Funda kwezi ngcono imizekelo yeshedyuli yeprojekthi ukwandisa imveliso kunye nokusebenza kweeprojekthi zakho!
Inyathelo lokuqala lolawulo lweprojekthi liza nokucwangcisa nokucwangcisa; ngelixa ucwangciso lujolise ekusekeni imephu yendlela yempumelelo yeprojekthi, ukucwangcisa kunikezelwe ekuchazeni ixesha kunye nolandelelwano lwemisebenzi yeprojekthi.
Kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuba iprojekthi isebenza ngokuqhubekayo ngaphandle kwesigaba sokucwangcisa. Ke, kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga ukubaluleka kweshedyuli yeprojekthi, imizekelo yayo, kunye nendlela yokucwangcisa ukusuka kwincinci ukuya kwiprojekthi enkulu ngokufanelekileyo.
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Ithetha ntoni iShedyuli yeProjekthi?
Ishedyuli yeprojekthi yithayimthebhile eneenkcukacha ezicacileyo ezichaza imisebenzi, izibonelelo ezifunekayo, kunye nemihla emisiweyo elindelekileyo ngokulandelelana ukuqinisekisa ukuba iprojekthi inokugqitywa ngexesha.
Ishedyuli yeprojekthi ibandakanya imihla yokuqala nokuphela komsebenzi ngamnye, ubude bexesha lomsebenzi ngamnye, kunye nazo naziphi na izinto ezixhomekeke okanye imiqobo enokuthi ibe nefuthe kwishedyuli.
Kutheni le nto iShedyuli yeProjekthi ibalulekile?
Ukucwangciswa kweprojekthi yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yolawulo lweprojekthi njengoko ibonelela ngesikhokelo sokwenziwa ngempumelelo kweprojekthi. Esi sicwangciso sineenkcukacha sivumela abaphathi beprojekthi ukuba babele izibonelelo ngokufanelekileyo, babeke iliso kwinkqubela phambili, kwaye baqinisekise ukuba iprojekthi iqukunjelwa ngexesha nangebhajethi. Ezinye iinzuzo zeshedyuli yeprojekthi zichazwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo
Ukuchonga iiBottlenecks ezinokuthi zibeKho kunye neeNgozi kwaPhambili
Esinye sezizathu eziphambili zokuba kutheni ukucwangciswa kweprojekthi kubalulekile kukuba ixhasa abaphathi ekucingeni imiqobo kunye nemingcipheko enokwenzeka kwangaphambili. Ngokuphula iprojekthi ibe yimisebenzi emincinci kunye nokwabela amaxesha athile kumsebenzi ngamnye, abaphathi beprojekthi banokubona ngokulula nakuphi na ukuxhomekeka okanye imiqobo enokuthi ichaphazele ixesha elipheleleyo leprojekthi. Oku kubenza bakwazi ukulawula le mingcipheko kwaye bathathe amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukuyinciphisa.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umsebenzi othile uchongiwe njengomsebenzi wendlela ebalulekileyo kwaye ukulibaziseka kwayo kunokuba nefuthe kwixesha elipheleleyo leprojekthi, umphathi weprojekthi unokwaba izibonelelo ezongezelelweyo okanye ukulungelelanisa ishedyuli ukuqinisekisa ukugqitywa ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Ukusebenzisa izibonelelo
Ngaphaya koko, ukucwangciswa kweprojekthi kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kulawulo lwezibonelelo. Ngokuyiqonda ngokucacileyo imisebenzi ebandakanyekayo kwiprojekthi kunye noqikelelo lwexesha labo, abaphathi beprojekthi banokunikezela ngokufanelekileyo izibonelelo zokuqinisekisa ukuba zisetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo.
Oku kubandakanya ukunika abantu abafanelekileyo izakhono eziyimfuneko kunye namava kumsebenzi ngamnye kunye nokuphepha ungquzulwano lwezibonelelo okanye ukulayisha kakhulu. Ishedyuli yeprojekthi ecwangciswe kakuhle ivumela abaphathi beprojekthi ukuba bachonge naziphi na izikhewu okanye ukunqongophala kwangaphambili kwaye bathathe amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukuyilungisa, njengokuqesha izixhobo ezongezelelekileyo okanye ukwabiwa ngokutsha kwezinto ezikhoyo.
