Indlela Yeengxangxasi | Incwadana yowama-2024 eBanzi
Indlela oyikhethayo inokwenza okanye yaphule iprojekthi yakho. Indlela engafanelekanga inokutshabalalisa nezona zicwangciso zibekwe kakuhle kwasekuqaleni.
Yiyo loo nto kunyanzelekile ukuqonda ubume bokwenyani bendlela yeengxangxasi. Njengamagama ayo, i-Waterfall iphosa iiprojekthi kwiindlela ezimiselwe kwangaphambili. Kodwa ngaba ulwakhiwo olungqongqo lulihlakani laso okanye i-ankile?
Kuphela ngokujika i-Waterfall eyomileyo yeengqikelelo esinokuthatha isigqibo sokuba ukwamkela imisinga yayo likhondo lobulumko. Ngoko ke makhe sizijule kwii-eddies zayo ezijikelezayo kunye neengxangxasi ezibalekayo ukuze sifune iinyaniso zayo ngaphantsi komphezulu. Uphononongo lwethu lujolise ekushiyeni kungekho litye lingaguqukiyo, akukho mfihlakalo engaqondwayo ekuxhobiseni ukhetho lwakho lwendlela.
Sijoyine kwaye uzintywilisele njengoko sikhupha ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kwe-Waterfall, singqinga iinqaba zayo, kwaye sijonga iinkqubo zayo zobuchule.
Isiqulatho
isishwankathelo
| Ngubani owadalaIndlela Yeengxangxasi? | UGqr. Winston W. Royce |
| NiniI-Waterfall Methodology yenziwe? | 1970 |
| Yeyiphi eyona meko ilungileyo yokusetyenziswa kwindlela yeengxangxasi? | Ubunjineli beSoftware kunye nophuhliso lweMveliso |
Malunga neNdlela yeeNgxangxasi
| IiNgxangxasi zeNdlela Inkcazo | Yindlela elandelelanayo necwangcisiweyo yolawulo lweprojekthi. Ilandela ukuqhubela phambili komgca ukusuka kwesinye isigaba ukuya kwesinye, kwaye isigaba ngasinye sisakha kwesangaphambili. |
| Izigaba ezi-6 zeNdlela yeNgxangxasi | Ukuqokelelwa kweeMfuneko, uYilo, uPhumezo, uVavanyo, ukusasazwa, kunye noLondolozo. |
| Izibonelelo zeIndlela Yeengxangxasi | Ibonelela ngesakhiwo esicacileyo, igxininisa amaxwebhu, iseka iimfuno ezichazwe kakuhle, kwaye inikezela ngolawulo lweprojekthi. |
| noqhwayelomvaOfIndlela Yeengxangxasi | Ukuba bhetyebhetye okulinganiselweyo, ukunqongophala kokubandakanyeka kwabachaphazelekayo, umngcipheko ophezulu weenguqu ezixabisa kakhulu, kunye nokulungelelanisa okulinganiselweyo ukungaqiniseki. |
| Ixesha lokufaka isiceloIndlela Yeengxangxasi | Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswe kwiiprojekthi ezineemfuno ezichazwe kakuhle nezizinzileyo, apho iprojekthi ineenjongo ezicacileyo kunye nobubanzi. |
| Ukufaka isiceloIndlela Yeengxangxasi | Le modeli ixhaphakile kumashishini afana nokwakha, ubunjineli, ukuvelisa, kunye nophuhliso lwesoftware. |
Iingcebiso zokuthethana ngcono
Ngaba ujonge indlela yokunxibelelana yokulawula iprojekthi yakho ngcono?
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🚀 Thatha iakhawunti yasimahla
IiNgxangxasi zeNdlela Inkcazo
Indlela yeengxangxasi (okanye imodeli yeengxangxasi) kulawulo lweprojekthi yindlela elandelelanayo kunye neyomgca esetyenziselwa ukulawula iiprojekthi. Ilandela inkqubo eyakhiweyo apho isigaba ngasinye seprojekthi sigqitywe phambi kokuba sidlulele kwesinye. Indlela yokusebenza ibizwa ngokuba "yingxangxasi" kuba inkqubela ihamba ngokuthe chu isiya ezantsi, ngokufana neengxangxasi.
