Ngati mwatopa ndi zokambirana zosagwira ntchito, zowononga nthawi, pomwe anthu nthawi zambiri safuna kuyankhula kapena kungotsutsana za omwe malingaliro ali abwinoko. Kenako the Nominal Group Technical ndizomwe mukufuna.
Njira imeneyi imalepheretsa aliyense kuganiza mofanana ndipo imawalimbikitsa kukhala anzeru komanso okondwa pothana ndi mavuto amagulu. Sikokokomeza kunena kuti ndi chida chapamwamba cha gulu lirilonse lomwe limayang'ana malingaliro apadera.
Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tiphunzire za njira iyi, momwe imagwirira ntchito, ndi malangizo oti mukhale ndi malingaliro opambana a gulu!
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Kodi The Nominal Group Technique Ndi Chiyani?
Nominal Group Technique (NGT) ndi njira yolumikizirana pagulu kuti apange malingaliro kapena zothetsera vuto. Ndi njira yokhazikika yophatikiza magawo awa:
- Ophunzira amagwira ntchito payekha kuti apange malingaliro (akhoza kulemba papepala, kugwiritsa ntchito zojambula, ndi zina zotero kutengera iwo)
- Ophunzira agawana ndikupereka malingaliro awo ku gulu lonse
- Gulu lonse lidzakambirana ndikuyika malingaliro omwe apatsidwa potengera dongosolo la zigoli kuti awone njira yomwe ili yabwino kwambiri.
Njirayi imathandizira kulimbikitsa luso la munthu payekha, komanso kuphatikiza onse omwe atenga nawo mbali mofanana ndi kuonjezera kutenga nawo mbali pakuthana ndi mavuto.
Nthawi Yomwe Mungagwiritsire Ntchito Nominal Group Technique?
Nazi zina zomwe NGT ingakhale yothandiza kwambiri:
- Pamene pali malingaliro ambiri oyenera kuganizira: NGT ikhoza kuthandiza gulu lanu kukonza ndikuyika patsogolo malingaliro popatsa membala aliyense mwayi wofanana kuti athandizire.
- Pamene pali zolepheretsa kuganiza pagulu: NGT imathandizira kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa kaganizidwe kamagulu polimbikitsa luso lamunthu payekha komanso malingaliro osiyanasiyana.
- Pamene mamembala ena a gulu ali ndi mawu ambiri kuposa ena: NGT imawonetsetsa kuti membala aliyense watimu ali ndi mwayi wofanana wopereka malingaliro awo, mosasamala kanthu za udindo wawo.
- Pamene mamembala a gulu akuganiza bwino mwakachetechete: NGT imalola anthu kudzipangira okha malingaliro asanawagawire, zomwe zingakhale zothandiza kwa iwo omwe amakonda kugwira ntchito mwakachetechete.
- Pakafunika zisankho zamagulu: NGT ikhoza kuwonetsetsa kuti mamembala onse a gulu akutenga nawo mbali popanga zisankho komanso kukhala ndi malingaliro ofanana pazisankho zomaliza.
- Pamene gulu likufuna kupanga malingaliro ambiri mu nthawi yochepa, NGT ikhoza kuthandizira kukonza ndikuyika patsogolo malingalirowo.
Masitepe a Nominal Group Technique
Nawa njira zofananira za Nominal Group Technique:
- Gawo 1 - Chiyambi: Wotsogolera/mtsogoleri adziwikitsa za Nominal Group Technique kwa gulu ndikufotokozera cholinga ndi cholinga cha msonkhano kapena zokambirana.
- Khwerero 2 - Kupanga malingaliro osalankhula: Membala aliyense amaganiza za malingaliro awo pamutu womwe wakambirana kapena vuto, kenako amalemba pamapepala kapena papulatifomu ya digito. Sitepe iyi ndi ya mphindi khumi.
- Gawo 3 - Kugawana malingaliro: Mamembala amgulu amagawana / kupereka malingaliro awo motsatana ndi gulu lonse.
- Gawo 4 - Kufotokozera Mfundo: Malingaliro onse akagawidwa, gulu lonse limakambirana kuti limveketse lingaliro lirilonse. Atha kufunsa mafunso kuti atsimikizire kuti aliyense amvetsetsa malingaliro onse. Kukambiranaku nthawi zambiri kumatenga mphindi 30 mpaka 45 popanda kudzudzula kapena kuweruza.
- Khwerero 5 - Kuyika Malingaliro: Mamembala amagulu amalandira mavoti angapo kapena zigoli (nthawi zambiri pakati pa 1-5) kuti avotere pamalingaliro omwe akuwona kuti ndi abwino kapena ofunikira kwambiri. Izi zimathandiza kuika patsogolo maganizo ndi kuzindikira malingaliro otchuka kwambiri kapena othandiza.
- Gawo 6 - Zokambirana Zomaliza: Gululo lidzakhala ndi zokambirana zomaliza kuti ziyeretse ndi kulongosola malingaliro apamwamba. Kenako mugwirizane pa njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera kapena kuchitapo kanthu.
Potsatira magawo awa, Nominal Group Technique ikhoza kukuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi malingaliro ambiri, ogwira mtima kuthetsa mavuto, ndi njira zopangira zisankho.