Ukuphucula unxibelelwano kunye nolungelelwaniso
Ukongeza, ukucwangciswa kweprojekthi kunceda ekuphuculeni unxibelelwano kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwamalungu eqela. Ngokuba nokuqonda okwabelwana ngako ngeshedyuli yeprojekthi, amalungu eqela anokulungelelanisa imizamo yawo kwaye asebenzele kwinjongo efanayo. Oku kuququzelela intsebenziswano engcono, kunciphisa ukungaqondani okanye iingxabano, kunye nokuphucula imveliso jikelele.
Ukulandelela okungcono kunye nokunika ingxelo
Ngaphezu koko, ishedyuli yeprojekthi echazwe kakuhle ikwabonelela ngesiseko sokulandelela inkqubela rhoqo kunye nokunika ingxelo. Abaphathi beprojekthi banokuthelekisa inkqubela phambili yokwenyani ngokuchasene neshedyuli ecwangcisiweyo, bachonge nakuphi na ukutenxa okanye ukulibaziseka, kwaye bathathe amanyathelo okulungisa ayimfuneko ukugcina iprojekthi isendleleni.
Yeyiphi imizekelo yeNkqubo yeProjekthi?
Nantsi eminye imizekelo yendlela ishedyuli yeprojekthi inokudalwa ngayo ngokusekelwe kwiinkqubo ezintathu zokucwangcisa iprojekthi kunye neendlela zokulawula: itshathi yeGantt, idiagram yenethiwekhi (PERT kunye neCPM), kunye neShedyuli yoKuchithwa komsebenzi (WBS).
Itshathi yeGantt
Itshathi yeGantt sisixhobo esidumileyo sokucwangcisa iprojekthi esimele ngokubonakalayo umda wexesha leprojekthi. Ibonisa imisebenzi njengeebha ezithe tye ecaleni komgca wexesha, kunye nemihla yazo yokuqala neyokuphela. Ukuxhomekeka phakathi kwemisebenzi kunokubonakaliswa kusetyenziswa iintolo, kwaye izigaba ezibalulekileyo zingamakishwa ukubonisa impumelelo ebalulekileyo yeprojekthi.
Lo mfanekiso ulandelayo ngumzekelo wetshathi yeGantt yemisebenzi yenkonzo yeDelta Jet ngexesha lemizuzu engama-40 yokulala.
I-PERT kunye ne-CPM
Umzobo wothungelwano, owaziwa ngokuba yi-PERT (uVavanyo lweNkqubo kunye noBuchule bokuPhonononga), ubonisa ukulandelelana kunye nokuxhomekeka kwemisebenzi kwiprojekthi. Isebenzisa iinodi ukubonisa imisebenzi kunye neentolo ukubonisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwemisebenzi. Olu hlobo lweshedyuli luluncedo ekuboneni iindlela ezibalulekileyo kunye nokuchonga imisebenzi enempembelelo enkulu kwixesha leprojekthi.
Ukongeza, indlela ebalulekileyo ichongiwe ngokumisela ulandelelwano olude lwemisebenzi exhomekeke ngqo echaphazela ngqo ubude beprojekthi. Imisebenzi ecaleni kwendlela ebalulekileyo ayinakudodobala okanye ukudada, okuthetha ukuba nakuphi na ukulibaziseka kule misebenzi kuya kuba nefuthe ngokuthe ngqo kubude bexesha beprojekthi. Ngokugxininisa kwindlela ebaluleke kakhulu, abaphathi beprojekthi banokwaba izibonelelo ngokufanelekileyo kwaye bachonge amathuba okuphucula ukuqinisekisa ukugqitywa kweprojekthi ngexesha.
Nanku umzekelo weNdlela eBalulekileyo kunye ne-Slack Times yokufaka izixhobo ezitsha zokulawula ungcoliseko lwenkampani enikezelweyo.
IShedyuli yoKwahlulwa komsebenzi (WBS)
Ishedyuli yeprojekthi ingaphuhliswa kusetyenziswa iSakhiwo sokuQotywa koMsebenzi njengesiseko. Ibhekiselele ekudityanisweni ngokwemigangatho yeprojekthi enokuthi inikezelwe kwiipakethe ezincinci, ezilawulekayo zomsebenzi. Ngokusebenzisa obu buchule, abaphathi banokubona ngokulula ukuxhomekeka phakathi kwemisebenzi. Eminye imisebenzi inokuxhomekeka ekugqityweni kweminye, ngelixa eminye inokusetyenzwa ngaxeshanye.
