Chii chirongwa chekuronga chirongwamukutarisira chirongwa?

Kutarisira kwakanaka kweprojekiti kunosanganisira matanho mashanu akakosha: Kutanga Kutanga, Kuronga, Kuita, Kuongorora uye Kudzora, uye kupedzisa neKuvhara. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti hapana chimwe chezvirongwa zvakabudirira chinogona kufuratira chero chezvikamu izvi, kunyanya chirongwa chekuronga chirongwa chinoita kuti zvese zvitevedzwe, sekuunzwa nenguva uye mukati mebhajeti.

Kuronga kweprojekiti kuri pamwoyo wehupenyu hwepurojekiti, zvinoreva zvakare kuti ndicho chikamu chinonetsa. Zvisinei, pane nguva dzose nzira yekuenda ikoko.

Muchinyorwa chino, tinodzidza zvakawanda nezvekuronga kweprojekiti, tsananguro, mienzaniso, maitiro, uye mamwe maturusi ekuronga kuti akubatsire iwe kunzwisisa zvirinani maitiro ekuronga chirongwa uye kudzidza maitiro ekuita nematambudziko ayo. 

Mazano eKuroorana Zvirinani

• Project Management
• Purogiramu Yepurogiramu Muenzaniso
• Waterfall Methodology

Chii chinonzi Tsanangudzo yeProjekti Kuronga?

Kuronga kweprojekiti kunogona kutsanangurwa senzira yakarongeka yekutsanangura, kuronga, uye kuronga matanho anodiwa uye zviwanikwa zvinodiwa kuti uwane chinangwa chakati mukati menguva yakatarwa. Iyo inzira inobatika inosanganisira kuona zvinangwa, kumisikidza mugwagwa, uye kugovera zviwanikwa zvekugadzirisa goho uye kuderedza njodzi.

Related: Maitiro e Strategic Management | The Ultimate Guide ine 7 akanakisa matipi

7 Matanho eProject Planning Process

Muchikamu chino, tinoongorora matanho e7 anobatanidzwa mukuronga kweprojekiti sezvinotevera:

Danho 1: Kutsanangura Zvinangwa zveProjekiti uye Zvikamu

Nhanho yekutanga yehurongwa hwekuronga purojekiti inotenderera nekutsanangura zvakajeka zvinangwa zveprojekiti uye chiyero. Izvi zvinosanganisira kunzwisisa zvinodikanwa, kucherekedza vanobatanidzwa, uye kumisa zvinangwa zvinoyerwa. Kutsanangura miganhu yepurojekiti, zvinounzwa, uye zvipingaidzo zvinoisa hwaro hwezviitwa zvekuronga zvinotevera.

Semuenzaniso, Nike inogadzirisa chinangwa chekutengesa kutengesa zvikamu zve3,00,000 gore rinouya, izvo zvinosimudza ne30% zvichienzaniswa nekutengesa ikozvino.

Nhanho 2: Kuita Kuongorora Kwakakwana kweProjekiti

Kunyatsoongorora kweprojekiti kwakakosha pakuita sarudzo ine ruzivo uye kudzikisira njodzi. Iyi nhanho inosanganisira kuita ongororo yakadzama yezvinodikanwa zveprojekiti, zviwanikwa, njodzi dzinogona kuitika, uye zvinoenderana. Nekuongorora kugona kwepurojekiti, kugona, uye zvipingamupinyi zvingangoitika, vanoronga vanogona kuona zvinhu zvakakosha zvebudiriro uye kugadzira nzira dzekugadzirisa zvinogona kuvharika mumigwagwa.

Nhanho 3: Kugadzira Basa Rokuputsa Mamiriro (WBS)

Mune ino nhanho yekuronga purojekiti, purojekiti yese yakakamurwa kuita zvidiki, zvinogoneka. Iyi nzira inodaidzwa kunzi work breakdown structure (WBS) iyo inopa hutongi hwejekerere hwemabasa, madiki-mabasa, uye zvinounzwa, kuve nechokwadi chekujeka uye kurongeka. Inofambisa kugoverwa kwezviwanikwa, uye kutevedzana kwebasa, uye inomisa hwaro hunonzwisisika hwekuita kweprojekiti.