Imodeli ye-Waterfall ingasetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya uphuhliso lwesoftware, ubunjineli kunye nolwakhiwo. Ihlala isetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi ezinomhla wokugqibela ongqongqo, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olulinganiselwe, kunye nomda omiselweyo.
Izigaba ezi-6 zeNdlela yeNgxangxasi
I-Waterfall Methodology ilandela indlela elandelelanayo yolawulo lweprojekthi, ebandakanya izigaba ezahlukeneyo. Masiphonononge ezi zigaba ngendlela elula:
1/ Ukuqokelelwa kweeMfuneko:
Kwesi sigaba, iimfuno zeprojekthi zichongiwe kwaye zibhalwe phantsi. Abathathi-nxaxheba beprojekthi bathatha inxaxheba ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimfuno zabo nezinto abazilindeleyo ziqondwa kakuhle. Injongo yesi sigaba kukuseka isiseko esiluqilima seprojekthi ngokuchaza oko kufuneka kuphunyezwe.
Umzekelo, uneprojekthi yophuhliso lwesoftware yewebhusayithi entsha ye-e-commerce. Kweli nqanaba, iqela lakho leprojekthi liya:
- Bandakanya nabachaphazelekayo abahlukeneyo, njengabanini bamashishini, iingcali zentengiso, kunye nabasebenzisi bokuphela abanokubakho, ukuqokelela igalelo kunye neemfuno zabo.
- Qhuba udliwano-ndlebe, iintlanganiso, kunye neeworkshops ukuqonda iinjongo, ukusebenza, kunye nokulindela kwiwebhusayithi.
2/ Uyilo:
Emva kokuba iimfuno ziqokelelwe, isigaba soyilo siqala. Apha, iqela leprojekthi lenza isicwangciso esineenkcukacha okanye iplani yeprojekthi. Ibandakanya ukucacisa ubume, amacandelo, kunye namava omsebenzisi.
Isigaba soYilo sijolise ekuqinisekiseni ukuba wonke umntu obandakanyekayo, kubandakanywa abaphuhlisi, abayili, kunye nabo bonke abachaphazelekayo, banombono ocacileyo wesakhiwo kunye nenkangeleko yeprojekthi.
3/ Ukuphunyezwa:
Kwinqanaba lokuphunyezwa, owona msebenzi wophuhliso uyenzeka. Iqela leprojekthi liqala ukwakha iiprojekthi ezinokuhanjiswa ngokweenkcukacha zoyilo.
Yicinge njengokwakha indlu. Inqanaba loPhumezo kuxa abakhi beqalisa ukusebenza kwisiseko, iindonga, uphahla, imibhobho yamanzi, kunye neenkqubo zombane. Balandela iiplani zokwakha kwaye baziguqule zibe zizakhiwo ezibonakalayo.
Ngokufanayo, kweli nqanaba, abaphuhlisi balandela izicwangciso zoyilo ezenziwe ngaphambili kwaye babhale ikhowudi efunekayo ukwenza umsebenzi weprojekthi. Badibanisa amaqhekeza ahlukeneyo eprojekthi, njengeempawu, ukusebenza, kunye nojongano, kwaye baqhagamshele ngendlela esebenza kunye ngokutyibilikayo.
4/ Uvavanyo:
Emva kwesigaba sokuphunyezwa, uvavanyo olungqongqo lwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kweprojekthi. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo, ezinje ngovavanyo lweyunithi, uvavanyo lokudibanisa, kunye novavanyo lwenkqubo, lwenziwa ukuchonga naziphi na iziphene okanye imiba.
Inqanaba lovavanyo lijolise ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iprojekthi ihlangabezana neemfuno ezichaziweyo kwaye yenza njengoko kulindelekile.
