue, ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo kungabamba iphrojekthi ndawonye. Ukusungula uhlelo lokuxhumana oluchaza imigudu, izikhathi eziningi, kanye nokuzibandakanya kwababambe iqhaza kubalulekile. Ukubuyekezwa kwezimo ezivamile, imibiko yenqubekela phambili, nezingxoxo ezihlanganyelwe zikhuthaza ukubeka izinto obala, zithuthukisa ukusebenzisana, futhi zilawule okulindelwe ababambiqhaza.

Isigaba 7: Ukuqapha, Ukulawula, kanye Nokuhlola

Ukufika ekugcineni kohlaka olusebenzayo lokuhlela iphrojekthi yisigaba esiqhubekayo sokuqapha nokuhlaziya. Lesi sigaba sigxile ekulandeleleni inqubekelaphambili, ukuyiqhathanisa nezigigaba ezimisiwe, kanye nokuhlonza ukuchezuka. Uma kunesidingo, kwenziwa izinguquko ukuze kuhlelwe kabusha iphrojekthi nezinjongo zayo. Izifundo ezifundiwe zibhalwa phansi, zivumela ukudluliswa kolwazi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo.

Yiziphi Izingxenye ZokuHlelwa Kwephrojekthi?

Nazi izingxenye eziyisi-7 ezibalulekile zenqubo yokuhlela iphrojekthi:

• Ububanzi bokuhlela ekuphathweni: Chaza ngokucacile imingcele nezinjongo zephrojekthi.
• Isakhiwo Sokuhlukana Komsebenzi (WBS): Ukuhlukanisa iphrojekthi ibe imisebenzi emincane, elawulekayo.
• Umugqa wesikhathi kanye neMilestones: Ukusungula umugqa wesikhathi ongokoqobo kanye nokusetha ingqopha-mlando ukuze ulandelele ukuqhubeka.
• Ukwabiwa Kwensiza:Ukuhlonza nokwaba izinsiza ezidingekayo, okuhlanganisa abasebenzi, isabelomali, nezinto zokwakha.
• Ukuhlaziya Ubungozi kanye Nokunciphisa: Ukuhlonza ubungozi obungase bube khona kanye nokwenza amasu okubunciphisa.
• Uhlelo Lokuxhumana: Ukusungula imigudu yokuxhumana ephumelelayo ukuze kube lula ukudidiyela nokusebenzisana phakathi kwababambe iqhaza kuphrojekthi.
• Ukuqapha Nokuhlola: Ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuqapha ukuqhubeka kwephrojekthi kanye nokuhlola ukusebenza ngokuqhathaniswa nama-KPI achazwe ngaphambilini.

Kungani Inqubo Yokuhlela Iphrojekthi Idingeka?

Kwenyusa ukusebenza kwephrojekthi kanye nethuba lokuphumelela

Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani amaphrojekthi ehluleka futhi esinye sazo ukwehluleka ukuchaza izinjongo, izinhloso, kanye nezibopho phakathi kwamalungu eqembu (okusondele ku-39% elinganiselwe). Iphrojekthi ngeke ihambe kahle uma amalungu eqembu edidekile mayelana nezindima zawo kanye nezibopho zawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuntuleka kwezinhloso nezinhloso ezicacile noma ukungaqondi kahle isiqondiso nenjongo yephrojekthi kungaholela ekungaqondiseni kahle nasekuntulekeni kokugxilisa ingqondo, okuholela ezinkingeni ezingalindelekile, kanye nokungena kobubanzi.

Ithuthukisa ukusebenzisana kweqembu nokuxhumana 

Uhlelo oluhleleke kahle ludala ithuba lokuba amalungu eqembu axhumane futhi asebenzisane ngempumelelo. Ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa kumaphrojekthi awela iminyango noma ezinkampani ezihlukahlukene, ngokubandakanyeka kwabasebenzi abaningi kanye nochwepheshe abavela ezizindeni ezihlukene besebenza ndawonye, ​​indima yokuhlela isobala nakakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuxhumana okucacile nokusebenzisana kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kweqembu, kukhuthaza umbono owabiwe, ukungqubuzana okumbalwa kwabasebenzi, futhi kukhuthaze indawo yephrojekthi enhle.