Danho rechina: Kufungidzira Zviwanikwa uye Kugadzira Nguva

Kufungidzira zviwanikwa uye kumisikidzwa kwenguva zvakare kwakakosha pakubudirira kwekuronga kweprojekiti. Iyi nhanho ine chinangwa chekuona vashandi vanodiwa, kugoverwa kwebhajeti, uye zvinhu zvinodiwa pabasa rega rega. Nekutarisa kutsamira pabasa, zvinonyanya kukosha, uye zviwanikwa zviripo, vanoronga kana mamaneja vanogona kugadzira nguva chaiyo, vachiona zvakakosha munzira.

Danho 5: Kuziva Njodzi uye Kuderedza Matanho

Hapana purojekiti isina njodzi, uye kuigadzirisa nekukurumidza kwakakosha kugadzirisa chirongwa. Munguva iyi, njodzi dzinogona kuitika uye kusava nechokwadi zvinoonekwa, kuongororwa, uye kuiswa pamberi. Matanho ekutanga anogadzirwa kuti aderedze njodzi, anosanganisira zvirongwa zvenjodzi, nzira dzekutamisa njodzi, uye dzimwe nzira dzekuita. Kugara uchitarisa njodzi uye kuongororwa kunovimbisa kuchinjika mukati mehupenyu hweprojekiti.

Danho 6: Kukurukurirana uye Kudyidzana kweVabati

Kungofanana neglue, kukurukurirana kunobudirira kunogona kubata chirongwa pamwe chete. Kugadzira hurongwa hwekutaurirana hunotsanangura chiteshi, frequency, uye kubatanidzwa kwevatambi kwakakosha. Kugara uchigadziridzwa mamiriro, mishumo yekufambira mberi, uye nhaurirano dzekudyidzana dzinosimudzira kujeka, kunowedzera kurongeka, uye kutonga zvinotarisirwa nevatori vechikamu.

Danho 7: Kuongorora, Kudzora, uye Kuongorora

Kuuya kumagumo ehurongwa hunobudirira hwekuronga purojekiti ndiyo nhanho yenguva dzose yekutarisisa uye yekuongorora. Iyi nhanho inotarisana nekutevera kufambira mberi, kuienzanisa neyakatemerwa zviitiko, uye kuona kutsauka. Kana zvichidikanwa, zvigadziriso zvinogadzirwa kuti zvigadzirise chirongwa nezvinangwa zvaro. Zvidzidzo zvakadzidzwa zvakanyorwa, zvichigonesa kufambisa ruzivo nekuvandudzwa mune ramangwana.

Ndezvipi Zvikamu zveProjekti Kuronga?

Hezvino 7 zvinhu zvakakosha zvehurongwa hwekuronga chirongwa:

• Chikamu chekuronga mukutarisira: Tsanangura zvakajeka miganhu nezvinangwa zvepurojekiti.
• Basa Rokuputsa Mamiriro (WBS): Kupwanya chirongwa kuita mabasa madiki, anogoneka.
• Nguva uye Milestones: Kugadzira rondedzero yenguva uye kuseta zvinhanho zvekutevera mafambiro.
• Resource Allocation:Kuona uye kugovera zviwanikwa zvinodiwa, kusanganisira vashandi, bhajeti, uye zvinhu.
• Kuongorora Kwengozi uye Kuderedza: Kuona njodzi dzinogona kuitika uye kugadzira nzira dzekudzideredza.
• Chirongwa chekutaurirana: Kugadzira nzira dzekukurukurirana dzinoshanda kufambisa kurongeka nekudyidzana pakati pevanobatanidzwa mumapurojekiti.
• Kuongorora uye Kuongorora: Kuita maitiro ekutarisa mafambiro eprojekiti uye kuongorora mashandiro akatarisana nemaKPI akatsanangurwa.

Sei Chirongwa Chekuronga Chirongwa Chichidikanwa?