5/ Ukusasazwa:
Ukusasazwa sisigaba apho iprojekthi ilungele ukukhutshwa kwaye isetyenziswe. Kwenzeka emva kokuba isigaba sovavanyo sigqityiwe.
Kwinqanaba lokusasaza, ukuhanjiswa kweprojekthi, okufana nesoftware okanye iwebhusayithi, kukhululwa kwaye kuphunyezwe kwihlabathi lenene. Zifakwe kwindawo yokuvelisa, apho yonke into imiselwe ukusetyenziswa kwangempela, okanye ihanjiswe kumxhasi ocele iprojekthi.
- Umzekelo, ukuba yiwebhusayithi, iqela leprojekthi liya kuseka iiseva zewebhu, uvimba weenkcukacha, kunye nasiphi na esinye isiseko esifunekayo. Baza kuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into icwangciswe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye isebenza kakuhle.
6/ Ugcino:
Ngexesha leSigaba soLondolozo, iqela leprojekthi libonelela ngenkxaso eqhubekayo ukulungisa naziphi na iingxaki ezinokuvela. Injongo ephambili yesigaba soLondolozo kukuqinisekisa ukuba iprojekthi igcina ukusebenza kakuhle kwaye ihlangabezana nokulindelwe ngabasebenzisi.
- Ukuba kukho naziphi na iimpazamo okanye imiba efunyenwe kwiprojekthi, iqela lisebenza ekuyilungiseni.
- Iqela likwajonge ukwenza utshintsho oluyimfuneko okanye ukuphuculwa kweprojekthi ngokusekelwe kwingxelo yomsebenzisi okanye iimfuno ezintsha. Kuyafana naxa ucebisa ukongeza into entsha kwiapp oyithandayo, kwaye abaphuhlisi bayamamela kwaye bayenze yenzeke.
Iqela leprojekthi liyaqhubeka nokubonelela ngenkxaso, ukulungisa nayiphi na imiba, kunye nokwenza uhlaziyo oluyimfuneko okanye utshintsho ngokude nje iprojekthi iqhubeka. Oku kunceda ukugcina iprojekthi ithembekile, ikhuselekile, kwaye isexesheni.
Okuzuzwayo kunye neeNgxaki zeNdlela yeNgxangxasi
benefits
- Indlela ecacileyo necwangcisiweyo: I-Methodology ibonelela ngendlela ecacileyo nelungelelanisiweyo yokulawula iiprojekthi. Ilandela inkqubo yenyathelo ngalinye, ikwenza kube lula kumaqela ukucwangcisa nokwenza umsebenzi wawo.
- Amaxwebhu aneenkcukacha: Lo mzekelo ugxininisa ukubaluleka kwamaxwebhu kuwo onke amanqanaba. Kuthetha ukuba iimfuno zeprojekthi, izicwangciso zoyilo, kunye neenkcukacha zokuphunyezwa zibhalwe kakuhle. Olu xwebhu luluncedo kwireferensi yexesha elizayo kwaye lunceda ukugcina ulwazi lunjalo ngaphakathi kumbutho.
- Ukuchongwa kwangethuba kweeMfuno: Le ndlela yokusebenza igxile ekuchongeni nasekuchazeni iimfuno zeprojekthi kwangethuba. Ngokwenza oku, unokunciphisa ukungaqondani okunokwenzeka okanye utshintsho kububanzi. Inika isiseko esiluqilima seprojekthi zisuka nje.