Iqinisekisa ukwenziwa kahle kwezinsiza

Ukuhlela kuwumkhuba omkhulu wokusebenzisa kahle izinsiza kubandakanya isikhathi, izinsiza zabantu, isabelomali, okokusebenza, nezinto zokwakha. Ngokuhlonza izinsiza ezidingekayo kusenesikhathi, ithimba lephrojekthi lingaqinisekisa ukuthi izinsiza ezifanele ziyatholakala ngesikhathi esifanele, ukunciphisa ukubambezeleka, nokuphindaphinda, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle.

Yehlisa ubungozi nezinkinga ezingalindelekile

Ngokuhlonza izingozi kusenesikhathi, ithimba lephrojekthi lingakha amasu okuhlela impendulo yobungozi kanye nezinhlelo zezimo eziphuthumayo zokubhekana nazo. Le ndlela yokwenza izinto isiza ukunciphisa amathuba okuba nomthelela wezingozi, ithuthukise ukusebenza kwephrojekthi futhi inciphise amathuba okuhluleka.

Iyiphi Inqubo Engcono Kakhulu Yokuhlela Iphrojekthi?

Ukuze uthole ukuhlelwa okungcono kwephrojekthi kanye nokunqoba izinselele okungenzeka kuhlangatshezwane nazo ngesikhathi sokuhlela, kufanelekile ukubheka ezinye izindlela zokuhlela iphrojekthi. Babhekisela ezindleleni ezihlelekile kanye nezinhlaka ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlela nokuphatha ngempumelelo amaphrojekthi.

Ukuhlela Impophoma

I-Waterfall methodology iyindlela elandelanayo ehlukanisa iphrojekthi ngezigaba ezihlukene, isigaba ngasinye sakhela kwedlule. Kulandela ukuqhubekela phambili komugqa, lapho isigaba ngasinye kufanele siqedwe ngaphambi kokudlulela kwesinye. Izigaba ezibalulekile ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ukuqoqwa kwezidingo, ukuklama, ukuthuthukiswa, ukuhlolwa, ukuthunyelwa, nokugcinwa. Impophoma ifaneleka kakhulu kumaphrojekthi anezidingo ezichazwe kahle nezizinzile.

I-PRINCE2 (Amaphrojekthi Asendaweni Elawulwayo)

I-PRINCE2 iyindlela yokuphatha iphrojekthi esekwe enqubweni esetshenziswa kabanzi e-United Kingdom nasemhlabeni jikelele. Ihlinzeka ngohlaka oluhlelekile lokuhlela iphrojekthi, ukuqapha, nokulawula. I-PRINCE2 ihlukanisa amaphrojekthi ngezigaba ezilawulekayo futhi igcizelela ukubusa okuphumelelayo, ukulawulwa kwezinhlekelele, nokuzibandakanya kwababambe iqhaza. Yaziwa kabanzi ngokugxila kwayo ekuthetheleleni ibhizinisi kanye nemibhalo ephelele.

I-PRISM (Ukudidiyelwa Kwemiklamo, Ububanzi, Isikhathi, Nokuphathwa Kwezinsiza)

I-PRISM iyindlela yokuphatha iphrojekthi eyakhiwe yi-Project Management Institute (PMI). Ihlinzeka ngohlaka olubanzi oluhlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa, ububanzi, isikhathi, nokuphathwa kwezinsiza. I-PRISM igcizelela indlela ehlelekile yokuhlela iphrojekthi, ehlanganisa izinqubo ezifana nokuchaza izinhloso zephrojekthi, ukudala izakhiwo zokuhlukaniswa komsebenzi, ukuhlela imisebenzi, nokwaba izinsiza.