Inowedzera kushanda kweprojekiti uye mukana wekubudirira

Pane zvikonzero zvinoverengeka nei mapurojekiti achikundikana uye chimwe chazvo kutadza kutsanangura zvinangwa, zvinangwa, uye mabasa pakati penhengo dzechikwata (padyo ne39% inofungidzirwa). Iyo purojekiti haizofambi zvakanaka kana nhengo dzechikwata dzakavhiringika nezve basa ravo rega uye mabasa avo. Uyezve, kushaikwa kwezvinangwa zvakajeka uye zvinangwa kana kusanzwisisa gwara uye chinangwa chepurojekiti kunogona kukonzera kusarongeka uye kushaikwa kwekutarisa, zvichikonzera zvisingatarisirwi glitches, uye chiyero chinokambaira.

Inovandudza kubatana kwechikwata uye kutaurirana 

Urongwa hwakanyatsorongwa hunoumba mukana wekuti nhengo dzechikwata dzitaurirane uye dzibatane zvinobudirira. Kunyanya kana zvasvika kumapurojekiti ekuyambuka-dhipatimendi kana kuyambuka-kambani, nekubatanidzwa kwevashandi vakawanda uye nyanzvi dzinobva kwakasiyana-siyana dzichishanda pamwe chete, basa rekuronga rinotonyanya kuoneka. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kutaurirana kwakajeka uye kubatana kunowedzera kushanda kweboka, kusimudzira chiono chakagovaniswa, kushomeka kwemakakatanwa evashandi, uye kukurudzira nharaunda yeprojekiti yakanaka.

Inovimbisa optimization yezviwanikwa

Kuronga ndiyo yekupedzisira tsika yekushandisa zvakanyanya zviwanikwa zvinosanganisira nguva, zviwanikwa zvevanhu, bhajeti, midziyo, uye zvinhu. Nekuona zviwanikwa zvinodiwa pachine nguva, timu yeprojekiti inogona kuona kuti zviwanikwa zviripo panguva yakakodzera, kuderedza kunonoka, uye kudzokorora, pamwe nekugadzirisa mashandiro.

Inoderedza njodzi uye zvinhu zvisingatarisirwi

Nekuona njodzi pakutanga, timu yeprojekiti inogona kugadzira marongero ekugadzirisa njodzi uye hurongwa hwekuzvigadzirisa. Iyi proactive nzira inobatsira kuderedza mukana uye kukanganisa kwenjodzi, kusimudzira kushanda kweprojekiti uye kuderedza mikana yekukundikana.

Ndeipi Iyo Yakanakisa Project Planning Maitiro?

Kuronga kurinani kweprojekiti pamwe nekukunda zvipingamupinyi zvinogona kusangana panguva yekuronga, zvakakosha kuti titarise dzimwe nzira dzekuronga mapurojekiti. Ivo vanotaura nezvemaitiro akarongwa uye masisitimu anoshandiswa kuronga nemagadzirirwo nemapurojekiti.

Waterfall Planning

Iyo Waterfall methodology inzira inotevedzana inokamura chirongwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana, nechikamu chimwe nechimwe chichivaka pane chakapfuura. Inotevera kufambira mberi kwemutsara, uko chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinofanira kupedzwa chisati chaenda kune chinotevera. Matanho akakosha anowanzo sanganisira zvinodiwa kuunganidza, dhizaini, kusimudzira, kuyedzwa, kuendesa, uye kugadzirisa. Mapopoma emvura akanyatsokodzera mapurojekiti ane zvakatsanangurwa uye zvakatsiga zvinodiwa.

PRINCE2 (Zvirongwa Munzvimbo Dzinodzorwa)

PRINCE2 inzira-yakavakirwa chirongwa manejimendi nzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muUnited Kingdom uye pasi rose. Inopa hurongwa hwakarongeka hwekuronga kweprojekiti, kutarisa, uye kutonga. PRINCE2 inokamura mapurojekiti mumatanho anogoneka uye inosimbisa hutongi hunoshanda, manejimendi enjodzi, uye kubatanidzwa kwevatori vechikamu. Iyo inozivikanwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekutarisa kwayo bhizinesi kururamisa uye yakazara zvinyorwa.