- Amanqaku acacileyo acacileyo kunye nezinto ezinikezelwayo: Le ndlela yokusebenza ivumela ukusetwa kwezigaba ezicacileyo kunye nezinto ezinokuhanjiswa kwinqanaba ngalinye leprojekthi. Oku kunceda abaphathi beprojekthi balandele inkqubela kwaye balinganise impumelelo ngokuchasene neenjongo ezichazwe kwangaphambili. Inika imvakalelo yokufezekiswa njengoko iqela ligqibezela inqanaba ngalinye.
noqhwayelomva
- Ukuguquguquka okulinganiselweyo: Indlela yokusebenza inecala lokungaguquguquki. Emva kokuba isigaba sigqityiwe, kuba nzima ukwenza utshintsho. Lo mda unokubangela ubunzima ekuziqhelaniseni neemfuno eziguqukayo okanye ukubandakanya ingxelo kamva kwiprojekthi. Isenokunciphisa amandla eprojekthi okuguquguquka kunye nokusabela kwiimfuno eziguqukayo.
- Ukunqongophala koBandakanyo lwabachaphazelekayo: Kulo mzekelo, abachaphazelekayo banokuba nenxaxheba encinci kwaye banike ingxelo kuphela kumanqanaba okugqibela eprojekthi. Oku kulibaziseka kuthethathethwano kunokukhokelela kwimimangaliso okanye ukuphoxeka ukuba isiphumo sokugqibela asihlangabezani nokulindelweyo kwabachaphazelekayo.
- UMngcipheko oPhezulu woTshintsho lweNdleko: Ngenxa yolandelelwano lwendlela yokusebenza, ukwenza utshintsho okanye ukulungisa imiba efunyenwe kumanqanaba amva kunokutya ixesha kwaye kubize kakhulu. Ukulungiswa kweprojekthi kufuna ukubuyela emva kwizigaba ezidlulileyo, ezinokuthi ziphazamise ixesha leprojekthi kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Olu tshintsho lunokukhokelela kwiindleko ezongezelelweyo kunye nokulibaziseka.
- Ukuziqhelanisa okulinganiselweyo nokungaqiniseki: Lo mzekelo uthatha ukuba iimfuno zeprojekthi zinokuqondwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye zichazwe ekuqaleni. Nangona kunjalo, kwiiprojekthi ezintsonkothileyo okanye kwindawo engaqinisekanga, kunokuba ngumngeni ukuba nokuqonda okupheleleyo ngaphambili. Esi sithintelo sinokubangela ubunzima ekunikezeni isiphumo esifunekayo xa ujongene neemeko ezingalindelekanga okanye iimeko eziguqukayo.
Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zinokufaneleka ngakumbi kwiimfuno ezithile zeprojekthi kunye nomxholo wombutho. Ke, masiye kwicandelo elilandelayo ukuze sazi ukuba kufuneka usebenzise nini imodeli yeengxangxasi!
Kufuneka usisebenzise nini kwaye phi iNdlela yokuNgxama?
Le ndlela yokusebenza isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiiprojekthi ezineemfuno ezichazwe kakuhle nezizinzileyo, apho iprojekthi ineenjongo ezicacileyo kunye nobubanzi. Le modeli ixhaphakile kumashishini afana nokwakha, ubunjineli, ukuvelisa, kunye nophuhliso lwesoftware.
Nazi ezinye iimeko apho iNdlela yeeNgxangxasi inokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo:
- IiProjekthi ezilandelelanayo kunye neziqikelelwayo: Isebenza kakuhle kwiiprojekthi ezinolandelelwano olucacileyo lwemisebenzi kunye nokuhamba okuqikelelweyo, njengokwakha isakhiwo.
- Iiprojekthi ezincinci ezineNjongo ezicacileyo: Isebenza kakuhle kwiiprojekthi ezincinci ezineenjongo ezichazwe kakuhle, ezifana nokuphuhlisa i-app elula yeselula.
- IiMfuno eziZinzileyo kunye noTshintsho olunyiniweyo: Xa iimfuno zeprojekthi zizinzile kwaye kungenakwenzeka ukuba zitshintshe kakhulu, i-Waterfall Methodology ifanelekile.
- Ukuthotyelwa kunye neeMfuno zoXwebhu: Iluncedo kwiiprojekthi ezifuna amaxwebhu acokisekileyo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemimiselo, njengakukhathalelo lwempilo okanye kumashishini asebenza nge-aerospace.