Uyenza njani iShedyuli yeProjekthi
Ekuqaleni kokucwangcisa, ukuba uyazibuza ukuba ungayifaka njani, kunokuba luncedo ukulandela le mibuzo ibalulekileyo:
- Yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe? Cacisa ngokucacileyo imisebenzi ethile, imisebenzi, kunye nokuhanjiswa okufunekayo ukugqibezela iprojekthi. Yahlula-hlula iprojekthi ibe ngamacandelo alawulekayo, uqinisekise ukuba wonke umsebenzi oyimfuneko uyachongwa.
- Kufuneka yenziwe nini? Misela ubude bexesha kunye nomgca wexesha lomsebenzi ngamnye okanye umsebenzi. Qikelela ixesha elifunekayo ukugqiba umsebenzi ngamnye kwaye uqwalasele nakuphi na ukuxhomekeka okanye imiqobo enokuthi ibe nefuthe kwishedyuli. Ukusebenzisa itshathi yeGantt, iPERT, kunye neendlela zeCPM ukunceda ukucwangcisa ishedyuli yeprojekthi ngokufanelekileyo.
- Ngubani onokuyenza? Ukuchonga abantu okanye iindima ezinoxanduva lomsebenzi ngamnye okanye umsebenzi ngamnye, kunokubandakanya inkxaso yamasebe ahlukeneyo. Yabela izibonelelo kwaye unike uxanduva ngokufanelekileyo. Qinisekisa ukuba amalungu eqela anezakhono eziyimfuneko kunye nokufumaneka ukuze enze imisebenzi ayabelweyo.
- Iya kwenziwa phi? Misela indawo ebonakalayo okanye ebonakalayo apho umsebenzi ngamnye uya kwenziwa khona. Oku kunokubandakanya iindawo ezithile zokusebenza, izixhobo, okanye iimfuno zobuchwepheshe.
- Ziziphi izinto ezixhomekeke kumsebenzi? Qinisekisa ubudlelwane kunye nokuxhomekeka phakathi kwemisebenzi. Chonga ukuba yeyiphi imisebenzi ekufuneka igqitywe phambi kokuba eminye iqalise, kwaye uqwalasele nayiphi na imisebenzi enokusetyenzwa ngaxeshanye.
- Yeyiphi iNdlela eQolileyo? Ukuchonga umendo obalulekileyo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuphuhlisa ishedyuli yeprojekthi ebanzi. Indlela ebalulekileyo inceda abaphathi beprojekthi kunye namaqela ukuba aqonde ukuba yeyiphi imisebenzi enempembelelo enkulu kwixesha leprojekthi kunye nomhla wokugqiba.
Ziziphi izixhobo zeShedyuli yeProjekthi?
Uninzi lweeprojekthi kule mihla zifuna inkxaso yesoftware yokucwangcisa iprojekthi. Ingqiniwe ukuba izisa izibonelelo ezininzi kubantu kunye nakumashishini anjengokonyuka kobuchule, ukusebenzisana okuphuculweyo, ukuchaneka okuphuculweyo, kunye nokubonwa okungcono.
Project Microsoft yenye yeyona software ilungileyo yokucwangcisa iprojekthi. Enye yezinto eziphambili zeProjekthi yeMicrosoft kukukwazi ukufumana uhlaziyo lwesimo kwabo bachaphazelekayo kunye nokulawula iitshathi zeGantt, apho unokuchonga ngokulula ukuxhomekeka komsebenzi kwaye ulawule ukulandelelana kwemisebenzi. nawe unokwenza uhlengahlengiso kwishedyuli yeprojekthi.
Olunye ukhetho kukusebenzisa isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba Isoftware yokucwangcisa iPrimavera P6. Yinkqubo yolawulo lweprojekthi ebanzi eyenzelwe ngokukodwa iiprojekthi ezinkulu nezintsonkothileyo kwaye yamkelwa njengeyona software ilungileyo yokucwangcisa ulwakhiwo. Ixhasa zombini ubuchule be-PERT kunye ne-CPM, inikezela ngeempawu zokudala imizobo yenethiwekhi, ukucwangcisa imisebenzi, ukulawula izixhobo, kunye nokuhlalutya iindlela ezibalulekileyo.