PRISM (Projects Integration, Scope, Time, and Resource Management)

PRISM inzira yekutarisira chirongwa yakagadziriswa neProjekti Management Institute (PMI). Inopa hurongwa hwakazara hunosanganisira kubatanidzwa, chiyero, nguva, uye zviwanikwa manejimendi. PRISM inosimbisa nzira yakarongeka yekuronga purojekiti, kubatanidza maitiro akadai sekutsanangura zvinangwa zveprojekiti, kugadzira zvimiro zvekuputsa basa, kuronga zviitiko, uye kugovera zviwanikwa.

Related: Akanakisa Strategic Kuronga Matemplate muna 2024 | Dhaunirodha Yemahara

Ndezvipi Zvimwe Zvishandiso Zvekuronga Zvishandiso uye Software?

Zvishandiso zvekuronga mapurojekiti uye software zvave zvakakosha pakutonga kwakanaka kweprojekiti mune yanhasi inokurumidza uye ine simba bhizinesi mamiriro. Semutungamiri weprojekiti, ungangoda kutarisa aya mazano epamusoro:

Microsoft Projectipurojekiti yakazara yekuronga software inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nenyanzvi mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana. Inopa huwandu hwezvinhu zvakasimba zvekugadzirisa mabasa, zviwanikwa, nguva, uye bhajeti.

Asanachishandiso chinogoneka chekuronga chirongwa chinozivikanwa nekusimba kwayo uye kuchinjika. Inopa nzvimbo yepakati yezvikwata kuronga, kuronga, uye kuronda mapurojekiti nemazvo.

Trelloisoftware yakakurumbira yekuronga basa inozivikanwa nekureruka kwayo uye kukwezva kwekuona. Yayo mushandisi-inoshamwaridzika interface ine mabhodhi, rondedzero, uye makadhi, inobvumira zvikwata kuronga uye kukoshesa mabasa zvisingaite.

Related: 10 Mazano Ekushandisa Asana Project Management Zvinobudirira Muna 2024

Ndeapi Matanho gumi eKuronga Kweprojekiti?

Nzira yekuronga purojekiti inosiyana kubva kune sangano nesangano, zvichienderana nehukuru uye hukuru hwezvirongwa. Vamwe vatungamiri vanogona kusarudza matanho gumi ekuronga purojekiti sezvinotevera:

1. Tsanangura zvinangwa zveprojekiti uye zvinangwa.
2. Ziva vane chekuita neprojekiti.
3. Ita ongororo yakakwana yeprojekiti.
4. Gadzira yakadzama yebasa rekuputsa chimiro (WBS).
5. Sarudza zvinoenderana neprojekiti uye kutevedzana kwemabasa.
6. Kufungidzira zviwanikwa zvinodiwa uye gadzira hurongwa hwekushandisa.
7. Gadzira chirongwa chechokwadi cheprojekiti.
8. Ziva uye ongorora njodzi dzeprojekiti.
9. Gadzira chirongwa chekukurukurirana.
10. Tora mvumo yeprojekiti uye pedzisa chirongwa cheprojekiti.

Mibvunzo Inonyanya Kubvunzwa

Final Thoughts

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kuronga kweprojekiti ndiyo nzira yakanakisa yekuchengeta zvese zviri mufambiro yakanaka. Nepo software yekuronga purojekiti inogona kubatsira kuvandudza kugadzirwa kwehurongwa hwekuronga purojekiti, ndapota usazvitore sezvinei, basa remaneja weprojekiti uye kurongeka kwechikwata rinonyanya kukosha.

Saka, usakanganwa kuva ne musangano wekusumakubatanidza zvikwata zvese pakutanga kweprojekiti uye kudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi kuona kuti zvikwata zvako zviri kuita zvakanyanya uye zvinokurudzirwa panguva yese yeprojekiti. Kana iwe uchida zvimwe zvinobata uye zvinonakidza zvemusangano mharidzo kana kudzidziswa, AhaSlidesanogona kuve mudiwa wako wepamoyo ane akawanda emahara epamberi maficha uye matemplate uye yemakwikwi chirongwa chemitengo yemakambani ese.

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