Related: Izifanekiso Ezinhle Kakhulu Zokuhlela ngo-2024 | Landa Mahhala

Yimaphi Amanye Amathuluzi Okuhlela Umsebenzi kanye Nesoftware?

Amathuluzi okuhlela iphrojekthi kanye nesoftware sekuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphathweni kwephrojekthi ngempumelelo endaweni yanamuhla yebhizinisi esheshayo neguqukayo. Njengomphathi wephrojekthi, ungafuna ukubheka lezi ziphakamiso eziphezulu:

I-Microsoft Projectiyisoftware yokuhlela iphrojekthi ebanzi esetshenziswa kakhulu ochwepheshe kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukahlukene. Inikeza uhla lwezici eziqinile zokuphatha imisebenzi, izinsiza, imigqa yesikhathi, kanye nesabelomali.

Asanaiyithuluzi lokuhlela iphrojekthi elinemisebenzi eminingi elaziwa ngezici zalo eziqinile nokuguquguquka. Inikeza inkundla emaphakathi ukuze amaqembu ahlele, ahlele, futhi alandelele amaphrojekthi ngempumelelo.

Trelloisofthiwe ethandwayo yokuhlela umsebenzi eyaziwa ngobulula bayo nokukhanga okubonakalayo. I-interface yayo esebenziseka kalula inamabhodi, izinhlu, namakhadi, okuvumela amaqembu ukuthi ahlele futhi abeke phambili imisebenzi kalula.

Related: Amathiphu ayi-10 Okusebenzisa Ukuphathwa Kwephrojekthi Ye-Asana Ngokuphumelelayo Ngo-2024

Yiziphi Izinyathelo Eziyi-10 Zokuhlelwa Kwephrojekthi?

Inqubo yokuhlela iphrojekthi iyahlukahluka kuye ngenhlangano ngenhlangano, kuye ngobubanzi nobungako bamaphrojekthi. Abanye abaphathi bangase bakhethe izinyathelo eziyi-10 zokuhlela iphrojekthi ngale ndlela elandelayo:

1. Chaza izinhloso nezinhloso zephrojekthi.
2. Khomba ababambiqhaza bephrojekthi.
3. Yenza ukuhlaziya okuphelele kobubanzi bephrojekthi.
4. Yakha uhlaka olunemininingwane yokuhlukaniswa komsebenzi (WBS).
5. Nquma ukuncika kwephrojekthi kanye nokulandelana kwemisebenzi.
6. Linganisela izidingo zensiza bese udala uhlelo lwensiza.
7. Yakha uhlelo olungokoqobo lwephrojekthi.
8. Khomba futhi uhlole ubungozi bephrojekthi.
9. Dala uhlelo lokuxhumana.
10. Thola ukugunyazwa kwephrojekthi futhi uqedele uhlelo lwephrojekthi.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Imicabango Final

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuhlela iphrojekthi kuyinqubo engcono kakhulu yokugcina yonke into iqhubeka kahle. Nakuba isofthiwe yokuhlela iphrojekthi ingasiza ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza kwenqubo yokuhlela iphrojekthi, sicela ungayithathi kalula, indima yomphathi wephrojekthi kanye nokuxhumana kweqembu ibaluleke kakhulu.

Ngakho, ungakhohlwa ukuba ne umhlangano oyisingenisoukuxhuma wonke amaqembu ekuqaleni kwephrojekthi nokuqeqeshwa kwamakhono ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi amaqembu akho enza kahle kakhulu futhi ayakhuthazeka phakathi nayo yonke iphrojekthi. Uma udinga izethulo zomhlangano ezihehayo nezijabulisayo noma ukuqeqeshwa, AhaSlidesangaba uzakwethu ongcono kakhulu onezici eziningi ezithuthukile zamahhala nezifanekiso kanye nohlelo lokuncintisana lwamanani azo zonke izinkampani.

Ref: I-BIJU'S | Uhlelo lwamasonto onke | Ithagethi kathisha