Mwachitsanzo, nayi momwe mungapangire Nominal Group Technique kuti muwongolere ntchito zamakasitomala kumalo ogulitsira
| Khwerero | Cholinga | tsatanetsatane |
| 1 | Chiyambi ndi kufotokozera | Wotsogolera amalandira ophunzira ndikufotokozera cholinga ndi ndondomeko ya msonkhanowo: "Momwe mungapititsire ntchito kwa makasitomala". Kenako akupereka mwachidule za NGT. |
| 2 | Kupanga malingaliro opanda pake | Mphunzitsi apatse wophunzira aliyense pepala ndikuwafunsa kuti alembe malingaliro onse omwe amabwera m'maganizo poganizira mutu womwe uli pamwambapa. Ophunzira ali ndi mphindi 10 kuti alembe malingaliro awo. |
| 3 | Kugawana malingaliro | Wophunzira aliyense apereke malingaliro ake, ndipo otsogolera amawalemba pa filipi tchati kapena pa bolodi loyera. Palibe kutsutsana kapena kukambirana pamalingaliro pakali pano ndipo zikuwonetsetsa kuti onse atengapo mwayi wopereka nawo gawo mofanana. |
| 4 | Malingaliro Kufotokozera | Otenga nawo mbali atha kufunsa kuti awafotokozere zambiri kapena zambiri za malingaliro a mamembala awo omwe sangamvetse bwino. Gulu likhoza kupereka malingaliro atsopano pazokambirana ndikuphatikiza malingaliro m'magulu, koma palibe malingaliro omwe angatayidwe. Gawo ili limatenga mphindi 30-45. |
| 5 | Malingaliro Masanjidwe | Ophunzira amapatsidwa chiwerengero cha mfundo kuti avotere malingaliro omwe akuganiza kuti angakhale abwino kwambiri. Atha kusankha kugawa mfundo zawo zonse ku lingaliro limodzi kapena kugawa malingaliro angapo. Pambuyo pake, wotsogolera amawerengera mfundo za lingaliro lililonse kuti adziwe malingaliro ofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera ntchito zamakasitomala m'sitolo. |
| 6 | Nkhani Yomaliza | Gululo likukambirana za momwe angagwiritsire ntchito malingaliro apamwamba ndikukonza ndondomeko yokonzekera kukonza. |
Malangizo Ogwiritsa Ntchito Njira Yamagulu A Nominal Mogwira Ntchito
Nawa maupangiri ogwiritsira ntchito bwino Nominal Group Technique:
- Fotokozani bwino lomwe vuto kapena funso lomwe likuyenera kuthetsedwa: Onetsetsani kuti funso ndi losavuta komanso kuti ophunzira onse ali ndi chidziwitso chofanana pavutoli.
- Perekani malangizo omveka bwino: Onse otenga nawo mbali akuyenera kumvetsetsa njira ya Nominal Group Technique ndi zomwe angayembekezere kwa iwo pagawo lililonse.
- Khalani ndi wotsogolera: Wotsogolera waluso atha kuyang'anira zokambirana ndikuwonetsetsa kuti aliyense ali ndi mwayi wotengapo mbali. Angathenso kuyang'anira nthawi ndikusunga ndondomekoyi.
- Limbikitsani kutenga nawo mbali: Limbikitsani ophunzira onse kuti aperekepo malingaliro awo ndi kupewa kumangokhalira kukambirana.
- Gwiritsani ntchito mavoti osadziwika: Kuvota mosadziwika kungathandize kuchepetsa kukondera komanso kulimbikitsa mayankho owona mtima.
- Pitirizani kukambirana: Ndikofunika kuti zokambirana zikhale zolunjika pa funso kapena nkhani ndikupewa kuchoka.
- Khalani ndi ndondomeko yokhazikika: NGT ndi njira yokhazikika yomwe imalimbikitsa anthu kutenga nawo mbali, kupanga malingaliro ambiri, ndikuwayika molingana ndi kufunikira kwake. Muyenera kumamatira ku ndondomekoyi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti gulu lanu lamaliza masitepe onse.
- Gwiritsani ntchito zotsatira: Ndi zambiri zamtengo wapatali ndi malingaliro pambuyo pa msonkhano. Onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira kuti mudziwe kupanga zisankho ndi kuthetsa mavuto.
Potsatira malangizowa, mutha kuwonetsetsa kuti NGT ikugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera komanso kuti gulu limapanga malingaliro ndi mayankho anzeru.
Zitengera Zapadera
Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi yakupatsirani zambiri zothandiza za Nominal Group Technique. Ndi njira yamphamvu yolimbikitsa anthu ndi magulu kupanga malingaliro, kuthetsa mavuto, ndi kupanga zisankho. Potsatira ndondomeko ndi malangizo omwe ali pamwambawa, gulu lanu likhoza kubwera ndi njira zothetsera mavuto ndikupanga zisankho zomveka.
Ngati mukukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito Nominal Group Technique pamsonkhano kapena msonkhano wotsatira, ganizirani kugwiritsa ntchito Chidwi kuti atsogolere ndondomekoyi. Ndi zomwe zidapangidwa kale laibulale ya template ndi Mawonekedwe, mutha kusonkhanitsa ndemanga kuchokera kwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali munthawi yeniyeni ndi mawonekedwe osadziwika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti njira ya NGT ikhale yogwira mtima komanso yosangalatsa.