Kwiiprojekthi ezincinci, unokucinga ngokuzama isoftware yasimahla efana "Asana" okanye "Trello." Nangona ezi zixhobo zingenakho zonke iimpawu eziphambili zesoftware ehlawulwayo, zibonelela ngezakhono zokucwangcisa iprojekthi esisiseko kwaye zisebenziseka kalula. Iinguqulelo zasimahla ziyakwazi ukugqiba imisebenzi yeprojekthi enzima kunye nokusebenzisana nabanye. Ikuvumela ukuba wenze imisebenzi, usete imihla emiselweyo, yabela uxanduva, nokulandelela inkqubela.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Yintoni ukucwangcisa iprojekthi umzekelo?
Ishedyuli yeprojekthi ichaza ukulandelelana kwemisebenzi, izibonelelo ezifunekayo, kunye namaxesha aqikelelweyo okugqitywa kwayo. Thatha iprojekthi yokwakha njengomzekelo weshedyuli yeprojekthi. Ukucwangcisa kulwakhiwo kunokubandakanya imisebenzi efana nokulungiswa kwesiza, umsebenzi wesiseko, ifreyimu, ukufakelwa kombane nemibhobho yamanzi, ukugqiba, nokuhlola.
Uwubhala njani umzekelo weshedyuli yeprojekthi?
Xa ubhala umzekelo weshedyuli yeprojekthi, kubalulekile ukulandela la manyathelo: (1) Qala ngokuchonga imisebenzi ephambili kunye nemisebenzi ekufuneka igqitywe kwiprojekthi. Oku kunokwenziwa ngokucazulula iprojekthi ibe yimisebenzi emincinci, elawulekayo kunye nokumisela ulandelelwano ekufuneka lugqitywe ngayo. (2) Emva koko, qikelela ubude bomsebenzi ngamnye kwaye unike izibonelelo ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kuya kunceda ekudaleni ixesha lokwenyani leprojekthi. (3) Ukulandela ngokumisela ukuxhomekeka phakathi kwemisebenzi, njengoko eminye imisebenzi inokuxhomekeka ekugqityweni kweminye. (4) Ekugqibeleni, khumbula ukuphonononga rhoqo kwaye uhlaziye ishedyuli yeprojekthi njengoko kufunekayo ukuze uqinisekise ukuba ihlala ichanekile kwaye ibonisa naluphi na utshintsho okanye uhlengahlengiso kwiprojekthi.
Zeziphi ezi 7 iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokucwangcisa?
Iindidi ezisixhenxe ezahlukeneyo zibandakanya ukucwangciswa kweSiloti seXesha, Ukucwangcisa i-aphoyintimenti eVulekileyo, ukucwangciswa kwamaza, ukucwangciswa kwe-40/20, ukucwangciswa kabini, ukucwangciswa kweQela, ukucwangciswa kwamaza kunye nokuhamba-ngaphakathi kweshedyuli kunye nokucwangciswa kweMatrix.
Okukwintsusa
Ishedyuli yeprojekthi ephuhliswe kakuhle ibalulekile kulawulo lweprojekthi oluyimpumelelo. Ukugqwesa kucwangciso lweeprojekthi zonyaka wama-2024 nangaphaya, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uphonononge kwaye wamkele izixhobo zolawulo lweeprojekthi zala maxesha, uhlale unolwazi ngezona ndlela zigqwesileyo kushishino, kwaye ngokuqhubekayo uphucula izakhono zokucwangcisa iprojekthi ngoqeqesho nophuhliso lobungcali.
Ukuba ufuna uncedo olungakumbi ekulungiseleleni uqeqesho kwizakhono zokucwangcisa iprojekthi, AhaSlides inokuba liqabane elikhulu elibonelela ngoluhlu lweempawu zokuxhasa iiseshoni zoqeqesho ezisebenzisanayo nezibandakanyayo. Nge AhaSlides, unokwenza iinkcazo-ntetho eziguqukayo, iikhwizi ezisebenzisanayo, kunye nemisebenzi yentsebenziswano ukuze uphucule amava okufunda.
Ref: Umlawuli weprojekt | Verint