- Iiprojekthi ezineeMfuno ezichazwe kakuhle zabasebenzisi: Isebenza xa iimfuno zabasebenzisi ziqondwa ngokucacileyo kwasekuqaleni, njengokwakha iwebhusayithi ngokweenkcukacha zomxumi othile.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba iNdlela Yeengxangxasi isenokungalungeli iiprojekthi ezifuna ukuziqhelanisa, ukubandakanyeka rhoqo kwabachaphazelekayo, okanye ukuphendula kwiimfuno eziguqukayo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, iindlela ze-Agile zihlala zikhethwa.
IItrakthi ezibalulekileyo
I-Waterfall Methodology isebenza kakuhle kwiiprojekthi ezinolandelelwano kunye nemisebenzi eqikelelwayo, iiprojekthi ezincinci ezineenjongo ezicacileyo, okanye iiprojekthi ezichazwe kakuhle zabasebenzisi. Nangona kunjalo, isenokungalungeli iiprojekthi ezifuna ukuziqhelanisa nokubandakanyeka rhoqo kwabachaphazelekayo.
Ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana AhaSlides, unokuphucula ukuphunyezwa kweNdlela yeNdlela yeeNgxangxasi. AhaSlides ibonelela ngexabiso itemplates kwaye iimpawu interactive elungelelanisa ucwangciso lweprojekthi, uyilo kunye nonxibelelwano. Nge AhaSlides, amaqela angenza iintetho ezibandakanyayo, ukulandelela inkqubela phambili ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nokuphucula iziphumo zeprojekthi ngokubanzi.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Yintoni imodeli yeengxangxasi?
Indlela yeengxangxasi (okanye imodeli yeengxangxasi) kulawulo lweprojekthi yindlela elandelelanayo kunye neyomgca esetyenziselwa ukulawula iiprojekthi. Ilandela inkqubo eyakhiweyo apho isigaba ngasinye seprojekthi sigqitywe phambi kokuba sidlulele kwesinye.
Zeziphi izigaba ezi-5 zemodeli yeengxangxasi?
Nazi izigaba ezi-5 zemodeli yeengxangxasi:
- Ukuqokelelwa kweeMfuneko
- Uyilo
- Ukuphunyezwa
- Uvavanyo
- Ukusasazwa kunye noLondolozo
Zeziphi iingenelo kunye nokungalunganga kwimodeli ye-Waterfall?
Indlela yokusebenza yeengxangxasi ineengenelo zayo kwakunye nezingeloncedo. Kwelinye icala, ibonelela ngendlela ecacileyo necwangcisiweyo yolandelelwano kulawulo lweprojekthi. Inqanaba ngalinye leengxangxasi liqhutywa yiplani kwaye limisela ngokwendalo. Oku kuthetha ukuba imisebenzi kunye neziphumo zichazwe ngokucacileyo kwangaphambili. Ingxangxasi iphinda ibangele amaxwebhu aneenkcukacha kwisigaba ngasinye, inceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iimfuno ziqondwa ngokupheleleyo kwasekuqaleni. Ukuchongwa kwangethuba kwezidingo zabasebenzisi kunye nezigaba ezicacileyo zibonelela elubala kwizinto ezinokuhanjiswa. Nangona kunjalo, iingxangxasi zikwaqinile kwaye ziguquguquka okulinganiselweyo xa isigaba sigqityiwe. Abachaphazelekayo banenxaxheba encinci ngaphaya kokuqaliswa kwaye kukho umngcipheko ophezulu weenguqu ezixabisa kakhulu ukususela ekubeni iprojekthi iqhubela phambili inyathelo lokuvala ngezigaba. Olu hlobo lumiselweyo lukwathetha ukuba iingxangxasi zinomda wokukwazi ukujongana nokungaqiniseki kunye neemfuno eziguqukayo xa kujongwa indlela yayo eqhutywa ngamaxwebhu. Ukuziqhelanisa nokuziqhelanisa kuncama ngenxa yolwakhiwo.